One slide rules review
Everything same as last semester. Check K-State
Online for details.
Best four quizzes (400 points). Best 25 of everything
else (400 points). Final exam (200 points).
D,C,B,A = >600, >700, >800, >900, respectively.
No make-ups.
HW through WebAssign. First HW due Wednesday.
I-clickers every lecture.
One person determines group grade in studio on lab and
PS for each assignment.
Still on wait list for studio? If you are >=2 on a wait list,
your chances are not good. You may attend first two
studios.
No electronic devices except calculators and i-clickers.
Quiz 1 is one week from Friday!
Sept. 2
Quiz 1
Sept. 30
Quiz 2
Oct. 21
Quiz 3
Nov. 4
Quiz 4
Dec. 2
Quiz 5
Dec. 16
FINAL EXAM
When engineers cut corners, people die.
In addition to following KSU policies concerning academic honesty, I
expect you to fully embrace the high standards of professionalism
practiced by engineers and scientists (see, for example, the ASME
code of ethics at files.asme.org/asmeorg/Governance/3675.pdf or the
IEEE Code of Ethics at www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p78.html). A non-exhaustive set of examples of unprofessional, and
possibly dishonest, behavior would include: using an i-clicker or
WebAssign account other than your own, using a web site such as
cramster to obtain fully worked out solutions for homework assignments,
uploading without permission copyrighted material to a web site such as
studyblue or koofers, using an online or printed solutions manual to
obtain fully worked out solutions for homework assignments,
programming a calculator or other electronic device for the purpose of
aiding your quiz performance, failing to contribute in studio to group
laboratory or problem assignments, and behaving in a manner that
prevents others from effectively performing in this class.
Pep Talk
Engineering physics I and II may be among the most challenging
courses you encounter at KSU. You need to maintain a high level of
concentration and focus throughout the two semesters. Towards
this end, you may not use laptop computers, cell phones, or
other electronic devices except calculators and your i-clicker in
lectures or studios. You may not read newspapers or similar
material in lectures or studio. Take notes!
Physics builds on itself. Week 2 uses week 1, week 25 uses week
3, and so on. You must not fall behind. If you sense trouble for
yourself, do something about it sooner rather than later. See
me early! We have available a range of resources to help you with
learning physics, most of which are free. Do not engage a tutor
without talking to me first.
The class may be hard at times, but enjoy the challenge of learning
how Nature works! It is not my job to flunk you out of the School
of Engineering.
Electromagnetism in one slide
Electric charges q establish electric fields E everywhere
in space.
An electric Q charge experiences an electric force
FE=QE, where E is the electric field at the charges
position, and Q is the magnitude of the charge.
Moving electric charges result in electric currents;
electric currents establish magnetic fields B everywhere
in space.
A moving charge Q experiences a magnetic force
FB=QvB, with v the velocity of the charge and B the
magnetic fields at the location of the charge.
Magnetic fields can also be established by time-varying
electric fields. Likewise, electric fields result from timevarying magnetic fields. These coupled effects produce
electromagnetic waves.
Electric charge
Protons possess a charge qp=+e, electrons qe=-e, with
e=1.610-19 Coulomb(C).
Experimentally |qp+qe|/e<10-21, the electron charge is
equal and opposite the proton charge.
The total charge is Q=(Np-Ne)e, with Np,Ne the number of
protons,electrons.
Ordinary matter is electrically neutral: Q=0, so Np=Ne.
In a typical material, water, there are ~106 C/mole, or
5104 C/cm3 of proton charge and an equal amount of
electron charge.
Lets try the clickers
A.
B.
C.
D.
How many protons are to needed for 1 C of charge?
1.610-19
1
6.21018
6.01025
The E-field of 1 charge
This is the basic building block of electric fields:
r rQ
1
1
EQ (r , rQ ) Q
2
4pe 0 | r rQ | | r rQ |
The first factor is the charge Q. Fields point away from
positive charges and towards negative charges.
The second factor k=1/4pe09109 Nm2/C2 is, as we shall see,
a measure of how strong electric forces are. The peculiar
way of writing k in terms of another constant e0=8.8510-12
C2/Nm2 will be explained later.
The third factor 1/|r-rQ|2 gives the 1/distance2 behavior of the
field. As the distance between any point in space r and the
position of the charge rQ increases, the field weakens.
The fourth factor (r-rQ)/|r-rQ| is a unit vector that points away
from the point rQ.
Coulombs Law
A charge q at position r will experience a force from the
field set up by charge Q at position rQ, given by
FqQ(r,rQ)=qEQ(r,rQ). This formula is called Coulombs Law:
r rQ
qQ
1
FqQ (r , rQ )
2
4pe 0 | r rQ | | r rQ |
The force points along a line between q and Q, towards Q
(attractive) if qQ<0, and away from Q (repulsive) if qQ>0. Likes
repel, opposites attract.
The force weakens as 1/distance2.
The force is often strong.
Current, Conductors, and Insulator
In all material, electrons can be moved by externally
applied electrical forces (why electrons more than
protons?).
If the an electron can only move a little (a distance
comparable to the size of its parent atom), then the
material is called an insulator.
If an electron can move a a lot (a distance comparable
to the size of the entire material sample) then the
material is called a conductor.
The rate that charges movement is called current,
usually abbreviated as I or i: I=dQ/dt. I is measured in
C/s = Amperes = A: 1 A = 1 C/s.
A better picture of conduction
In bulk matter, electron energies lie in bands of closely
spaced levels. Only one electron can occupy one level
(Pauli exclusion) so bands fill up.
Many vacant energy levels available for electrons
(valence and conduction bands overlap): conductor.
All electrons in a full valence band and big energy gap
to conduction band: insulator.
All electrons in a full valence band but a small,
manipulatable gap to conduction band: semiconductor.
Conductivities
The higher the value, the better the conductor:
Glass: 10-12
Water (pure) : 410-6
Water (very salty): 210+1
Carbon (diamond): 410-1
Carbon (graphite): 7104
Metals: (0.1-1.0) 108
All materials conduct at some level. Metals are good
conductors, non-metals not.
Details matter (pure vs. salt water, diamond vs.
graphite).
Note the 1020 difference between metals and glass!
The best four metals are: (1) silver; (2) copper; (3) gold;
(4) aluminum.
Humans and the earth are decent conductors (like salty
water).
Charge mobility in conductors, an
electroscope
The top metal knob is connected
to the metal bar and needle in the
center, but insulated from the
outer frame and the ground.
Like-sign repulsion causes the
needle to deflect if charge can be
transferred to the inner part of the
electroscope.
Polarizing the electroscope
Notice that the electroscope will indicate charge even if
the rod is brought near, but not touching the top knob.
A positive charge on the rod pulls negative charge to
the knob, leaving the needles and support positively
charged.
What happens to the needle when the rod is removed?
A. It does not move and remains deflected.
B. It returns to its un-deflected position and stays there.
C. It returns to its un-deflected position, and then deflects
again.
Induced charge on an electroscope
If we generate charge separation (or polarization) by
bringing the positive rod close to the electroscope and
then touch the needle section, the positive charge on
the needle will be grounded out, but the negative
charge on the knob will be held in place by the charged
rod. If we remove our hand from the needle and then
pull the rod away from the knob, what will charge on the
electroscope be?
A. Positive.
B. Zero.
C. Negative.
