Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020
SHELL - PRESTRESS APPLIED TO AREA OBJECTS
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The SAP2000 prestress applied to area objects is verified in this example using a
simply supported concrete beam with a parabolic prestressing tendon profile and
different eccentricities at each end. The deflection, and the top and bottom
stresses, at the beam center are compared with independent hand- calculated
results.
SAP2000 has two options for modeling the effect of the prestress. One option
models the prestress as loads applied to the structure. The other models the
prestress tendon as internal tendon elements. Both options are verified in this
example.
In SAP2000 the beam is modeled using a 4x10 area object mesh. Thus, each area
object is 7.5 inches high by 36 inches long. This yields an aspect ratio of 4.8.
Two separate models are used in this analysis. Model A has the prestress
modeled as loads. Models B treats the prestress as elements.
The effect of both wobble and curvature friction losses are included in the
example as well as elastic shortening of the concrete beam. The tendon is
stressed from the left end only.
Important Note: Shear deformations are included in this example.
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 1
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
GEOMETRY AND LOADING
T=220 k Beam neutral axis Prestressing tendon 18"
CL A
3"
10"
30"
A
Section A-A
10"
30' = 360"
Material Properties Section Properties Prestress Properties
E = 3600 k/in2 b = 18 in A = 1.5 in2
ν = 0.2 d = 30 in E = 29000 k/in2
G = 1500 k/in2 A = 540 in2 ν = 0.3
I = 40,500 in4
Av = 450 in2 (shear area)
Prestressing Tendon Notes
1. T is the component of the tension force in the prestressing tendon before losses.
2. The tendon is tensioned from the left end only.
3. The cable drapes at the left end, center and right end of the beam are illustrated in the figure.
4. The cable profile is parabolic.
5. The friction loss coefficient for curvature is 0.15.
6. The friction loss coefficient for wobble is 0.0001 / in.
7. Consider losses due to friction and beam elastic shortening.
8. Set the maximum tendon discretization length to 12 in.
TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED
Prestress tendon with parabolic tendon profile and different eccentricities at
the two ends
Prestress tendon modeled using loads and applied to area objects
Prestress tendon modeled as elements and applied to area objects
Prestress losses
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated using basic principles and using the unit
load method described on page 244 in Cook and Young 1985. The results are
presented separately for the thin plate option and the thick plate option.
Important Note: A simplifying assumption is made in the hand calculations that
the distributed load the prestress imposes on the beam is uniform. Thus the
SAP2000 and hand-calculated results are not expected to match exactly.
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 2
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
Thin Plate Option
Output Percent
Model Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
A- By Loads Uz 0.16485 -0.5%
(center) 0.16564
B- By Elements in 0.16119 -2.7%
A- By Loads Avg. S11 0.3707 +0.7%
(top center) 0.3681
B- By Elements kip/in2 0.3606 -2.0%
A- By Loads Avg. S11 -1.1297 +1.2%
(bot. center) -1.1163
B- By Elements kip/in2 -1.1003 -1.4%
Thick Plate Option
Output Percent
Model Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
A- By Loads Uz 0.16485 -0.5%
(center) 0.16564
B- By Elements in 0.16119 -2.7%
A- By Loads Avg. S11 0.3707 +0.7%
(top center) 0.3681
B- By Elements kip/in2 0.3606 -2.0%
A- By Loads Avg. S11 -1.1297 +1.2%
(bot. center) -1.1163
B- By Elements kip/in2 -1.1003 -1.4%
COMPUTER FILES: Example 2-020a-thick, Example 2-020a-thin,
Example 2-020b-thick, Example 2-020b-thin
CONCLUSION
The SAP2000 results and the independent results show an acceptable match.
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 3
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
HAND CALCULATION
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 4
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 5
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 6
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 7
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 8
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 9
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 10
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 11
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 12
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 13
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 14
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 20
EXAMPLE 2-020 - 15
