ETEC 2301 Programmable Logic Devices
Chapter 3
Logic Gates
Shawnee State University
Department of Industrial and Engineering Technologies
Copyright 2007 by Janna B. Gallaher
The Inverter
Input
Output
Logic Symbol
Truth Table
Timing Diagram
Inverter Operation
Logic Expression
The AND Gate
Logic Symbol
Truth Table
Timing Diagram
0*0=0
0*1=0
1*0=0
1*1=1
Boolean Expression
Logic
Expression
The OR Gate
Logic Symbol
Truth Table
Timing Diagram
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
Boolean Expression
Logic
Expression
The NAND Gate
Logic Symbol
0
Timing Diagram
Truth Table
Equivalent Operation
AB = X
0*0=0=1
0*1=0=1
1*0=0=1
1*1=1=0
The NOR Gate
Logic Symbol
0
Timing Diagram
Truth Table
Equivalent Operation
A+B = X
0+0=0=1
0+1=1=0
1+0=1=0
1+1=1=0
The Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR Gates
Logic Symbols
ExOR & ExNOR Truth Tables
Timing Diagram
A ExOR B = X
A ExNOR B = X
0 x 0=0
0 x 0=0=1
0 x 1=1
0 x 1=1=0
1 x 0=1
1 x 0=1=0
1 x 1=0
1 x 1=0=1
Programmable Logic
Large scale integrated circuit with programmable logic
blocks to implement high level logic functions.
Usually based on a Basic AND Array:
Older styles were one-time programmable, newer
technology uses flash memory.
Programmable Logic (continued)
Different vendors use different technologies:
Fuse Technology
Antifuse Technology
Similar to programmable read-only memories
Also one-time programmable
EEPROM Technology
Creates a conductive path where none exists
Also one-time programmable
EPROM Technology
Metal fuse that was one-time programmable
Similar to programmable read-only memories
Can be re-programmed
SRAM Technology
Uses static ram style storage
Volitile memory looses information when powered-down
Programmable Logic (continued)
Device Programming
Production environments use dedicated programming devices
Development environments use development boards
Designers use Integrated Development Software along with programmers
and development boards
Fixed-Function Logic
Integrated Circuit Logic Device Families
Each family contains basic logic operations (NOT, AND, OR, NAND,
NOR, EXOR, and EXNOR)
Two major families use different semiconductor technology:
TTL series uses binary junction transistors
CMOS series uses MOS transistors
CMOS
74XX and 54XX series of standard fixed-function logic (74 series =
commercial grade, 54 series = military grade)
Voltages: 5, 3.3, 2.5, and 1.8 volt
5 Volt logic: HC & HCT = High Speed, AC & ACT = Advanced
3.3 volt logic: LV & LVC = Low Voltage, ALVC = Advanced
BiCMOS technology: hybrid CMOS and TTL logic family
74BCTXX, 74ABTXX, 74LVTXX, and 74ALBXX series
Fixed-Function Logic (continued)
Integrated Circuit Logic Device Families (continued)
TTL
5 volt supply only
74XX and 54XX series devices available (74 series = commercial
grade, 54 series = military grade)
Several variations for speeds and power
74
74S Schottky TTL higher speed
74AS Advanced Schottky TTL
74LS Low-power Schottky TTL
74ALS Advanced Low-power Schottky TTL
74F Fast TTL
Types of Fixed-Function Logic Gates
Standard Numbering System:
Quad 2-input NAND
00
Dual 4-input NAND
20
Quad 2-input NOR
02
Dual 2-input AND - 21
21
HEX inverter
04
Triple 3-input NOR
27
Quad 2-input AND
08
Single 8-input NAND
30
Triple 3-input NAND
10
Quad 2 input OR
32
Triple 3-input AND
11
Quad XOR
86
Quad XNOR
266
Performance Characteristics and Parameters
Propagation Delay Time (tp)
DC Supply Voltage (Vcc)
Power Dissipation (PD)
Input and Output Logic Levels
Product of supply voltage and average current
VIH = High Level Input Voltage, VIL = Low Level Input Voltage
Speed-Power Product (SPP)
Measure of the performance of a logic circuit
It is the product of the Power Dissipation and the Propagation Delay time
Fan-Out and Loading
Maximum number of inputs to other gates that can be connected with
reliable results.
