International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance ISSN 2321-6905

Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 2, Issue 12 December-2014

Pitch Control of DFIG Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Logic Controller

T.Anil Kumar, Ch.V.V.Mangalakshmi
PG scholar, Dept of EEE, Assistant professor , department of EEE
Pragati Engineering College
JNTUK, Surampalem, A. P.

Abstract: With improvement in variable speed rugged and simple construction and good efficiency
system control and design of wind power system, the under different operating conditions. Induction
energy capture of these systems also rising. For generators are require low maintenance and less cost.
enhance the efficiency and performance of wind Optimization of variable wind energy can be solved
energy conversion system(WECS),In this paper come by using pitch control with fuzzy logic controller.
up with Pitch angle control of a Doubly FED
Induction Generator(DFIG) based wind power II.THEWIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
system with the objective of maintain constant power
with variable wind speed by using fuzzy logic The wind energy conversion system four major
controller. This paper presents principal conversion equipment with a generator, wind turbine, gearbox,
of wind energy, wind turbine linearization and interconnection apparatus and control system.
dynamic modeling are derived. The fuzzy logic Normally wind turbine classified into two different
controller is employed for change blade angle of types namely horizontal and vertical axis type. The
wind turbine and constant power can be achieve. The wind turbine consists of three or two blades. The
block diagram of proposed pitch control which wind generator operates with either up wind or down-
consists of pitch controller, actuator model and wind. Major wind turbines manufactures have opted
turbine linearized modeled by using Matlab/Simulink gears between high speed three phase generators and
software. low wind turbines. Fig.1 shows that Different pitch
angle has been analyzed for wind turbines.
Keywords: FLC, PC, DFIG, WECS.

I .INTRODUCTION

In renewable energy sector wind Energy has been

the major source in country. Generally At variable
speed and fix speed wind turbine operates for
generate power. The wind genetic phenomenon from
many causes; atmospheric pressure, temperature
difference and rotation force of earth. These reasons
produce the wind speed and power [1]. Now days,
utilization of wind energy is increased due to clean,
friendly for environment, free and reusable resource.
Wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical
energy. By using mechanical equipment converts
kinetic energy form wind to mechanical energy for
utilization [2]. However, there are many unsolved
problems in wind energy. The conventional controller Fig.1 Characteristics of wind turbine
as well as newly enhanced advanced controllers for
horizontal, Variable speed wind turbines proposed Nowadays, Wind turbines design using doubly-fed
[2]. Most of wind plant construct with Double fed induction generator (DFIG) with rotor induction
induction Generators (DFIG).DFIG used in variable generator and an AC/DC/AC converter very popular.
speed wind turbine for generating constant frequency The winding of stator are connected directly to the
and voltage in wind power system [3]. DFIGs are grid and rotor fed at different frequency through

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 International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance ISSN 2321-6905
Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 2, Issue 12 December-2014

AC/DC/AC converters. The DFIG generator r R

minimizes stress on wind turbine while low wind (1)
speeds. Elimination of capacitor is another advantage VW
DFIG. Also DFIG has ability to absorb or generator Where R is the wind turbine rotor radius, wind speed
reactive power. is vw. mechanical angular rotor speed wt of the wind
turbine. The wind turbine generated power can be
II.I WIND TURBINE SYSTEM MODEL derive from below equation
1
pm R 2C P ( , )VW
3
(2)
2
Where ( ) is the air density, and (A) is the swept
area by the blades, and
18.4
151
C P (, ) 0.73[ 0.58 0.002 2.14 13.2]e i
i
(3)
Where I is

1
i (4)
1 0.03
3
0.02 1
Fig.2 Block diagram of the WTGS
Also torque generated from the wind
Fig.2 shows that wind power generation, first it turbine can show in below
involves the converts the wind energy into 1
mechanical torque by using wind turbine to gear box Tm ARCT V (5)
than it convents mechanical torque into electrical
2
Where CT can define as
power by using induction generator. Due to variation
CP
in wind power y due to the input variable like wind CT (6)
speed, Pitch angle and tip ratio because force
designers to consider close loop control system as
show in fig.2 order to get an effective and constant II. III. DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION
wind power. For this variable wind speed conditions GENERATOR SYSTEM
turbine model is play key role in power generation.[] The designed model of DFIG based wind turbine is
and [] described about wind energy generation by an available under Matlab/Simulink. This designed
using variable and fixed wind turbine, that analysis model isin fig.3 show below and originated from [5],
shows that variable speed wind turbine gives better [6], [7].
response than the fixed wind speed turbine due to the
sudden changes in wind speed variations. Due to
reason in this paper considers the variable speed wind
turbine coupled to a DFIG.

II.II DYNAMIC MODELING OF THE

WIND TURBINE
The wind turbine is designed by dimensional less
curves of power coefficient (C) as function of blade
pitch angle () and tip speed ratio (). In order to
utilize wind energy optimum value should
maintained .Therefore the CP value will reach
maximum value. The ratio between the angular rotor
speed of wind turbine to the linear wind speed at the
tip of the blades. It shows as below

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 International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance ISSN 2321-6905
Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 2, Issue 12 December-2014

Fig 3 Block Diagram of DFIG based wind turbine Follows

Pr Pm Ps Tmr Tems (12)
The stator windings transmit electrical power
Tm (s r ) * s
generated by the wind turbine driven double fed s
Induction Generator. DFIG consists of AC/DC/AC
converts call rotor side converter (RSC) and stator sTms sPs
side converter (SSC). The GSC converter maintains Where S is defined as the slip of the generator
constant DC-link voltage and the RSC controls ( s r )
reactive active power of induction machine. The GSC S (13)
is not used to inject reactive power in grid and RSC s
injects reactive power independently in to the rotor. Where, Pmech is the extracted mechanical power.
But, During the low voltage and steady state Ps is the power from the stator to the grid. Ptotal is
conditions, Reactive power will generate by GSC.In the total generated electrical power. J is the combined
dfig rotor can capable for power flow bidirectional. rotor and wind turbine inertia coefficient. Pr is the
Power will flow from the rotor to grid when r>s, power from the rotor to the grid. s is the
power will absorbs the energy from grid when synchronous speed. r is the rotor rotational speed.
r<s, .Rotor amplitude and frequency of grid The Matlab/Simulink model for proposed
adjust by using power electronics converters. The system is show in fig.5. It consists 10MW wind
mechanical power and the stator electric power turbine generator design of 2MW wind turbines. The
output are computed as follows: The stator electrical generated power is connected to 575KV system
power and mechanical power are define below
PM Tmr (7) III. PITCH ANGLE CONTROL
USING FUZZY LOGIC
PS Tems (8) CONTROLLER
equation for lossless mechanical energy is
j.dr Wind turbine consists of generally three or two
Tm Tem (9) blades, a controller, a servo motor, a rotor rotation
dt sensor, a generator and other mechanical
In study state at fixed speed for a lossless generator : components. The pitch angle of the blade is control
Tm Tem (10) by servomotors. To measure speed of wind turbine
rotor rotary encoder is used. Fig. 4 shows a block
P m Ps Pr (11)

Fig. 4 Matlab/Simulink model proposed pitch controlled DFIG based wind turbine

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 International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance ISSN 2321-6905
Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 2, Issue 12 December-2014

diagram of wind turbine pitch angle control

using Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) for less rated
wind speed. By controls the blade pitch angle to wind
turbine speed is maximizes. From Fig. 6 rotor speed
in rpm from encoder is compared with reference
speed of rotor. The Fuzzy logic controller considers
rotor speed error and change in error as inputs.
Fig 6 shows the fuzzy logic control system,
consists of Fuzification, Rule based control, Decision
making, Defuzification. For this FLC system input are
consider as error in rotor speed and change in
error in rotor speed. In Fuzification process the inputs
are converted into seven linguistic variables show in
Fig.9 fuzzy rules
Fig 7 & 8 .For decision making a sueno method is
used with 49 rules

ERROR

C Error OUTPUT

Fig.5 Fuzzy Logic control Systems

Fig 10 Surface view of fuzzy rules

Surface view of fuzzy logic rules as show in

fig.10. a centroid method is used for defuzzification.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

Simulation Design of Pitch control DFIG System as

Fig.6 pitch angle controller show in Fig 4. In this system Five wind turbine , For
each turbine 2MW power will Generates with 575 V
voltage and generated voltage step up transmitted for
30km - line at 25KV. Finally it will connect grid at
125KV.Fig 12 shows generator voltages, current,
generator real, reactive powers, DC link voltages
and rotor speed, grid voltages, currents at different
wind speeds. Fig. 11 show different Wind Speed.
For graphs take with respective time vs per unit
Fig.7 rotor speed error values of respective quantity.

Fig.8 change in error in rotor speed Fig : 11 Wind Speed of DFIG

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 International Journal of Science Engineering and Advance ISSN 2321-6905
Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 2, Issue 12 December-2014

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This paper proposes implementation of Fuzzy
Turbine Driven Permanent Magnet Generator with
logic control in pitch angle control for DFIG based New MPPT Algorithm. Asian Power Electronics
wind energy conversion. Fuzzy logic control is Journal, vol. 4,No:2.
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