MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
PROJECT ADVISORY
Prof. Vivek Garg
(Asst. Professor Civil Engg. dept.)
PROJECT TEAM
1. Avalanche Saini (081111006)
2. Abhishek Sharma (081111010)
3. Tathagat Barodh (081111014)
4. Pratik Vaishnav (081111018)
5. Siddharth Soni (081111043)
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
Acknowledgement
We, the students are very grateful to many people who helped
and
supported us during the project. Our deepest thanks to our
guide
Prof. Vivek Garg (Asst. Professor) in Structure Engineering ,
Department of
Civil Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal for his valuable help,
guidance and
suggestions during project studies.
2012
We would like to thank our honorable HOD Dr. Vishnu Prasad
for his
faith in us and last but not the least we would like to thank our
Director of
Institute Dr. Appu Kuttan.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled DESIGN AND TIME
ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING submitted by afore mentioned
students to the Department of Civil Engineering towards partial
fulfillment of curriculum requirement for 7-8th semester is a
bonafide record of the work carried out by them under my
supervision. They have carried
out this project with utmost sincerity and hard work.
Prof. Vivek Garg
(project
guide)
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
Prof.
Vishnu Prasad
(HOD Civil
Engg Department)
PREFACE
Time estimation is a process of calculating the approximate
time required for the completion of the project given the dead
line and start
time of the project. Initially we focus on deadlines, cost comes
next. The
project database contains a lot of information, but at any given
time, you
only need a portion of it to get to information.
This information can be interpreted in form of Gantt chart or
programme evaluation review technique (PERT). The time
estimation of the project helps scheduling the activity. The
more accurate the time estimation more is the profit of
company.
In this project we are dealing with time estimation of a building.
We have used the basis as duration = work/resource effort.
Changing the resource effort we can change the duration of
completion
of activity.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
The interdependency of activity plays a vital role in final
output. Some
activities are based on the relation start to finish, finish to
finish, finish
to start, start to start or overlapping dependency
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. NEED FOR TIME ESTIMATE
3. PROPOSED DESIGN
4. OPERATIONAL PLAN
5. STEPS FOR TIME ESTIMATION
Excavation
PCC work foundation
RCC work foundation
Plinth Beam
Columns
Slab beam and slab
Finishing
Flooring and tiling
Wood work
Steel work
Services
6. GANTT CHART
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
7. SYNOPSIS
8. WHAT WE HAVE LEARNT
INTRODUCTION
Accurate time estimation is a crucial skill in civil construction.
Without it, you won't know how long your project will take to
complete and the various steps adopted to complete it.
In current scenario everyone wants to have a perfect
construction with least investment and minimum time,
therefore time estimation before starting any project is a must.
By planning before hand we can know which activity will take
how much time, we can also check the delays in the project.
CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Programme Evaluation
Review Technique) are project management techniques, which
have been created to plan, schedule and control complex
projects.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
2. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Excavation
PCC work for foundation
RCC work for foundation
o ReinforcementTying
o Shuttering
o Concreting
Plinth
o Reinforcement Tying
o Shuttering
o Concreting
Columns
o Reinforcement Tying
o Shuttering
o Concreting
Slab beam and slab
o Reinforcement Tying
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
o Shuttering
o Concreting
Finishing
o Plastering
o White washing
o Painting
Flooring and tiling
Wood work
Steel work
Services
o Road work
o Sanitary installation
o Water supply
o Drainage
o Aluminum work
o Water proofing
o Wiring
o Fitting and accessories
o SDB and main board
o Earthing
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
NEED FOR TIME ESTIMATION
For any major project proper time estimation prior to the
commencement of project is indispensible. It includes
scheduling of works, allotment of time duration for various
activities and marking of deadline.
Broadly speaking, time estimation comprises:
Scheduling of rates
Activity time
Event tie
CPM and PERT analysis
Representation by Gantt chart.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
PROPOSED DESIGN (Plan)
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
OPERATIONAL PLAN
We have taken into account many factors, including task
dependencies,
constraints, and interruptions, such as holidays or vacation
days. Most
importantly we have scheduled each task using the formula.
Duration = Work/Resource effort, where:
1. Duration is the actual amount of time that passes before
the task is done.
2. Work is the effort required over a period of time to do the
task.
3. Resource effort is the amount of effort resources are
assigned to the task and their allocation.
For example, if:
Three painters work two days on a task, with an effort of 8
hours per day, the work for each resource is 16 hours: (2 days *
8 hours).
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
1. The total effort of the resources is 24 hours per day: (3
painters * 8 hours).
2. The total work for the task is 48 hours: (2 days * 8 hours *
3 painters).
3. The duration is 2 days: 48 hours / (3 painters * 8 hours).
So naturally if we increase resource effort then duration will
decrease.
PROJECT DEADLINE
WE HAVE ASSUMED THE PROJECT DEADLINE TO BE OF 5
MONTHS.
EXCAVATION
It comprises of digging of trenches, holes, foundations,
extracting
material from the ground by digging.
Machines used:
a. 2 JCB Digger
b. 6 dumpers
Efficiency of digger:
8 m3 digging and loading per hour.
Excavation per day:
64 m3 per day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
TOTAL TIME FOR EXCAVATION=10.96 DAYS.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
RCC WORK FOUNDATION
It includes laying of reinforcement, centering and shuttering of
plain
area and laying of M-25.
Steps involved:
1) Laying reinforcement
2) Centering and shuttering
3) Laying of M-25
1) Laying of reinforcement.
Labours used
a) 4 Blacksmith
b) 4 Beldar
Efficiency of work
Can bend and lay 400kg/day.
Time for reinforcement of footing
The time for reinforcement of footing is 10.58days.
2) Centering and Shuttering.
Labours used:
a) 8 Beldar
b) 8 Carpenter.
Efficiency of work
4.8M2/Day per Beldar, Carpenter.
Time for shuttering of footing.
The time required for shuttering of footing is 11.28
days .
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
3) Laying M-25
Machinery and setup
a) Batching Plants
b) Mixers
c) Concrete Pumps
d) Dumpers
e) Concrete Placers
Efficiency
45m3/hr.
Time required for concreting of footing
The time required is 1 day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
PEDESTAL AND PLINTH BEAM
Steps involved:
1) Steel work
2) Shuttering
3) M-25
1) Laying of reinforcement.
Labours used
a) 8 Blacksmith
b) 8 Beldar
Efficiency of work
Can bend and lay 800kg/day.
Time for reinforcement of footing
The time for reinforcement of footing is 5.6 days.
2) Centering and Shuttering.
Labours used:
a) 16 Beldar
b)16 Carpenter.
Efficiency of work
19.2m2/day.
Time for shuttering of footing.
The time required for shuttering of footing is 12.18
days .
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
3) Laying M-25
Machinery and setup
a) Batching Plants
b) Mixers
c) Concrete Pumps
d) Dumpers
e) Concrete Placers
Efficiency
45 m3/hr.
Time requirement for concreting of plinth beam
The time required is 1 day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
COLUMNS
Steps involved:
1) Steel work
2) Shuttering
3) M-25
1) Laying of reinforcement.
Labours used
a) 10 Blacksmith
b) 10 Beldar
Efficiency of work
Can bend and lay 1000kg/day.
Time for reinforcement of footing
The time for reinforcement of footing is 9.1 days.
2) Centering and Shuttering.
Labours used:
a) 20 Beldar
b)20 Carpenter.
Efficiency of work
4.8m2/day per Beldar per Carpenter.
Time for shuttering of footing.
The time required for shuttering of footing is 12.41
days .
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
3) Laying M-25
Machinery and setup
a) Batching Plants
b) Mixers
c) Concrete Pumps
d) Dumpers
e) Concrete Placers
Efficiency
45 m3/hr.
Time required for concreting of column
the time required is 1 day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
SLABS
Steps involved:
1) Steel work
2) Shuttering
3) M-25
1) Laying of reinforcement.
Labours used
a) 16 Blacksmith
b) 16 Beldar
Efficiency of work
Can bend and lay 1600 kg/day.
Time for reinforcement of footing
The time for reinforcement of footing is 2.85 days.
2) Centering and Shuttering.
Labours used:
a) 16 Beldar
b)16 Carpenter.
Efficiency of work
2.4 m2/day per belder per carpenter.
Time for shuttering of footing
The time required for shuttering of footing is 12.28days .
3) Laying M-25
Machinery and setup
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
f) Batching Plants
g) Mixers
h) Concrete Pumps
i) Dumpers
j) Concrete Placers
Efficiency
45 m3/hr.
Total time required for concreting of slab
Time required is 1 day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
BRICK WORK
Erection of walls:
Types of wall:
200mm thick.
Labours used:
a. 3.5 mason.
b. 6.5 mazdoor
c. 0.75 bishti.
Efficiency of work
4.1 m3/day.
Time required for total brick work
Time required is 29.55 days.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
WHITE WASHING
Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, or calsomine is a
very low cost type of paint made from slaked lime
(calcium hydroxide)
and chalk (whiting). Various other additives have also
been used. It is usually applied to exteriors - however
it is traditionally used internally in food preparation
areas - particularly rural dairies - for its mildly anti-
bacterial properties.
Labours used:
a. 2 whitewasher
b. 2 mazdoor.
Efficiency:
120 m2/day.
Time required for white washing is 7.65 days.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
PAINTING
Painting involves coating the walls with distemper or
acrylic paint over the whitewash layer. It is intended
for aesthetic and hygienic purpose.
Labours used:
a. 12 painters
b. 8 mazdoor.
Efficiency:
40 m2/day.
Total time required for painting is 14.3 days.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
FLOORING/TILING
This involves laying of the tiles on the floor slab for its
finishing and aesthetical importance.
Labour used:
3 tile layer
Efficiency
18 m2/day.
Total time required for tiling is 15.3 days.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
WOOD WORK (doors and windows)
Wood work includes installation of doors and
windows, sill and lintel frames, ventilators ,etc.
Labour used:
a. 4 carpenters.
b. 2 beldar.
Efficiency
2.06m2/day.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
Time required for wood work is 25.86 days.
SANITARY INSTALLATIONS
This work includes installing water closets, wash
basins, other bathroom utilities in toilet and
bathrooms.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
WIRING AND ELECTRICAL FITTINGS
This includes laying of the various electrical
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
networks within the building and installation of SDB,
main board and discrete
sockets.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
WATER SUPPLY
Proper water supply connections are a prerequisite for
any building construction. this work includes laying of
water supply network so as to meet various needs of
future inhabitants.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
DRAINAGE
Sewerage works, waste water outlets, manholes,
underground drains comes under this category.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
WATER PROOFING
This is done to prevent seepage of underground
waters from seeping into the structure due to the pore
water pressure. This construction is done at plinth
level.
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MAJOR PROJECT: DESIGN AND TIME ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING
REFERENCES
IS 456:2000 for limit state design of various rcc
components.
IS 1786:1985 for calculating mass per unit
length of various steel bars used.
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