GD&T - Profile Tolerancing
PMPA Technical Conference
Grand Rapids, MI
Rapid Response to April 11, 2016
Make the Cut
Gary K. Griffith
Corona, California
Gary K. Griffith
48 Years Exp. Technical Book Author
Automotive Quality Assurance
Aerospace Engineering
Engineering Shop Technical
Manufacturing
Quality
Profile Tolerances
Profile of a Line
Individual Line Elements
Profile of a Surface
All Line Elements Collectively
Profile tolerances are widely misunderstood
Profile Tolerances - Overview
Profile was originally designed for mating contours
Profile applies only to surfaces
Profile is view-specific (applies only in view shown)
Profile tolerances are automatically bilateral (U.O.S.)
Profile requires basic dimensions (shape and/or location
Profile tolerance may, or may not specify datums
Profile cannot be applied at MMC
Except on datums of size
Contours
Irregular shapes
A collective of various dimensions combined
Radii
Angles
Etc.
Profile would be necessary if all of the components of a
contour are simultaneously related / engaged
Not all contours need profile control
Profile Tolerances - Overview
Profile of a Line
Applies to individual line elements
of the surface (one at a time)
Profile of a Surface
Applies to all line elements collectively (simultaneously)
Datums or No Datums?
FAMILY SYMBOLS DATUMS?
Form Tolerances Never
Orientation Tolerances Always at least one
Runout Tolerances Always at least one
Location Tolerances Always at least one
Profile Tolerances Depends!
Datums or No Datums?
MATING CONTOURS MATING CONTOURS
TWO INTERFACES TWO DATUMS NO INTERFACES NO DATUMS
(NEED SHAPE & LOCATION CONTROL) (ONLY NEED SHAPE CONTROL)
Profile Inspection
Comparator
Using Overlays
Thickness limited
Overlays needed
Cross-hairs where
datums apply
No cross-hairs where
there are no datums
Or a Vision System
Profile Inspection
CMM
Need GD&T Software
Proper probes
Decide points
Best fit capability when
there are no datums
Profile Inspection Fixture
Variable Inspection Fixture
Where datums apply
Pantograph follows true
profile template
Dial indicator (or probe) must
be perpendicular to the
contoured surface
Zeroed on the template``
Profile Tolerance Example
(No Datum)
THE TOLERANCE ZONE
IS TWO LINES (+ .0025)
AROUND THE PERFECT
PROFILE
NOTE: BEST FIT IS
ALLOWED DURING
INSPECTION.
Only shape is controlled
Limited between X and Y
Profile Tolerance
No Datums
MYLAR OVERLAY
Mylar does not need cross-hairs
Best fit is allowed during inspection
Profile Tolerance
No Datums
MYLAR OVERLAY FOR
THE COMPARATOR
BEST FIT IS ALLOWED WHEN
THERE ARE NO DATUMS
Profile Tolerance
No Datums
Mylar can be shifted
or rotated for best fit
Profile Tolerance
Datums Specified
Two Datums
Two Cross-hairs
Controls shape and location
Mylar needs cross-hairs
Profile Tolerance
Datums Specified
Part must be indexed into
the zone. Mylar cannot be
shifted.
This part is not in profile
tolerance
Datums restrict best fit
The surface must be within
shape and location
Profile Tolerance
Datums Specified
This part is too thick for optical comparator use.
A CMM would be necessary in this case.
BETWEEN X AND Y
LIMITS THE CONTROL
Irregular Features Mating Parts
Composite Profile Tolerance
Loose tolerance
for location from
datums A and B
Tighter tolerance
for shape
Profile Tolerance
Coplanar No Datums
The two surfaces must be in-plane within .0005
Both surfaces establish Datum
plane A
Part must mount without
wobble
Profile Tolerance
Coplanar No Datums
Profile controls
coplanarity and flatness
Both surfaces must be
between two planes
.0005 apart (FIM)
Profile Tolerance
Coplanar Datums Applied
Each surface can be no further
away from datum plane A-B
than .0025
This is not a FIM measurement
Profile Tolerance
Coplanar - Datums Applied
Part is mounted on datums A-B. Dial indicator is zeroed
on datums A-B. Each surface must be +.0025 from A-B.
Profile Tolerance Zone
Profile All Around
(View Specific)
Limited Best Fit is Allowed
Profile Controls Size,
Shape, and Location
Combined Controls
(Profile and Position)
Profile for shape and size
Position for location
Profile to Locate a Surface
XX
Controls location, angularity
and flatness
Unilateral Tolerance Zones
Profile is needed to control
contour shape, coaxiality,
and location
Blades must clear housing
Unilateral Tolerance Zones
XX
Phantom Line Method New Circle U Modifier
(2009 Standard)
Profile Includes Coaxial Control
(due to Datum A)
This is controlling:
Concentricity
XX Straightness
Angularity
Profile Using MMC Modifier
(Clearance fit on datum holes)
Datum shift is allowed if
datums depart from MMC
size
Griffith Training
On-Site Tailored GD&T Training:
Basic
Intermediate
Advanced
Tolerance Stackup Analysis
Functional Gage Design
Inspection
Quality Courses Consulting:
Functional GD&T Drawing Reviews
Tolerance Stackups
Functional Gage Designs
Questions and Answers
Need Training?
[email protected]
951-733-9678
www.griffithtraining.com
