Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Report
(MEC205A)
B.Tech. III Semester
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering
Name of the student
University Reg. No
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
University House, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bangalore 560054
www.msruas.ac.in
i
LABORATORY REPORT
Course Code MEC205A
Course Name Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Programme B. Tech (Mechanical Engineering)
Department Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
Faculty Engineering & Technology
Name of the Student
Register Number
Semester / Batch 3rd /2016
Course Leader(s) Mr, Subbaramu S., Mr. Sooraj Mohan, Mr. Pritam Bhat
University House, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road,
M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA 560 054
ii
Declaration sheet
Course Name Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Register Number
Semester/ 3rd/2016
Programme B.Tech (Mechanical Engg)
Year
Course Code MEC205A
Course Date 21-08-2017 To
Course Leader Mr. Subbaramu S., Mr. Sooraj Mohan, Mr. Pritam Bhat
Declaration
The laboratory report submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations
and that I have conformed to the guidelines against plagiarism as laid out in
the Student Handbook. All sections of the text and results, which have been
obtained from other source, are fully referenced. I understand that cheating
and plagiarism constitute a breach of university regulations and will be dealt
with accordingly.
Signature of the Student Date
Submission date stamp
Signature of the Course
Leader and date
Final Marks Obtained Remarks
iii
Instructions
1. Maintain punctuality
2. Mobiles must be switched off
3. Wearing of shoes is compulsory and take necessary precautions and safety measures
before conducting the experiment
4. Experiments will be performed in group of 4-6 Students
5. You are required to record your observations in this laboratory report
6. Each student will maintain his/her laboratory report
7. If a particular reading appears wrong repeat the measurement carefully. In any event
all the data recorded in the tables have to be faithfully displayed on the graph
8. Presentations of data, tables and graphs calculations should be neatly and carefully
done
9. Graphs should be neatly drawn with pencil. Always label graphs, axes and display units
iv
List of Experiments
1. Estimation of Uncertainty in experiments 6
2. Measurement of viscosity of fluids using viscometers 10
3. Measurement of velocity of fluid using Pitot tube 14
4. Determination of friction coefficient in pipes of different diameters (Major Loss) 17
5. Minor Energy Losses in a pipe 22
6. Determination of losses in pipes connected in series and in parallel 28
7. Impact of Jet on Vanes 33
8. Determination of co-efficient of discharge of orifice plate 37
9. Calibration of Rotameter with Venturimeter 41
10. Calibration of Orifice meter and Nozzle meter with Rotameter 44
v
Experiment No. 1 Date:
1. Estimation of Uncertainty in experiments
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure
6
Observation & Tabulation
Area of measuring tank, A = 0.08 m2
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81m/s2
Rectangular Notch, Breadth, b = _____ m
V-Notch -1, = 60
V-Notch -2, = 90
Type of Valve Time (15 Qact Sill Sill Qtheo
H (m) Cd
notch opening cm rise) (m3/s) (initial) (final) (m3/s)
100% (full
open)
70% (1
rotation)
40% (2
rotations)
7
Calculation of Uncertainty
1. Calculation of nominal Cd
2. Identifying the dependant variables and their least counts
3. Calculation of partial derivatives
8
4. Calculation of uncertainty of Cd
Result Table:
Valve opening Cd Uncertainty in Cd
100% (full open)
70% (1 rotation)
40% (2 rotations)
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
9
Experiment No. 2 Date:
2. Measurement of viscosity of fluids using viscometers
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
10
Observation
Saybolt Viscometer
Sl No Temperature, Time, t (s) Mass of empty Mass of flask+oil,
(C) flask, M1 (kg) M2 (kg)
Redwood Viscometer
Sl No Temperature, Time, t (s) Mass of empty Mass of flask+oil,
(C) flask, M1 (kg) M2 (kg)
Calculations
11
12
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
13
Experiment No. 3 Date:
3. Measurement of velocity of fluid using Pitot tube
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
14
Observation
Manometer reading of pitot Manometer reading of
tube, Hp (mm) venturimeter, Hv (mm)
Calculations
15
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
16
Experiment No. 4 Date:
4. Determination of friction coefficient in pipes of different
diameters (Major Loss)
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
17
Observation
Manometer Reading mm of Time taken for 15
S.No Diameter of hg cm rise of water, Valve position
pipe
H Ts
100 %
1
1. 70 %
27mm
40 %
100 %
2. 70 %
21mm
40 %
100 %
3. 70 %
15mm
40 %
Calculations
18
Tabulation
Loss of Head
Velocity Darcy's Chezy's Mannings Reynold's
Diameter of Valve due Discharge
Head, Constant Constant Constant Number
Pipe Openings to Friction (Q)
V f C M Re
hf
100 %
1"
70 %
27mm (G.I)
40 %
100 %
3/4"
70 %
21mm (G.I)
40 %
100 %
1/2"
70 %
15mm (G.I)
40 %
hf = Loss of Head due to Friction in m Re = Reynolds Number Q = Discharge in m3/sec
V = Velocity Head in m/s f = Friction Factor
19
20
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
21
Experiment No. 5 Date:
5. Minor Energy Losses in a pipe
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
22
Observation
Area of the collecting tank = 0.125 m2
Diameter of the pipe containing valves and bends = 27 mm
Manometer Time taken Actual
Valve
Type of fitting reading, H for 15 cm Discharge, Qact
Opening
(mm) rise, t (s) (m3/s)
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
100% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
70% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
40% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
23
Calculations
24
25
Result
Valve Head Loss Loss coefficient
Type of fitting
opening (m) K
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
100% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
70% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
Non return valve
Gate Valve
Wheel Valve
90 Long Bend
40% 90 short bend
45 Long Bend
135 Short Bend
Sudden contraction (27mm 15 mm)
Sudden expansion (15mm 27 mm)
Discussion
26
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
27
Experiment No. 6 Date:
6. Determination of losses in pipes connected in series and in
parallel
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
28
Observation
Area of the collecting tank: 0.1 m2
Diameters of pipes: 27 mm, 21 mm and 15 mm
Time taken for 10 cm rise
Valve Opening Manometer reading, H (mm)
of water, t (s)
27 mm 21 mm 15 mm Total
Pipes in series
100 %
70 %
40 %
Pipes in parallel
100 %
70 %
40 %
Calculations
29
30
Result
Valve Resistances to fluid flow
opening R1 (27 mm) R2 (21 mm) R3 (15 mm) R total Req
Pipes in Series R1+R2+R3
100 %
70 %
40 %
Pipes in Parallel
( + + )
100 %
70 %
40 %
Discussion
31
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
32
Experiment No. 7 Date:
7. Impact of Jet on Vanes
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
33
Observation
Angle of the inclined plate = 60
Flow Actual Theoretical Coefficient
Nozzle diameter Actual Force
Vane type rate Force, Fa Force, Ft of Impact,
(mm) (kg)
(LPM) (N) (N) Ci
5
4 10
15
10
15
6
Hemispherical 20
25
10
15
8
20
25
5
4 10
15
10
Flat 15
6
perpendicular 20
Plate 25
10
15
8
20
25
5
4 10
15
10
15
Inclined Plate 6
20
(60 )
25
10
15
8
20
25
34
Calculations
35
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 3
Calculation 3
Viva- Voce 4
Maximum Marks 10
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
36
Experiment No. 8 Date:
8. Determination of co-efficient of discharge of orifice plate
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
37
Observation
Orifice x axis reading (m) y axis reading (m)
Time for
dia
Initial (xi) Final (xf) x (xf-xi) Initial (yi) Final (yf) y (yf-yi) 5cm rise (s)
(mm)
0 0.20
6 0 0.30
0 0.40
0 0.20
8 0 0.30
0 0.40
0 0.20
10 0 0.30
0 0.40
Calculations
38
Tabulation
Orifice
Vact Vthe
dia x (m) y (m) Qact (m3/s) Qthe (m3/s) Cd Cv Cc
(m/s) (m/s)
(mm)
10
39
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
40
Experiment No. 9 Date:
9. Calibration of Rotameter with Venturimeter
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
41
Observation
Manometer Reading Q, Rotameter
Sl No
(mm of Hg) (LPM)
Calculations
42
Tabulation
Calibrated Q,
QR, Rotameter QV, Venturimeter
Sl No Error Rotameter
(m3/s) (m3/s)
(m3/s)
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
43
Experiment No. 10 Date:
10. Calibration of Orifice meter and Nozzle meter with
Rotameter
Aim
Apparatus
Procedure:
44
Observation
Manometer Reading (mm of Hg) Q, Rotameter
Sl No
Orifice meter Nozzle meter (LPM)
Calculations
45
Tabulation
Calibrated Flow rate
Flow rate (m3/s) Error
(m3/s)
Sl
No Q R,
QO, QN, Orifice Nozzle
Rotameter QO-QR QN-QR
Orificemeter Nozzlemeter meter meter
(calibrated)
46
Result
Discussion
Marks Allocation
Particulars Max Marks Marks Secured
Conduction of Experiments 8
Report 9
Viva- Voce 8
Maximum Marks 25
Signature of Staff with Date
Name of the Staff
47
