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Calculus II: Partial Fractions Guide

This document discusses partial fraction decomposition, which is a method for evaluating integrals of rational expressions. It involves breaking rational expressions down into simpler rational expressions that can be added or subtracted to obtain the original expression. This allows integrals involving rational expressions to be solved by first performing partial fraction decomposition on the integrand. The key steps are factoring the denominator as completely as possible, then determining the terms to use for each factor in the denominator based on a reference table. Partial fraction decomposition can only be applied when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator.

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Leon Mathaios
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176 views1 page

Calculus II: Partial Fractions Guide

This document discusses partial fraction decomposition, which is a method for evaluating integrals of rational expressions. It involves breaking rational expressions down into simpler rational expressions that can be added or subtracted to obtain the original expression. This allows integrals involving rational expressions to be solved by first performing partial fraction decomposition on the integrand. The key steps are factoring the denominator as completely as possible, then determining the terms to use for each factor in the denominator based on a reference table. Partial fraction decomposition can only be applied when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator.

Uploaded by

Leon Mathaios
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5/24/2017 CalculusIIPartialFractions

PartialFractions
Inthissectionwearegoingtotakealookatintegralsofrationalexpressionsofpolynomialsandonceagain
letsstartthissectionoutwithanintegralthatwecanalreadydosowecancontrastitwiththeintegralsthat
wellbedoinginthissection.


So,ifthenumeratoristhederivativeofthedenominator(oraconstantmultipleofthederivativeofthe
denominator)doingthiskindofintegralisfairlysimple.However,oftenthenumeratorisntthederivativeof
thedenominator(oraconstantmultiple).Forexample,considerthefollowingintegral.


Inthiscasethenumeratorisdefinitelynotthederivativeofthedenominatornorisitaconstantmultipleofthe
derivativeofthedenominator.Therefore,thesimplesubstitutionthatweusedabovewontwork.However,if
wenoticethattheintegrandcanbebrokenupasfollows,

thentheintegralisactuallyquitesimple.


Thisprocessoftakingarationalexpressionanddecomposingitintosimplerrationalexpressionsthatwecan
addorsubtracttogettheoriginalrationalexpressioniscalledpartialfractiondecomposition.Many
integralsinvolvingrationalexpressionscanbedoneifwefirstdopartialfractionsontheintegrand.

So,letsdoaquickreviewofpartialfractions.Wellstartwitharationalexpressionintheform,

wherebothP(x)andQ(x)arepolynomialsandthedegreeofP(x)issmallerthanthedegreeofQ(x).Recall
thatthedegreeofapolynomialisthelargestexponentinthepolynomial.Partialfractionscanonlybedoneif
thedegreeofthenumeratorisstrictlylessthanthedegreeofthedenominator.Thatisimportanttoremember.

So,oncewevedeterminedthatpartialfractionscanbedonewefactorthedenominatorascompletelyas
possible.Thenforeachfactorinthedenominatorwecanusethefollowingtabletodeterminetheterm(s)we
pickupinthepartialfractiondecomposition.

http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcII/PartialFractions.aspx 1/1

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