Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008
SOLID THICK-WALLED CYLINDER
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
In this example a thick-walled cylinder under plane strain conditions is subjected
to a 1 ksi internal pressure as suggested in MacNeal and Harder 1985. A 10-
degree segment of the cylinder, 1 inch thick, with a 3-inch inner radius and a 9-
inch outer radius, is modeled using a 5x1x1 mesh. The radial displacement and
the radial, tangential and longitudinal stress components at the inside face of the
cylinder are compared with hand-calculated values. Note that radial displacement
values are also published in MacNeal and Harder 1985.
Six different models using four different Poissons ratios and two different
meshes are considered in this example. The following table lists the models used.
Model Poissons Ratio Mesh
A 0.3 5x1x1
B 0.49 5x1x1
C 0.499 5x1x1
D 0.4999 5x1x1
E 0.49 20 x 1 x 1
F 0.49 160 x 1 x 1
To model the symmetry conditions, moment restraints in the form of translational
restraints at the top and bottom of the cylinder segment are applied along the
symmetric edges of the model. To apply the restraint, the local axes of the joints
are oriented such that the joint 2-axis is perpendicular to the symmetric edge of
the cylinder. The translational restraints are then applied in the joint local 2
direction.
The plane strain condition is enforced by setting the Uz degree inactive for the
analysis.
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 1
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
Material Properties Section Properties
E = 1,000 k/in2 Inner radius = 3 in
= 0.49, 0.499, 0.4999 Outer radius = 9 in
Thickness = 1 in
9.00
6 .7 5
Sym
5 .2 0
4 .2 0
3 .5 0
3 .0 0
10
Free
Radius Sym
TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED
Analysis using solid elements
Solid surface pressure load
Joint local axes
RESULTS COMPARISON
Formulas for the independent results are derived from Article 44, entitled
Thermal Stresses in a Long, Hollow Cylinder in Timoshenko 1956. The
independent results for the radial displacement for Poissons ratios of 0.49, 0.499
and 0.4999 also are presented in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The hand-calculated
radial displacements based on formulas derived from Timoshenko 1956 are the
same as those given in MacNeal and Harder 1985.
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 2
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
Output Model, Poissons Ratio Percent
Parameter and Mesh SAP2000 Independent Difference*
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1 0.004539 0.004582 -1%
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1 0.004971 0.005040 -1%
Radial displ
in C, = 0.499, 5x1x1 0.004990 0.005060 -1%
At inner face D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1 0.004992 0.005062 -1%
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1 0.005036 0.005040 0%
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1 0.005041 0.005040 0%
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1 -0.834 -1.000 -17% (-13%)
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1 -0.833 -1.000 -17% (-13%)
Radial stress
ksi C, = 0.499, 5x1x1 -0.833 -1.000 -17% (-13%)
At inner face D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1 -0.833 -1.000 -17% (-13%)
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1 -0.954 -1.000 -5% (-4%)
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1 -0.994 -1.000 -1% (0%)
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1 1.293 1.250 3%
Tangential B, = 0.49, 5x1x1 1.364 1.250 9%
stress C, = 0.499, 5x1x1 1.369 1.250 10%
ksi
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1 1.369 1.250 10%
At inner face
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1 1.291 1.250 3%
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1 1.256 1.250 0%
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1 0.138 0.075 84% (5%)
Longitudinal B, = 0.49, 5x1x1 0.260 0.123 111% (11%)
stress C, = 0.499, 5x1x1 0.268 0.125 114% (11%)
ksi
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1 0.268 0.125 114% (11%)
At inner face
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1 0.165 0.123 34% (3%)
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1 0.128 0.123 4% (0%)
* Percent differences in parenthesis are relative to the maximum theoretical tangential stress, 1.250 ksi
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 3
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
COMPUTER FILES: Example 5-008a, Example 5-008b, Example 5-008c
Example 5-008d, Example 5-008e, Example 5-008f
CONCLUSIONS
The SAP2000 results show an acceptable comparison with the independent
results when an adequate mesh is used. As the mesh is refined, the SAP2000
results converge to the theoretical results.
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 4
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
HAND CALCULATION
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 5
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 6
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 7
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 8
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 9
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 10
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 2
EXAMPLE 5-008 - 11
