Popular Electronics

WORLDS LARGEST SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 1981 /$1

For Home Safety: A Toxic Gas Alarm

For Realistic Music: An Audio Peak Extende r
For Better Circuits: VMOS Power Devices

Nerv Ways to Use 8080 Microprocessors

Tested in this Issue:

o Beogram 8000 Turntable
Ti Apple II Plus Personal Computer
140 4278
 Reddy Chirra improves his vision with
an Apple.
Reddy is an optical engineer who's
used to working for big companies and using big
mainframes.
But when he started his own consulting
business, he soon learned how costly mainframe
time can be. So he bought himself a 48K Apple II
Personal Computer.
And, like thousands of other engineers
and scientists, quickly learned the pleasures of
cutting down on shared time and having his
own tamper-proof data base.
His Apple can handle
formulas with up to 80 vari-
ables and test parameters on
250 different optical glasses.
He can even use BASIC, FORTRAN,
Pascal and Assembly languages.
And Apple's HI-RES graphics come in
handy for design.
Reddy looked at other microcomputers, but
chose Apple for its in-depth documentation,
reliability and expandability.
You can get up to 64K RAM in an Apple II.
Up to 128K RAM in our new Apple III. And
there's a whole family of compatible peripherals,
including an IEEE-488 bus for laboratory
instrument control.
Visit your authorized Apple dealer to find
out how far an Apple can go with scientific/
technical applications.
It'll cange the way you see things.

The personal computer.'apple

For the authorized dealer nearest you, call (800) 538 -9696. In California, call 1800) 662 -9238. Or write: Apple Computer Inc., 10260 Bandley Dr., Cupertino, CA 95014-

CIRCLE NO. 6 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 SEPTEMBER 1981 VOLUME 19, NUMBER 9

Project Popular Electronics

Your Feature Articles
WORLDS LARGEST SEI LING EL ECTRONICS MAGAZINE

Stereo DESIGNING WITH THE 8080 PROCESSOR Randy Carlstrom

Part l The Basic System
THE VMOS POWER FET /Gary McClellan
57

61

System
How it can be used to simplify circuits and reduce cost
SUCCESSFUL SOLDERING /John D Borneman _ 67
Tips on materials, tools, and techniques
SIMPLE DISPLAY AND OPERATING PROGRAM FOR THE EXPANDED ELF Jack Dollhausen 84
Permits easy machine -language input to an 1802 -based system
1110116. Construction Articles
NEU PEAK UNLIMITER AUDIO DYNAMIC RANGE PROCESSOR John
Extends compressed peaks in recorded music.
Sutton 75
he S(:-2... stylus
Cam SY11M:m
AN ALARM FOR TOXIC GASES /Cass Lewart 79
Detects low concentrations of dangerous air pollutants
SINGLE-LED ANALOG METER /David Leithauser 81
Complete LED changes "color" with input voltage.

Equipment Reviews
BANG 8 OLUFSEN BEOGRAM MODEL 8000 TURNTABLE 21
SAMPO MODEL 9519 19 COLOR TV RECEIVER 27
SENCORE MODEL SC60 WIDEBANDER DUAL TRACE OSCILLOSCOPE 31
APPLE II PLUS PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEM __ 39
Columns
ENTERTAINMENT ELECTRONICS Ivan Berger 14
Video Accessories from the Camera Store
COMPUTER BITS /Carl Warren 45
High -End Systems (for Low-End Buyers).
COMPUTER SOURCES Leslie Solomon 47
and Maintain HOBBY SCENE 'John J. McVeigh
SOLID -STATE DEVELOPMENTS /Forrest M. Mims
83
86
Its Sound
The Billion Transistor Chip?
EXPERIMENTER'S CORNER, Forrest M. Mims 90
Experimenting with an Air Pressure Switch.

-
DX LISTENING /Glenn Hauser 96
Strikes Disrupt International Broadcasting
PROJECT OF THE MONTH /Forrest M. Mims 104
Precision CMOS Clock Generator

Departments
EDITORIAL /Art Salsberg 4
LETTERS 8
NEW PRODUCTS _ 10
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES 98
ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 99
NEW LITERATURE 100
OPERATION ASSIST 102
ADVERTISERS INDEX 121
PERSONAL ELECTRONICS NEWS 122
For a free copy of our Guide to COVER PHOTO BY FRED BURRELL Copyright m 1981
Record Care write to Discwasher COPYRIGHT c 1981 BY ZIFF.DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. All rights reserved. Popular Electronics (ISSN 00324185) Septem.
ber 1981, Volume 19, Number 9. Published monthly by Zif.Davie Publishing Co.. at One Park Ave., New York. NV 10016. Richard
P. Friese. President; Selwyn Taubman, Treasurer. Bertram A. Abrams, Secretary. One year subscription rate for U.S. and Posses-

discwasher
PRODUCTS TO CARE FOR YOUR MUSIC
sions, $15.00; Canada, 520 00. all other countries. 523.00 (cash orders only. payable n U.S. currency). Second Class Postage
Paid at New York, N.Y. 10016 and at additional mailing offices. Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office Dept.. Ottawa.
Canada. and for payment of postage in cash POPULAR ELECTRONICS including ELECTRONICS WORLD. Trade Mark Registered.
Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. ZiM -Davie also publishes Boating. Car and Driver. Cycle. Flying, Popular
1407 North Providence Road. Photography, Skiing. Stereo Review. Electronic Experimenter's Handbook, and Tape Recording & Buying Guide Forme 3579 and
Columbia. MO 65201 USA all Subscription Correspondence: POPULAR ELECTRONICS. Crculehon Dept. P.O. Boa 2774. Boulder. CO 80302 Please allow
at least eight weeks for change of address. enclosing. if possible, an address label front a recent issue Permissions. Material in
A DIVISION OF JENSEN an ESMARK Company this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Requests for permission should be directed to John Bab
cock. Rights and Permissions. Zitt-Dews Publishing Co One Perk Ave.. New York, NY 10016.
,

CIRCLE 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD

POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 "My computer helped me write
The Final Encyclopedia. I wouldn't trust
anything less than Scotch Brand Diskettes
to make a long story short:'
Gordon R. Dickson,
Science Fiction Author,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Gordon Dickson: a small business-
man whose product is his own
imagination. He's written more than
40 novels and 150 short stories;
his newest work is The Final
Encyclopedia. He uses his personal
computer and word processing
software to maximize his production.
All his words -his product -
are stored on diskettes. He calls up
sentences and paragraphs on
demand, and gets more rewrite out
of the time available. So he depends
on Scotch diskettes to save himself
production time.
Dependable Scotch media can
work just as hard for you. Each
Scotch diskette is tested before it
leaves our factory, and certified
error -free. So you can expect it to
perform exactly right.
Scotch 8" and 51/4" diskettes are
compatible with computer /diskette
systems like TRS -80, Apple, PET,
Wang and many others. Get them
from your local 3M distributor. For
the one nearest you, call toll -free:
800/328 -1300. (In Minnesota, call
collect: 612/736- 9625.) Ask for the
Data Recording Products Division.
In Canada, contact 3M Canada,
Inc., Ontario.
If it's worth remembering,
it's worth Scotch
Data Recording Products.

C art by Michael Whea :n. c rtesy olAce Publishing Co.

3M Hears You...

SEPTEMBER 1981
CIRCLE NO. 54 ON FREE INFORMA rION CARD
3M 3

www.americanradiohistory.com
 EDI10121AL
COMPUTER LITERACY

". . an essential outcome of con-

.
tion. Much of the equipment bought then professor at the Massachusetts Institute
temporary education is computer litera- now gathers dust in storerooms. We of Technology, proposes that a child en-
cy."- Mathematics Teacher, May '78. cannot allow this to happen again, of tering school be issued a microcomput-
More than three years after the above course. Nonetheless, to prepare stu- er for school and home use. Nice
statement was published, the outcome dents today for the computerized socie- thought, but in an age where even pen-
is not as positive as one might wish, ty they will face in the future will doubt- cils are at a premium, this is unlikely to
though some progress has been made lessly require governmental assistance. happen. He also observes that comput-
toward the goal. Attitudinally, few Along these lines, there have been er teaching to date has been unimagina-
people today seriously question the bills in Congress to establish a national tive and simply mimics traditionally defi-
need for computer literacy in the upcom- commission to study information tech- cient teaching methods. He points out a
ing generation of adults in the U.S. And nology, another to amend Title Ill of the more innovative method used by the MIT
more and more computers are being pur- Elementary and Secondary Education Children's Learning Lab. Here a child is
chased by educational institutions for Act of 1965 to establish a National Cen- taught a computer language, LOGO,
student -related activities as well as for ter for Personal Computers in Education, with which he interacts to solve a math
nonteaching purposes. But only 15 per- and a bill to be reintroduced for federal problem or learn a new word.
cent of all U.S. public schools use com- funds to establish an information clear- So the problems of adding a fourth
puters for the foregoing activities, ac- ing house to encourage computer use in "R" to pre -college education are not
cording to a recent survey by the Nation- school systems. without challenge. But if we don't em-
al Institute of Education. Other countries are addressing the bark on developing a computer-literate
Before great strides can be made to educational challenge to prepare stu- population in earnest, our economic po-
develop computer literacy through dents for a computerized society. sition will deteriorate as time passes.
school programs, there must be satis- France has a government- funded five - Furthermore, academically disadvan-
factory answers to a series of questions. year plan started in 1978 to have a taged students will fall behind in the new
Where does the money come from? For microcomputer in each of its 7,200 sec- industrial revolution that we're in right
equipment. For software and related ondary schools to train teachers and now because more affluent students will
computer material. For development of students in the use of one. Japan, too, surely own their own micro just as they
effective curricula. For teacher training. has embarked on a funded program for own hi -fi stereo components.
We know that government funding for developing computer- assisted instruc-
educational material is harder to come tion, though programming in Kanji -Kana
by than in the past. Certainly, a bad is much more complicated than with our
taste remains from the halcyon days of alphabetic language.
easy federal and state money for educa- Interestingly, Seymour Papert, a math

Editorial and Executive Offices Ziff -Davis

Popular Electronics One Park Avenue
New York, Nov York I(X)16
Publishing
Richard P. Friese
Albert S. Traina
( ompanr
President
President, Consumer
JOE MISICS 212 725 -35(X)
PuhA,her Magazine Division
Publisher
Furman Hebb Executive Vice President
ARTHUR P. SALSBERG
trhrn,tl Uve, tar iac Mcsics Phillip T. Heffernan Senior Vice
212 725 -3568 Sidney Holtz Presidents
HAROLD A. RODGERS Edward D. Muhlfeld
1 ri.rnv tdrt,v New York Office Philip Sine
LESLIE SOLOMON Advertising Manager: Robert Bavier Vice Presidents
hn,rl td,rr Richard Govatski (725 -7460)
Baird Davis
JOHN R. RIGGS Edgar Vs Hopper
lfur uen,e hdrr.,r Eastern Advertising Manager
George Morrissey
EDWARD I. BUXBAUM Bonnie B. Kaiser (725 -3580)
4r, Dire, h, Richard B. Eicher (725 -3578) Selwyn Taubman Treasurer
Bertram A. Abrams Secretary
JOHN J. McVEIGH Midwestern Office
1et hn,,uI Lehrar
Suite 1400. 180 1 Michigan Ave..
DAVID M. WEBEI Editorial correspondence: POPLLAR ELECTRONICS, Park
Chicago. II. 60601 312 346- 26(X))
tdur
I

f,at dre,
Sales_ Ted Welch
1

Ave_ New Nark. \Y 10016. Editorial ountributions must be accom-

panied by return postage and will be handled with reasonable care:
ANDRE DUZANT
I, frni ul /Ninrnu r Western Representative
however. publisher assumes no responsibility for return or safety of
manuscripts, art work, or models submitted.
CARMEN ROBLES Norman S. Schindler & Associates, Inc.
Pn.darnn I i/liar 7050Owensmouth Ave., #209
The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary rights which
JEFF NEWMAN Canoga Park, CA 91303 (21 3 999 -1414) will be violated by the making or using of any items disclosed in this
P,l tarrUl Sales: Norm Schindler. Jon Marshall issue

4
onirih utrnt h &t,tr,
(
Carl Warren, Stan Prentiss
Glenn Hausar, Julian Hirsch, Forrest Mims
MARIE MAESTRI
t ,<,an,r qnrunr
Representation In Japan
James Yagi
Oji Palace Aoyama
6 -25, Minami Aoyama. 6 Choute, Minato-Ku
Tokyo, Japan (407 -1930/6821, 582 -2851)
Member Audi Bureau
of Crcuiatro,ls
0
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 thermocouple, the D 8tk delivers fully-
"No one else We've got great news for people
who've born holding out for a high compersated readings in C from
gives you quality, high performance DMM at a -20 C to + I265`C, for checking
as many moderate price: Fluke's new n_ne- heating and refrigeration systems.
Peak hold feature captures
functions in function model D 804 is now available
at select eectronics supply stores. transients: A short-tern memory in
a handheld With a suggested U.S. price of only the D804 captures and holds the peak
$249 and -eatures you won't find in any reading of a motor starting current.
DMM. other handheld DMM, the D804 is an And more: 0.1% basic dc accuracy,
exceptional value. Here's why. conductance, 26 measurement ranges,
Now you can Logic level and continuity battery, safetydesigned test leads and a
move up to testing: A real time-saver for one year parts and labor warranty. A
troubleshooting passive circuits in pcb's, full line of accessories is also available
Fluke:' cables, relay panels and the like. The to extend the measurement capabilities
D804 has a switch -selectable audible of your DMM.
tone and visual symbols to indicate Ask your dealer abcut the
continuity ur logic levels. powerfu:, versatile D804 and the rest of
Direct temperature readings in Fluke's new Series D line of low-cost.
C: Used with any K-type digital multi_neters.

* ,
.owa mow

*Suggested U.S. list price

For technical data circle no.
If your dealer doesn't carry Series D
Multimeters yet, call this number. We'll be FLUKE
.
i iP il o III `I
 TWELVE STRONG
HEATH /ZENITH YOUR
Pick a strong partner 6. Utility Software
A computer purchase is the beginning of a long term
Expand the performance range of your computer with
a broad selection of utility tools, including the best of
partnership between you and the people you buy from.
Your ongoing need for software and accessories re- Digital Research and the complete line of innovative
quires a partner who will stand by you with a growing Softstuff products.
line of products. And nowhere will you find a more com-
plete line of hardware, software and accessories than 7. Disk Systems
at your Heathkit Electronic Center. Here are twelve The 8 -inch Heath /Zenith 47
strong reasons to make Heath /Zenith your partner. Dual Disk System adds over 2
megabytes of storage to your
1. The All -In -One Computer 89 Computer. Diskettes are
The heart of the Heath /Zenith line is the stand -alone standard IBM 3740 format, double- sided,
89 Computer. It's a complete system with built -in 51/4 -inch double- density.
floppy disk drive, professional keyboard and keypad, The 51/4 -inch 87 Dual Disk System adds
smart video terminal, two Z80 microprocessors, and 200K bytes of storage to your 89. Both
two RS -232C serial I/O ports. It comes with 16K RAM, disk systems feature read /write protec-
expandable to 64K. tion and easy plug -in adaptability.

2. Peripherals 8. Self -Study Courses

These include the popular Heath /Zenith Learn at your own pace
19 Smart Video Terminal, loaded with with Programming
professional features. And the 14 Line Courses that teach you
Printer, priced as low as $495. Other to write and run your own
printer brands are on display, programs in Assembly,
including high- BASIC, Pascal or
speed, typewriter -00 COBOL.
quality printers. A course on Computer Concepts
name
for Small Business gives you
3. Software the understanding to eval-
uate the ways a computer
Word processing, includes reliable, easy -to -use can benefit your business.
Zenith Electronic Typing and powerful, full- featured
WORDSTAR.
Personal Computing is a
complete introduction to
Small Business Programs, feature General Ledger and the fundamentals for the
Inventory Control. novice. Every Heathkit/
HUG, Heath Users' Group, offers members a library of Zenith course is pro-
over 500 low -cost programs for home, work or play. fessionally designed
for easy, step -by-
4. Programming Languages step learning.
For your own custom programs,
Microsoft languages are
available in BASIC (compiler
and interpreter), FORTRAN
and COBOL.

5. Operating Systems
Three versatile systems give you the capability to per-
form your specific tasks.
CP /M by Digital Research makes your system com-
patible with thousands of popular CP /M programs.
UCSD P- System with Pascal is a complete program
development and execution environment.
HDOS, Heath Disk Operating System gives you a All Heath /Zenith
sophisticated, flexible environment for program Computer Products
construction, storage and editing. are available completely
assembled and tested for
commercial use. Or in easy -
to- build, money- saving kits.
6
REASONS TO MAKE
COMPUTER PARTNER
9. Expansion Options Visit Your Heathkit Electronic Center*
where HeathlZenith Products are displayed, sold and serviced.
Communicate with the outside world through a Three -
port EIA RS -232C Serial Interface. PHOENIX, AZ MISSION, KS CLEVELAND, OH
28100 Chagrin Blvd.
2727 W. Indian School Rd. 5960 Lamar Ave.
Expand RAM to 64K with easy -to- install expansion 602 -279 -6247 913- 362-4486 216- 292 -7553
chips. ANAHEIM, CA LOUISVILLE, KY COLUMBUS, OH
330 E. Ball Rd. 12401 Shelbyville Rd. 2500 Morse Rd.
714- 776 -9420 502 -245 -7811 614 -475 -7200

10. Accessories CAMPBELL, CA KENNER, LA

1900 Veterans
TOLEDO, OH
48 S. Byrne Rd.
2350 S. Bascom Ave.
Your Heath kit Electronic Center has the 408 -377 -8920 Memorial Hwy. 419 -537 -1887

latest in modems, black- and -white and EL CERRITO, CA

504 -467 -6321 WOODLAWN, OH
1C133 Springfield Pike
BALTIMORE, MD
color video monitors, computer furniture 6000 Potrero Ave.
1713 E. Joppa Rd. 513- 771 -8850
415 -236 -8870
and a full line of supplies, accessories, books 301- 661 -4446 OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
LA MESA, CA 2727 Northwest
and parts. 8363 Center Dr ROCKVILLE, MD
Expressway
714 -461 -0110
5542 Nicholson Lane
405-848 -7593
301 -881 -5420
11. Service LOS ANGELES, CA
2309 S. Flower St.
PEABODY, MA
FRAZER, PA
630 Lancaster Pike
242 Andover St.
213- 749 -0261 (Rt. 30)
No one stands by you like Heath /Zenith. 617 -531 -9330
215 -647 -5555
POMONA, CA
We help you get your system up and 1555 N. Orange Grove Ave.
WELLESLEY, MA
PHILADELPHIA, PA
165 Worcester Ave.
running smoothly. Service is avail- 714- 623 -3543
617 -237 -1510
6318 Roosevelt Blvd.
215- 288 -0180
able from trained technicians, REDWOOD CITY, CA DETROIT, MI
2001 Middlefield Rd. PITTSBURGH, PA
over the phone or at one of 56 415- 365 -8155
18645 W. Eight Mile Rd. 3482 Wm Penn Hwy.
313- 535 -6480
Heathkit Electronic Centers. SACRAMENTO, CA
412 -824 -3564
E. DETROIT, MI WARWICK, RI
1860 Fulton Ave. 18149 E. Eight Mile Rd.
916- 486 -1575 558 Greenwich Ave.
313 -772 -0416
12. Value WOODLAND HILLS, CA
401 - 738 -5150
HOPKINS, MN DALLAS, TX
Your money buys you more because 22504 Ventura Blvd. 101 Shady Oak Rd. 2715 Ross Ave.
213- 883 -0531 612 -938 -6371
Heath /Zenith prices are among the industry's most DENVER, CO
214- 826 -4053
ST. PAUL, MN HOUSTON, TX
competitive. Make your own comparison and find out 5940 W. 38th Ave. 1645 White Bear Ave. 1704 W. Loop N.
how much you can save. 303 -422 -3408 612 -778 -1211 713 -869 -5263
AVON, CT BRIDGETON, MO SAN ANTONIO, TX
Complete, integrated computer hardware and soft- 395 W. Main St. (Rt. 44) 3794 McKelvey Rd. 7111 Blanco Road
ware, designed to serve you and to grow with you 203 -678 -0323 314 -291 -1850 512- 341 -8876
-
that's what to look for in a strong partner. And HIALEAH, FL
4705 W. 16th Ave.
OMAHA, NE
9207 Maple St.
MIDVALE, UT
58 East 7200 South
with Heath /Zenith you get it all under 305 -823 -2280 402 -391 -2071 801 -566 -4626
one roof. PLANTATION, FL ASBURY PARK, NJ ALEXANDRIA, VA
7173 W. Broward Blvd. 1013 State Hwy. 35 6201 Richmond Hwy.
305- 791 -7300 201 -775 -1231 703- 765 -5515
All at your TAMPA, FL FAIR LAWN, NJ VIRGINIA BEACH, VA
Heathkit Electronic 4019 W. Hillsborough Ave
813- 886-2541
35 -07 Broadway (Rt. 4)
201 -791 -6935
1055 Independence Blvd.
804 -460 -0997
Center ATLANTA, GA AMHERST, NY SEATTLE, WA
5285 Roswell Rd 3476 Sheridan Dr. 505 8th Ave. N.
Pick the store nearest you 404- 252 -4341 716 -835 -3090 206 -682 -2172
from the list at right. And CHICAGO, IL JERICHO, L.I. NY TUKWILA, WA
stop in today for a demon- 3462 -66 W. Devon Ave. 15 Jericho Turnpike 15439 53rd Ave. S.
312- 583 -3920 516- 334 -8181 206 -246 -5358
stration of the Heath /Zenith DOWNERS GROVE, IL ROCHESTER, NY MILWAUKEE, WI
89 Computer System. If you 224 Ogden Ave. 937 Jefferson Rd. 5215 W. Fond du Lac
312 -852 -1304 716 -424 -2560 414- 873 -8250
can't get to a store, send
INDIANAPOLIS, IN N. WHITE PLAINS, NY `Units of Veritechnology
$1.00 for the latest Heathkit 2112 E. 62nd St. 7 Reservoir Rd. Electronics Corporation in
Catalog and the new Zenith 317- 257 -4321 914 -761 -7690 the U.S.
Data Systems Catalog of Prices and specifications subject to change without nonce.
assembled commercial
computers. Write to
Heath Co., Dept. 010-814
Benton Harbor, MI 49022.

HEATH /ZENITH
Your strong partner
7
SEPTEMBER 1981
 THERE'S ACROWD 6

IN YOUR
fl"" %' LIVING ROOM,
ir-; .

...r..
LCflEPS
iv` ',p (
.

14 _yt s E o: ,

l
9

t
t

4 Motorcycle I$eadIght Precautions

Anyone planning to build the "Head-
light Modulator for Cycle Safety" (June
1981) should be aware of the following
restrictions and precautions:
(1) In some states (including Mary-
land), a headlight modulator is illegal
except on emergency vehicles. Check
the requirements with your state's motor
vehicle authorities.
(2) The U.S. Dept. of Transportation
and other agencies have conducted tests
whose results indicate that the modula-
tor may confuse others rather than iden-
tify the motorcycle.
(3) On all recent -model motorcycles
the headlights are turned "on" automat-
ically when the starter is activated. Ad-
AND THE CROWN FM TWO ditional aids to cycle conspicuity are
bright headgear and clothing and reflec-
KNOWS HOW TO HANDLE I. tive items either worn or on the bike.
-R. J. Salehar, Automotive Safety En-
gineer, Maryland Dept. of Transporta-
tion, Glen Burnie, MD.

Technicolor VCR
In the article "A Buyer's Guide: Vid-
eo Cassette Recorders" (July 1981), it
As more FM stations crowd into liant reproduction. Si N 80dB for clean should have been stated that Techni-
your listening room, your music enjoy-
ment may be spoiled by confusing
combinations of signals caused by
output. Stereo separation 60dB @ 1 KHz
for listening excitement.
But specs are only the beginning. The
color does have a tuner (Model 51 12) to
go with its video cassette recorder
whose model number, incidentally, is
-
212. -Dave Gassner. Technicolor, Inc.,
RF intermodulation. Crown FM TWO really "listens" better. Costa Mesa, CA.
The Crown FM TWO has a new cas- You can experience that for yourself at
code J -FET front -end that keeps every your Crown dealer, or ask for a home
signal at its assigned frequency, for trial (available at most dealers). Judge
clear, undisturbed listening no matter Testing Stress
carefully how much more real each sta-
how many FM stations may be on your I read with interest your comments in
tion sounds with the FM TWO.
antenna. the "Entertainment Electronics" col-
Complete information on the FM umn in your June issue concerning the
The FM TWO puts more of the latest TWO, on Crown and on other Crown alleged findings by Dr. Diamond that
turer technology into an attractive, slim - components for home audio systems is digital recordings are "stressful." I
line package. Automatic alignment, in the Crown Information Package. thought you might be interested in the
pse -count digital detection, touch - Send us the coupon and $5 and we'll results of a clinical test wherein another
button tuning and six- station memory send you the complete package of color- one of Dr. Diamond's assertions, namely
wil all enhance the sonic quality of your ful, fact -filled brochures, reprints of that rock music is harmful to health,
system. reviews, technical articles by Crown was tested. The outcome of the test
THD lower than .05 % for bright, bril- people, price and dealer listings. showed that Dr. Diamond's assertions
are based solely on the dubious use of
"BK" muscle testing and are erroneous.
Dr. Greenhill gave an excellent re-
CROWN INTERNATIONAL, Dept. FM view of the poor validity of the "BK"
1718 W. Mishawaka Road. Elkhart. Indiana 46517 testing approach when he explained its
Here's my $5 (outside U.S. and Canada. $8). Send my effects on the basis of expectation, sug-

crown
Crown Information Package. with money -back guarantee. gestion, and just plain poor testing con-
trols. The only likely harm that will
Name come to an individual who listens to dig-
...W-IEN YOURE READY FOR REAL!
ital recordings is that he may enjoy it so
Address
much he misses dinner! -Dr. L.G. Mor-
The Crown Information Package is also available gan, Morgan Chiropractic Clinic, Nam-
City_ State Zip
free from your dealer. If you need a list of Crown _
pa, ID.
deales. use the Reader Service Card number
or call 219.294 -5571. Phone. POPULAR ELECTRONICS
CIRCLE NO 18 ON FRFF iNFni;MPnnw r+on
illegitimate child
Rip -off or spin -off, you've never heard sound like you'll hear from
the headphones you can get for only $5 pictured below. But there's a catch.

It was spawned by Sony. And, it's an sounds better than a theater sized loud ation for often played tapes.
entirely new technology. No more speaker system. MAXELL 'TAPE' IS BETTER
cheap paper speakers and heavy mag- Sony fathered the technology for Yes, honestly, if you own a $1000 cas-
nets. Sound is reproduced with such these headphones and obviously has no sette deck like a Nakamichi, the fre-
clarity and power that it will send shiv- connection to DAK, but the techno- quency responses of Maxell UDXL or
ers up and down your spine. logical heritage will become vividly ap- TDK SA are slightly superior and you
Sony's MDR -3 headphones sell for parent when you compare the sound of just might be able to hear a difference.
about $50, and they've been worth it. these marvelous headphones side by DAK ML has a frequency response
Now you can have DAK's for only $5. side. DAK's come with a full one year that is flat from 40- 14,500hz 3db.
We challenge you to take them to your limited warranty. Virtually all cassette recorders priced
favorite Hi Fi store and compare them THE CATCH under $600 are flat 3db from 40hz to
to Sony's. But there are 2 things you Thing two. Frankly we are losing our about 12,500hz, so we have over
ought to know. shirts on the headphones, but we're 2000hz to spare, and you'll probably
Thing One. If you can hear a differ- taking a gamble because we want you to never notice the difference.
ence, any difference at all, not only can try our audio cassettes. No apology. We feel that we have
you return them and get your money In order to get the $50 value pair of equaled or exceeded the mechanical
back, but we'll also give you a free gift featherweight headphones for only $5, reliability of virtually all cassettes and
for your trouble. we want you to try 10 DAK High offer one of the best frequency respon-
YOU'VE BEEN THERE BEFORE Energy, Normal Bias 90 minute casset- ses in the industry.
You may already be familiar with the tes for only $2.19 each. TRY DAK ML90 CASSETTES
sound produced by these headphones. If DAK's price is less than half the price RISK FREE
you've ever sat in the very front row of the competition, and each cassette Try these high energy cassettes and the
during a symphony concert, or right in comes with a deluxe index insert card, featherweight headphones in your own
the middle of a live jazz band, you a box and a one year guarantee. home for 30 days. If you aren't 100%
know the spine tingling thrill of the full You're very valuable to us in the form satisfied for any reason, return only 9 of
rich sound that envelops you. of future business. DAK has excited the 10 cassettes and the headphones for
If you sit even 10 rows back, you lose over 80,000 of you valuable customers a courteous refund. The 10th cassette is
the feeling. You still listen to the music, with special bonuses like the head- a gift from DAK for your time.
but you can't touch or taste the sound. phones. We find most of you keep buy- To order your 10 DAK ML 90 minute
It's only when you sit right up front ing once you try our cassettes and our high energy cassettes at $2.19 each and
that the sound is alive with electricity. prices; and that's a gamble worth taking. get the headphones for only $5 with
It's the same sound you get with Sony's NOT A BAD CATCH your credit card, call the DAK to!I free
MDR -3s and DAK's $5 stereophones. DAK manufactures a cassette that you number below, or send your check for
ILLEGITIMATE CHILD can really forget about. Great sound, only $21.90 for the tapes, plus $5 for
Not recognized by law as a lawful offspring. and no problems. the headphones, and $3 for postage and
The technology is new. Up until the We make mostly industrial cassettes handling for each group. Order No 9186
Sony featherweight headphones were for high speed duplication. We've devel- (CA residents please add 6% sales tax).
introduced, most headphones were sim- oped special jam proof cassette. It
a Why not order an extra group of 10
ply uncomfortable miniature speaker uses a spring tension liner within the DAK ML90 cassettes. We will add one
systems that you wore on your ears. cassette that guides the tape as it winds. free ML90 cassette to each additional
The Sony breakthrough was made pos- We coat these liners with a new chem- group you buy and of course you can
sible by changing the cheap paper speak- ical called Molysulfide which drastically get a headphone for $5 with each group.
er cones to mylar diaphragms, and by reduces friction within the cassette.
using the powerful rare earth magnet Hi Frequency Protection! As tape
Samarium to move the diaphragms. moves within the cassette friction causes DA K
The mylar diaphragms are much more the build up of static electricity. Static INDUSTRIES
accurate than paper and have a drastical- electricity is drastically reduced by the INCORPORATED
ly improved dynamic range. The result low friction of the Molysulfide and so Call TOLL -FREE (800) 423 -2636
is a headphone that weighs less than 2 is its tendency to erase very high fre- In California Call (213) 984 -1559
ounces and yet produces 20- 20,000hz quencies. A very important consider- 10845 Vanowen St., North Hollywood, CA 91605
CIRCLE 19 ON READER SERVICE CARD
 Subwoofer Kit From Heath

The AS -1320 has an 8 -ohm, 15 -inch, long -throw driver with 2-

inch, four -layer voice coil in a vented enclosure. A 6 -inch tuned
vent is loaded into the floor. Frequency response is rated as 22 to
500 Hz 3 dB, while overall frequency range is claimed to be
Additional information on new products 15 to 750 Hz. Amplifier power of at least 30 watts is necessary
covered in this section is available from the to ensure adequate listening levels without clipping. The AS-
manufacturers. Either circle the item's code 1320 requires either the Heathkit ASA- 1320 -1 Passive Cross-
number on the Free Information Card over ($45), or the Heathkit AD -1702 Electronic Crossover
or write to the manufacturer at the ($195). Subwoofer measures 64.5" H x 21.5" W x 17" D. A
address given. removable panel allows for future expansion to a full -range sys-
tem. $300.
CIRCLE NO. 90 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

Hand -Held Computer

a 9 -volt battery or an optional ac adapter. ters that respond to the signal after it has
C-+2F' 1.2'45r'. :__ a1,
With a maximum specified range of 50 been equalized for recording. An electron-
ic tape- motion sensor stops the transport
OCICO0I=1oBOOM if a cassette jams or spills. Bias/equaliza-
0IIElts7. inIDOD0OOOt3ti! tion settings are provided for ferric, fer -
0 0 O1131:3tE3 0OOC9 richrome, chrome, and metal tape types;
omoO00 and a fifth setting will sense the bias /eq
0 CIt0000 CIO OOO automatically for precoded tapes. $300.
CIRCLE NO. 92 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Casio's FX -702P hand -held computer has
an alphanumeric keyboard, and uses BA-
SIC as its programming language. It has a
wow
memory capacity of 1,680 steps (26 vari- Linear Tracking Cartridge
ables). The unit can interface with a
printer, and is capable of accepting a miles, the receiver is said to be effective
ROM package to expand programming anywhere in the United States. $24.95.
capacity. It can also transfer programs CIRCLE NO. 91 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
directly to a cassette recorder. $249.95.
CIRCLE NO. 88 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

Audio Cassette Deck

Weather Radio Receiver
Radio Shack has announced a new three - Shure has introduced a version of its V -15
channel weather broadcast receiver. Mod- Type IV cartridge designed to fit the
el 12 -152 allows instant station selection Technics SL- Series linear -tracking turn-
with a three -position switch. Each posi- tables. The V15 LT has a hyperelliptical
tion is crystal -tuned to one of the three vhf The Model 814 cassette deck from Dual stylus and can be used with other linear -
FM stations used by the NOAA: 162.550, features a Direct Lock and Load system tracking or single -pivot tonearms via an
162.475, or 162.400 MHz. A telescoping that eliminates the usual door between adapter. Using a cantilever bearing inde-
antenna is attached. Power is provided by user and cassette. Also featured are me- pendently optimized for low and high fre-
quencies, the unit provides a frequency
response that extends from 10 to 25,000
Hz, with a channel balance of 2 dB.
Output voltage is 4.0 mV per channel for
Portable TV with Built-in VCR 5 cm /s recorded velocity at kHz; op-
1

timum load per channel is 47 kit (70 k12

maximum) in parallel with 200 to 300 pF
Called "Video Showcase," the unit meas-
capacitance. Inductance is 500 mH; dc
ures 18" x 13" x 81/2 ", weighs about 20 lb,
resistance, 1380 O. Net weight, 6 g. $130.
and has a 7.7" color picture tube. The
CIRCLE NO. 93 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
VCR uses 1/4" video tape in two -ounce
cassettes that play /record for 45 minutes.
Tapes can be recorded either with a Tech-
nicolor video camera (in the 1/4" format)
or with a standard -format camera via an
adapter. The VCR has a memory counter,
Combination
slow-motion, freeze- frame, and sound - Pulse/Function
dubbing. Another adapter permits tapes Generator
in any format to be recorded on or from
the Technicolor cassette. Operates from Model 524 from Exact Electronics com-
ac or car /boat battery systems. $1725 bines a pulse generator with a function
Technicolor Inc. has unveiled a television with vhf /uhf tuner; $1595 less tuner. generator in one enclosure. The function
receiver that is integrated with a VCR. CIRCLE NO. 89 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD generator offers sine, square, and triangle
waves with variable symmetry, trigger
10 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 PRICE BREAK

Steal
One
The Bone Fone was a big success
at $69.95. Can you imagine the
success at $49.95?
This photograph appeared in millions of pages
of print promoting the Bone Fone at $69.95.
Will its new price cause a sellout?

It was a hit. The Bone Fone was one of our certain extent dangerous because they block even just plain relax and listen to good music.
best -selling products when we introduced it in out the sounds around you -some of which Then decide within 30 days if you want to
the fall of 1979. could be warning you of danger. keep it. If you do, you'll own one of the finest
And like all successful products, it soon PERFECTLY SAFE ideas in AM /FM stereo radios since the radio
made its way into retail stores too. Over With the Bone Fone, not only can you hear became portable. If not, no problem. Return
100,000 of the unusual stereo radios were beautiful music, but you can hear a car turning your unit and we'll send you a prompt and
sold and worn by joggers, sports spectators or a corner or a person shouting. Earphones
courteous refund plus your $3.00 for postage
just plain music lovers. But then the story of the isolate you from the world around you. and handling.
Bone Fone took an unusual twist. But to Soon the earphone cassette players started
Your unit comes complete with straps for
understand the twist, you first have to under- to multiply like rabbits. Prices started to drop, wearing while you jog or run, complete instruc-
stand the Bone Fone. plunging all the way to $69.95 and putting tions and a 90 -day limited warranty. Service
UNDERSTANDING THE THING tremendous pressure on the relatively new should never be required but if it is, Bone Fone
and JS &A maintain their own service organi-
The Bone Fone is an AM /FM radio that Bone Fone stereo.
zation. JS &A is America's premiere electron-
drapes around your neck like a scarf. Special But the death blow really came when the
ics mail order company and a champion
speakers, located near your ears, not only play super small headphones went into major
against the bureaucratic forces of the FTC.
the music but they also vibrate. The vibrations production and manufacturers in Hong Kong
are picked up by your bones. The sound started producing a headphone AM /FM radio To order, simply send your check for $49.95
sensation will amaze you and continues to to sell for only $49.95. Now the pressure was plus $3.00 for postage and handling per ship-
amaze the thousands who wear it today. really on Bone Fone. Sales slowed and the ment (Illinois residents add 6% sa'es tax).
A lady in Helena, Montana who bought the competition was being felt. Where to now?
That's right -no matter how many Bore Fones
unit for her son told us, "It's made a significant you order, the cost for postage and handling is
BIG PROBLEMS APPEAR only $3.00. So order enough of them while our
contribution to my sanity. No more rock n' roll Bone Fone Corporation couldn't afford to
blasting through the house. The sound goes drop its price. The Bone Fone is built like an supply of units lasts. (We have plenty, so don't
where my son goes." worry.) We'll send your Bone Fones complete
expensive AM /FM stereo receiver. It also has with batteries, instructions and 90 -day limited
A jogger in Rowlett, Texas wrote us, "Amaz- an inner sleeve to protect its electronics from
warranty.
ing separation, fantastic stereo response moisture and a blue Lycra outer sleeve to give
helps my jogging tremendously. wasn't really it its distinctive appearance. Bone Fone Cor-
I
Thanks to the efficiencies of mail order and
expecting this type of quality through a poration was stuck. They couldn't lower their Bone Fone's problems, JS &A is once again
magazine ad at this price." offering a great product at a great new value.
price, and the public was not buying the Bone Order your genuine Bone Fone stereo at no
One of the most unexpected letters came Fone at $69.95. Enter JS &A.
from a man in Belle Center, Ohio. "You don't obligation, today.
JS &A made a large purchase directly from
have to be young and jog to enjoy Bone Fone. Bone Fone Corporation and can still sell the
You see, I'm 73 years old. just sit and listen." product to the consumer at the lowest possible
I

STORY TAKES TWIST price while still making a small but reasonable
What made the Bone Fone particularly profit.
appealing was both its portability and the fact In fact, the important role that mail order
that it did not disturb those nearby. Even more companies can indeed play is clear from this
important (and here's where our story takes example. JS&A took most of the current inven-
the twist), it didn't require headphones. tory of Bone Fones, and we're ready to offer
o PRODUCTS
With today's super lightweight headphones, them at the low price of $49.95. THAT
you might think, "So what. Headphones are TRY IT FOR 30 DAYS
not a disadvantage." Bone Fone felt that Order a Bone Fone stereo by sending in
THINK
headphones were indeed a disadvantage. your check or charging it on your credit card Dept.PE One JS &A Plaza
After awhile, headphones feel uncomfort- account. When you receive it, try it out. Put it Northbrook, III. 60062 (312) 564 -7000
able to the wearer. It's difficult to jog or do any over your shoulders. See how light it feels and Call TOLL -FREE 800 228 -5000
strenuous outside activity with headphones. how incredible the music sounds. Attach it to In Nebraska Call 800 323-6400
And finally and most importantly, they are to a your body with its strap. Jog, walk your dog, or JS &A Group, Inc.,1981
 new products
and gate operation, and output levels up to
30 V P -P. Operating from 0.001 Hz to 20
MHz attenuated in 80 -dB steps, the fre-
quency /period dial has 10 -turn and 3- Portable FM Stereo Radio
decade single -turn modes. Also included
are variable dc offset, voltage -controlled Weighing less than 1 lb, the Model 7-
1000 is General Electric's entry into the
portable FM stereo market (it also plays
AM). Features include vernier tuning, left
and right channel controls, a LED FM
stereo indicator, and built -in afc. The
headphone cord serves as the antenna, and
there is an additional headphone jack. A
ferrite magnet with a rated impedance of
32 ohms drives the headphone speakers.
Headphone weight is 2 oz. The 7 -1000
operates on 3 AA batteries, or on ac with
an optional 4.5 -V converter. Dimensions
are 41/2 "H X 31/8 "W X 11/4 "D. $74.95.
frequency input, and sync output. A sepa-
rate pulse -generator section provides sin- CIRCLE NO. 97 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

gle, double, and delayed pulses over a fre-

quency range from 0.001 Hz to 50 MHz. and spikes from power lines, heavy ma- microprocessors. Applications include ac-
The period can be adjusted from 20 ns to chinery, and lightning. Called the Super cess control, process control, and "speech -
1000 s. Pulse width and delay are adjust- Isolator (Model 150 -3), the unit offers 3 to- touch" assistance for the profoundly
able from IO ns to IO ms. Simultaneous dual -balanced pi- filtered ac sockets. Each deaf and deaf /blind. $389. Address: Co-
outputs from five connectors give TEL, socket individually handles up to kW.
FCL,T
1 as well as pulse output
from the main amplifier. Pulse baseline is
Total capacity is 1875 W. $94.95. Ad-
1 vox Co., Box 2342, Santa Maria, CA
93455.
dress: Electronic Specialists, Inc., 171 S.
set from zero to 15 V, with 80 dB of Main St., Natick, MA 01760.
attenuation provided in 10 -dB steps. Pulse CIRCLE NO. 96 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Sonic Localizer
rise and fall times are rated: 2 ns at the
ECL outputs, 7 ns at the TTL outputs, 15 ns
or less at the main putput. $1195.
CIRCLE NO. 94 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Voice Recognition
System
Video Pollution Control

A signal processor said to improve stereo

imaging has been introduced by Phase
Linear. The Model 180 Dimensional
The Covox Model I voice controller is said Sonic Localizer (DSL) is designed for ei-
to be capable of recognizing the spoken ther headphones or loudspeakers, connect-
phrases, "di ', "dah ", and long "dah" ing to a preamp or receiver via the tape -
when voiced in Morse, Binary, or RTTY monitor loop. The DSL can also operate
code. The system, it is claimed, can pick on a mono signal, producing a synthetic
out a human voice in extraneous noise ten stereo effect. Without the time -delay cir-
times louder than the voice itself. Not a cuit, THD at 0.5 -V output (20 to 20,000
complete speech recognizer, the Model I Hz) is 0.009%; IM is 0.004 %. Other spec-
Electronics Specialists has announced a can be programmed to recognize 16 ifications: S /N, 83 dB up to 0.5 -V output;
device said to eliminate the video flashes Morse -encoded words in its stand -alone input level, 150 mV rms; input imped-
and picture jitter associated with noise mode, or can interface with one or more ance, 20 kS2; maximum output voltage, IO
V rms into 10 kO. $149.95.
CIRCLE NO. 98 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

4 1/2-Digit Hand -Held DIM

Lexan -Shell
Data Precision's new Model 945 is a por- and 700 V ac in 5 ranges, both with a reso-
table 41/2-digit LCD multimeter. It meas- lution of IO AV. Resistance, in 6 ranges, is Audio Cassettes
ures dc and ac voltages up to 1000 V dc measured from 200 S1, with 10 -MS2 resolu-
tion, to 20 MU. Five ranges of do and ac The Loranger Manufacturing Co. has en-
current are measured from 10 nA to 2 A. tered the consumer audio cassette tape
Basic resistance -measuring accuracy is market with chrome and ferric -oxide for-
said to be 0.08 %; the claim for dc meas- mulations packaged in Lexan shells. Mar-
urement is 0.015% basic accuracy, while keted under the name, Loran, cost is re-
ac is said to be accurate to 0.5 %. The ported to be $1 to $2 higher than current
Model 945 offers a constant -current top -of- the -line cassettes. Frequency re-
source for resistance measurements, per- sponse for the high -bias tape is given as
mitting a direct display of voltage drop -11.5 dB at 15.5 Hz and a 0 -dB record-
across a load. Powered by a 9 -volt battery, ing level. Without Dolby, dynamic range
the unit weighs 13 oz. $265. is 62 dB (S /N 56 dB); with a sensitivity of
CIRCLE NO. 95 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 0.5 dB.
CIRCLE NO. 99 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

12 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 NEW PRODUCT

Fresh Air
Bubble
Surround your body or your work place with
ion -controlled fresh air in America's first
bipolar electrostatic home precipitator.

The unit measures only 2" x 4 "x 7" and its

black appearance will fit into most decor.

can be found in polluted environments, air balanced amount of negative ions to create a
conditioned office buildings and in automo- controlled ion environment. One emitter
There's a danger. And this invisible menace biles. Many scientists believe that positive produces negative ions and the other controls
will affect nearly everybody reading this ad. ions make you feel moody, depressed, irrita- and shapes those ions to create an ion bubble.
The danger is pollution - but not the ordinary ble and restless. A negative ion generator The end result is a unit which leaves just the
kind. In fact, ten years ago, we didn't have this cancels out the positive ions and fills the air right amount of negative ions in a large room,
new kind of pollution. Let us explain. with negative ions. attracts the pollution particles and deposits
Ten years ago, cars didn't have catalytic AN EXPERIMENT them on a washable collector plate while keep-
converters. Today, these catalytic converters When you blow smoke into an inverted glass ing your floors and walls free of dirt. You're
"grind up" the car exhaust into particles so bowl and put it over an ion generator, the actually placed in a fresh air bubble while you
small they form micron soot, and micron soot smoke immediately vanishes. Or if you place work, sleep or relax and with no uncomfortable
is so fine, it can be easily absorbed into your the ion generator in an odor -filled room, the electrostatic charge.
lungs. Even the EPA has stated, "Because it is room soon smells fresh. I urge you to try the JS&A ion generator in
so fine, such soot particles stay longer and It was these experiments that really con- your home or office for 30 days. Put one on
cause more damage in the respiratory tract." vinced the public that the JS &A ion generator your desk or in any smoke -filled room. Notice
Ten years ago, homes were able to was a valuable new home appliance. Soon the the refreshing difference in your work environ-
"breathe" or exchange air between the out- market was flooded with competitive ion gen- ment. Take it home and plug it in next to your
doors and indoors four or five times a day. erators. Many were not as efficient as JS &A's bed. Chances are, you'll want to buy another
Today, with our well -insulated energy-consci- first model. Some emitted very few ions and one before our 30 -day trial period ends.
ous buildings our homes literally create and one actually emitted dangerous levels of SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
trap pollution that we breathe unwittingly. ozone. JS &A conducted independent labor- But if you are not pleased with your unit for
OTHER PROBLEMS atory tests and publicized the results which any reason whatsoever, please return it within
There are other problems too. Add the daily showed that JS &A's unit was indeed the best. 30 days and we'll send you a prompt and
soot, dust, smoke and other impurities in the courteous refund including your $4.00 post-
air and you've created pollution problems age and handling. JS &A is America's premiere
even worse than they were ten years ago -so electronics company -a substantial organi-
bad in fact that environmental groups are zation that guarantees your satisfaction.
especially concerned over this new "time To order, send your check for $89.95 plus
bomb" lurking in our environment. $4.00 postage and handling (Illinois residents
But American ingenuity hasn't been sitting please add 6% sales tax) or credit card buyers
still. A rash of small devices containing char- may call our toll -free service line below.
coal filters with fans and selling for around $30 We'll send you the JS&A ion generator
have literally flooded the market. The problem complete with instructions and a 90-day limit-
is that these devices only remove particles 5 ed warranty. Then plug it in and leave it run all
microns or larger. Today's micron soot is one day and night. The cost to run the unit is only a
micron or smaller. Cigarette smoke for exam- few cents per day.
ple is 2 to 3 microns or smaller. You can easily remove and wash or simply The era of the ion generator as a standard
70,000 UNITS SOLD replace the ion filter after it collects the soot. household appliance is here. Order the
Extra filters are only $1.00 each and should be newest and best unit available at no obligation,
In 1978, JS&A introduced the negative ion replaced or washed once every two months. today.
generator in a national advertising campaign
and sold over 70,000 units. It was a device that That's the history. But like any new tech-
cleaned the air by electrostatically removing nology, there's sure to be improvements. The
particles even smaller than one micron. Hos- first ion generator produced negatively
pital burn centers soon began using com- charged ions which attached themselves to
mercial versions of the negative ion generator. the pollutants and then fell to the ground. You PRODUCTS
ended up with clean, fresh air but also dirty
Removing sub micron particles from the air
rugs and walls. THAT
was very important, but there was also a sur-
prising second benefit. The unit added neg- In winter, the units created electrostatic THINK
atively charged ions to the air. discharges which can be uncomfortable when Dept. PE One JS &A Plaza
We've all felt the effects of negative ions touching a door knob or someone else. Northbrook, Ill. 60062 (312) 564 -7000
after a thunderstorm. When you take a deep CONTROLLED ION ENVIRONMENT Call TOLL -FREE 800 228 -5000
breath, the air smells good and you feel good. So American scientists created an ion In Nebraska Call 800 323 -6400
The opposite is true of positive ions which generator using a bipolar emitter which emits a JS &A Group, Inc.,1981
 "RATED NO.1 FOR
SERVICE & RF,LIABILTY"

THIS MONTH'S
SUPER SPECIALS! CN1ErAINMCNT
NOME SONO EITFIKH01311
G

JVC
F.
HITACHI
V61012
VT-8500
HR -6700 VHS Reca4er..........5799
MAGNAVOX 3210 VHS Secase, 1625
r
.0 -4200 VHS Rec._.11%
VHS Recader.........A99
VHS RecaaW....1$95
TECHNICS
5*5561C3 SAMOS.......
SANSOI
MA6ANR Y-
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SA.10 ]..._ ...::::::::::::::::14.90
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7100 .......................266.90
so-71
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CLEC11CNCS
PANASONIC 9V-1700 VHS Rec... 51040 SONY 37V%6X4 5 .............._......_.....2490 By Ivan Berger
Quasar VR-S01S VHS Recorder...,$595
RCA VET-250 VHS RecordeI......... 1750 TECHNICS 51303 .......................109.90
RCA VET-650 VHS 0ecaae,.........51050 TECHNICS 516202........... 109.90
Video Accessories from the Camera Store
__

SANYO VCR -5000 Nato Recaaer.1725 _...:.:::12490

TECHNICS SUD-303...... ............
SONY 515400 Beta Recorder...... $775 PIONEER -50. ...................16990
SONY 515500 Beta Recaaer ......19025 SONY 00X50 I Trace 1..........3]5.90
ZENITH VR-9000 Belo Reca0er.....1695 DUAL BORS$ I Cart IncIrNIN 1......f 1]0
OAORTTI 0100
l'O)Q117J TIMID 11J001=1111 TECHNICS 65M-205 .............1120
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ARAI GXF90 ..
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ACAMERA is a camera is a cam- work on video cameras. There are at-
PANASONIC PV-3100 VHS Rec ....$795
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TEAC V.9
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CR -110
194.90 era. And, therefore, many of the tachments for straight and fancy color
PANASONIC PV -3200 VHS w/Tuner.1475 FISHER 139.96
SONY SL -3000 Beta Recarawr....... 1650
SONY R- 3000 1unerdmer ................$229
KOMI MAILERS accessories sold at camera stores are as filtering, for fancy optical effects, for
KOSS M-60 Doi V'e 1165/PAP
VIDEO CAMERAS Mode, 20.....
ELECTROVOIC1 Interface
55551995E ACH
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useful for video as for photography. closeups, and to change your lens's focal
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JVC GX -6e comers ....................fe99
PIONEER RPM- 500....
111010 O11PKO0I
109 901E ACH
Take tripods. There are some special length.
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SONY HVCM200 Camera .....1965
SONY MDR-7.49 90
AUD TOOI
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PoP H _
5555 555 120.00
bined with video equipment carts); but,
VIED DISC PLATENS 0115$-1600
12100
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MAGNAVOX V1411000 SOSer0Hc..1599
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SHURE M01ED. 621
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V.15 IV. 99.90 for the most part, any good photo (or, color balance control, which should at
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KV-1207 112 Screen ................. 6349
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1
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AIWA C54.1 CasIFMIStere5Dec ..199.90 ier video pictures. What makes a tripod filters to match day or indoor light. To
1
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good? A lot of factors, some of them
1

XV 1913 19 5c1een I ............... 645

cc

KV- 19460$ 119- Remote .............6569

IV-266501 26 Remote .............1975
1
MURA HI 5TfPPER FMIStereV ....59.90
SONY 1E-4 FM/StOIOH
get weird colors for special effects, you
NOTE ALL COLOR TELEVISION'S SHIPPED
1
SONY WALKMAN $
TOSHIBA
CVStereo 11990
0112 COIIFM/Stereo. ..174.00 mutually contradictory. As a case in might be able to use the same controls
FREIGHT COLLECT ONLY! 'All
....:...:. 5:::::555
UNITS INCLUDE HEADPHONES
.:.::.::.::::::::::... point, heavy tripods are more stable, but (it depends on the camera). But you'd be
light ones are easier to carry. For video better off with filters, since they give
or movie use, the tripod should have a deeper hues and a wider choice of colors,
PIONEER
KP-5500
ROm
124.90
SANYO NNIANK
FT-C2 (9I95
a
Cassette)....................59.90
"pan" head, with separate pan (rotate) and spare you recalibration of the cam-
KP4500
RE 2100 ...
141.90
174.90 C12 ((Grgtp DSproy ....I4.90
and tilt adjustments and a handle that era settings when you want things to
KEXMO
KPJ502 (Eamon Cae).
KP-e000 .............. ... ...
...._.214.90
__..144.90
.__..139.90
FFC1A (Dolby 6 Me1p ?ape)
FI-C13 (D1gal tunrp)..._.....__.
.._l47.90
14.90 extends far enough back to be accessible look normal again.
KPX9500 (Reg Amp)... 176.90
CLARION
11-614 (w/Fast Forward)... 79 95
when your camera is mounted. (Don't Filters made for color photography
KF 5100 ..

CA ORONO DANK
209.90 11.5506
1.751C
((((AUIO R9v /DOCv'
/6 Auto Rev)
.. 169.95
224.95
use a tripod with a ball -joint head.) It's primarily give the effect of changing the
ra.c
KP
01
373
,575 ..
..... .......4.90
... 4.90
PI4
P1955A
A
(
Auto
((P/B
P49565 (EKSCIro
Rev
(5103/ 18995
T79 95 easier to adjust camera height if your color of the light. Though you won't
309 95
KP 500
KP77G rte,Amol
.....131.90
....102.90
PE-959A (Dec a 9995 tripod has an adjustable center "eleva- usually need indoor /day conversion fil-
KPX-600 (Reg Mimi 118 90 BLAUPUNHT tor" section than if you have to adjust all
19.707G .............. .. ........
SOwNK /NKKI,YDAL.
14.90 CRM010.......... 259.00 ters, you may want to try "FL -D" or
AD30..... ..... ...94.90
CR- 3001....
CR-4000
424.90
259.90 three legs; but use the legs to get as close "FL -B" filters to reduce the excess
APSO ..... ....... ..161.90 CR.5001
GA41 2D
CD-s._..
.. ..
..
....... ..
....
106.90
.59.90 MITSUBISHI
339590
as possible to the desired height, so you green of fluorescent light, mild color-
GM...._
011 AT4mS
.. _ ._.4.90 MITSUBISHI
MITSUBISHI
11 69 1
0%-723 Pace,e
. . .4 124.90
1 9.90
can minimize elevator extension. That warming filters to take the "chill" off a
0X-79 Rece,vt...
1X-09 .........
1514 .......
......... .. .133.90 /PAR
MITSUBISHI
MITSUIISHI RX -73 Receiver...
MITSUIISHI C2747 (Reg Amp,
191.90
124.90 way, the camera has a steadier support.
]390 /Pelf, 324.90
T5895.
1513 ...
..
86 90 /PA.
34.90/PAIR
MITSUBISHI CV-23 Eq
MITSUBISHI CV-25
00/30w1124.00
Amp/4C1619.90
Make sure, also, that the tripod can
15107... 39.90/PAIR MITSUBISHI 5G-10 ( 4 ) .............._..2990
MITSUBISHI 5640C Cod. 14501.4.90 stand high enough to put the camera's
JENSEN p Rl1 010 MITSUBISHI 566914 T,o. (691.........69.90
finder at your eye -level; bending over for
R402 .1]4.90
R-406 ve .... .199.90 SONY
R610 Deceiver
4510 Recever
21990
........ 25990 X090 PREAMF FM1AM
CASSETTE a long while is tough on your back.
(Most cameras with electronic viewfind-
.
CASSETTE
0.512 (Auto Mrverse: .. 24.90 XMI POWER AAM 140 WATTS 1 )
OYmR XE-9 0 BAPO EOUALVER
11031 6.0
J-1201 6.0 Coo.
ha. u
xrxn....
83.4 /Part
62 90/PAIR CONCORD ers let you aim the finder up, so you can
11120 400 ira. A.......... 4 90/PAIR 1100401 RECEIVER* look comfortably down into it when it's
4.90 /PAIR 11I7.-112 RECEIVER
0110 eh Cao.
J-1031
II Hen_ 40.90/PAIR
43 90/PAIR
X00.120 DKSII
10450$ AMP REOUOFD
AMP /EQUAL
AL RICEVIR
at a low angle.)
/TAW
1141 5. Cao.
110(1 649 *9015tes .. n__._
53.90/PUIS
9400,/n1n
CONCORD 5D SONY PROFS TOO LOW
10 ADVERIOE. NEAP CALL FOR
There are small tripods, too, for low -
angle use or for use on table -tops and
the like. Most of these are a bit flimsy,
FOX XK Ra-K7r DeNctoc ............. .9950
FOX Vixen.-
FOX
........................224.90
.109.50
FU258USTE1
902E150ER Ihre
I5upernell... 5............24.90
...........119.90
but Leica makes a good (and expensive)
FOX 5474407- .229.90
N 221051E8 111..... ......................,...

,E1181015uperhetl ._........5555......14.%
/09.90
one, with heavy, cast legs that rotate
PLEASE
NADADA ANTENNAS ARE AVAILABLE,
CALL FOR MODEL NO. PRICE 000115 around the central camera mounting
.:.: ....
.
_. .. ..
screw to nest flat for carrying. A similar
AVOID .FOOD model, sold in Japan by Stitz, is avail-
grand Master
AMIN%
FASE
FUJI 1 9
ro
5,
II a
COO
I or
CPo.......................
.................
0 C90....2.99
I.99
WE CARRY VIDEO TAMS BY: AMPEX. EASE,
FUJI. JVC. MAXELL. PANASONIC, able under some other brand names
MEMOREX. TDB. SCOTCH,SONY RCA.
here. Bolex makes a weirdly jointed
1 1 1

SCOTCH wghlvra0 COO J PO x.1.99

SCOTCH MOSM, C.00 I
823 .............._.._..10.95
SCOTCH Mosley II COO (2 Pk
MEMORE%HIBIOo C90
......449
....2.99
ALL BETA 1750 55,55
ALL VHS 1120 (Except HG
.....12.95
.....14 95
MATTEL IntelliviStOn GOme..........229.50
1
camera stand that looks like a praying
SONY EHI COO. ...................
SONY IECPCN0
SONY LSO C90......._ ......... ....1.39
.....3.29
2
ATARI V1 ORO Gome CC 2600......9495 mantis when unfolded for use; it can be
IDI 9005 Dampen 1,601 ..
SDK
16.95
........ ........................... 1.61
11100.50 folded to fit a broad variety of situa-
AMMO 1120.13.95 APNEA L-500.9.95
TDB AO CHO
SDK SA COO
5555 2.45
2.99
FUJI 1120.......53.95
SCOTCH T-120 (52 50 Pebore
FUJI L-500.9 95
16.95
tions, and to give a broad enough base to
MA.C60 I Nielal ..................0.29
1D1

- -
MAXELL UDAL p W %l II. 660
1

.......2.49
I

support most home video cameras.

Camera stores sometimes carry
I

MAXELL
MAXELL
UDXL
UD
WXl
690..
I or
.....2.69II- 690.......3.29 WE
MTA
STOCK SAW COLOR IV'A, VAS AND
VIDEO RECORDERS. AND HOME
MAXELL UD
MAXELL WORE -110...........3
MAXEL toss Dam01 HF 46
3590.
........6.93
.....5.99
MOVES FROM ALL MAJOR HOLLYWOOD
5100405. SOHO ROI FREE CATALOG.
shoulder pods or "gunstocks" (most of
L.....Ie.vs
~RUM ORDER 12 TAPES 100% GUARANTEED
which look nothing like guns) that can
WE STOP( ALL VOPO DOC DRIS. CALL OR WRITE FOR A TOT OF PRICES.
be adjusted to fit most still, cine or video
NOW TO 06016 IY MAIL F51 porno, ara courteous shipment (5,1 mane,
er111'ea check, %let's check. MosterChon /VISA ( Cuae

soles 9. ALL MERCHANDISE IS IRMO NEW. FACTORY FRESH AND NO%

GUARANTEED.
ORDER TOLL
fe001a21 -eleo or [800J221-8330
Ord
mber.e.plrotO, da,eOnd signature) DO NOT SEND CAM Personal on cl Busmess
checks must clear Om bank berne processing Shlpong no vouron55 charge
4%ol tolol Cram( with a 53.95 minimum charge NOV. Yak Sate residents must add

IRES: M NEW YORK CALL:

12121 7324600
DEPT. PE
od, cameras. Since personal fit and comfort
are factors here, it pays either to bring
your video camera to the store for a fit-
ting or to buy the shoulder pod on a
money -back guarantee basis.
r
is
Medium -duty tripods such as
the Slik M4 10 provide a steady
SEND FOR FREE 260 PAGE AUDIOMDEO CATALOG kibase for your camera. (The
23 PARK ROW, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10038
Filters. Most of the attachments made head shown here is actually
CIRCLE NO 44 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
to fit in front of film camera lenses also for a 35 -mm camera.)
14
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
The new Bone Fone appealed to all ages, but not at $39.95.

Colossal Failure The Bone Fone was a great success,

but its little brother laid a big bomb.
It really flopped. And it was such a flop that could take from 0.2 watts to 0.5 watts -all sound of the crowd. A strap firmly secures the
we were totally unprepared for it. Here's what powered by a 6 -volt battery system instead of NUTS to your body so you can jog or do any
happened. the traditional 3 -volt system. Indeed, the unit physical exercise while the unit stays secure.
The story actually started out with a product was built like something the military would If the sleeve gets dirty, don't worry. Just
called the Bone Fone, an AM /FM stereo radio design and all put together by one of the best throw it in the washing machine and wash it
that draped around your neck like a scarf. The factories in Hong Kong. like a towel. Don't forget, of course, to first
Bone Fone played stereo music that you Even our purchasing department went ba- remove the radio.
actually felt through your bones as well as nanas and ordered 30,000 of the monsters NUTS comes with a 90 -day limited warranty
through your ears. The beautiful effect was without testing to see if the product would sell. but it's built like a battleship so nothing should
hard to describe. Well, if you're sensing that we're about to tell ever go wrong. But ah, if it does, simply send it
JS &A's earlier advertisements sold the you about a mistake, a gross miscalculation, to our service -by -mail facility and we'll quickly
Bone Fone quite well. Soon over 100,000 of or even a major disaster, you're right. When repair it and have it back pronto.
them were draped around the necks of music we tested the product to see if it would sell, we JS &A is famous for its space -age products
lovers all over the nation and JS &A had a hit. found out it couldn't. Consumers were buying since 1971 and its FTC battle since 1979.
But wait. Our luck was soon to run out. the stereo Bone Fone at $69.95 ten to one over We're a responsible company that built our
The AM /FM stereo Bone Fone sold for the $39.95 NUTS. reputation on providing service to our custom-
$69.95 so it would seem logical that a less The ad agency was shocked, the product ers and fighting off federal bureaucrats.
expensive unit at $39.95 that played only AM designers and engineers were perplexed, and To order, simply send your check for $19.95
stations would be a natural winner too. After our purchasing agent was worried. We ended plus $3.00 per order for postage and handling
all, the two speakers on the less expensive up with 29,940 in stock. (Illinois residents add 6% sales tax) to the
Bone Fone were sure to make any AM station What do you do when everybody goofs? address below or, credit card buyers may call
sound almost like stereo. Logical, yes, but Simple. You lower the price. But from exper- our toll -free order service below. We'll send
then some very confident people went a little ience we know that even at $29.95 we're not you your unit complete with instructions and a
overboard. going to sell out even if we triple our sales. The 90 -day limited warranty backed by JS &A's
Our ad manager went overboard with a bril- price had to be dramatic. A real shock. The service -by -mail center. (Four AA cell batteries
liant name for the product- NUTS -the radio price had to be so low that a sell -out would be not included.)
for music nuts, sports nuts, news nuts or any- assured. "O.K., $24.95," said our executive If you've ever had a great opportunity to buy
body just nuts enough to wear the thing. vice president. But she was vetoed. "$19.95," a truly great bargain, it's now. But like we said,
And our product designers went overboard announced our president. And so it was. once we're sold out, that's it. Only 29,940 left.
too. Instead of a basic AM radio, they built a If you realized the value that NUTS repre- Order yours at no obligation, today.
unit that was vastly superior to any pocket sents at $19.95, you'd buy all you could for
radio, in fact equal or better than many AM /FM gifts this Christmas even though it's months o PRODUCTS
radios. There was an integrated circuit, and a away. But we're sorry, there's a limit: 144 per THAT
pair of large 3" speakers with big magnets that person or 967 per family. You see, we're
could really blast out with solid AM music. anxious to dump the little buggers.
THINK
Remember, the AM unit was not stereo but it The NUTS comes with a terry cloth sleeve
Dept. PE One JS &A Plaza
seemed that way with its two large speakers. that fits over the unit to make it comfortable to
Northbrook, III. 60062 (312) 564 -7000
wear for jogging or just plain walking. Take Call TOLL -FREE 800 228-5000
The sound was so good that even the
engineers went overboard adding a tone con- NUTS with you to a sporting event and hear In Nebraska Call 800 323-6400
trol and boosting the power the speakers the play by play while still experiencing the JS &A Group, Inc.,1981
 What's new with NRI's
home-training program in
communications electronics?
Almost everything!
NRI takes you to the edgeof technology with state -of-the -art
training on microprocessor -based communications equipment.
reflects the latest, state -of-the -art If you wish, you may choose to
technology... includes up -to -the- minute take your training with the Bearcat 210
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techniques. And you learn it all at your based, it operates over five bands to give
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room pressures, travel expenses, or You Through Training
strict schedules. You're a class of In addition to lessons, experi-
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with 67 years of ex- oo
micr pr cessor -
perience and over a NEW' pmmable,
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million and a half
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Hands -On
Training
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That's because NRI train-
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learning," but also actual real -
The remarkable world of com- world experience through NRI
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last one, there's a new advance in around the advanced 2 -meter
technology, a new use for a new miracle high -tech equipment, exclusive NRI Ac-
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of science. And NRI trains you to keep tion Audio cassettes reinforce your train-
a fixed or mobile station. Its micro-
the pace. ing. Your NRI instructor leads you step
computer controls let you synthesize
by step through each circuit, explaining
Now, NRI's renowned home -study any frequency in its range, program
course in Communications Electronics full or four-channel scanning.

16 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 op amps, phototransistors, digital that the servicing of transmission
logic circuits and power supplies. equipment be performed by a tech-
nician holding a valid FCC Radio-
New Training in Satellite
telephone license. NRI promises that
Communications,
Microcomputers, you'll pass your FCC exam and get your
license or your tuition will be re-
and Digital Electronics
funded in full. No ifs, ands, or buts
NRI lessons are kept up to date!
...this money-back agreement is good
Latest subjects include the booming
for a full six months after your gradua-
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its function and interaction with others gram. You also learn how to frequency counter
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Test Instruments Included mobile radios; CBs; micro-
Your NRI Communications Elec- wave antenna systems; air-
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experiments and demonstrations you FM and TV broadcast equip-
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the postage -paid card for your copy of
indispensable for both bench and field
FCC License or our free catalog describing NRI Com-
measurements of transmitter output
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NRI stands behind you all the get lesson plans, equipment specifica-
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Send the card today and see what's new
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Up -to -the- minute experi- 3939 Wisconsin Ave.
zD'Ar
ments cover bipolar and YWashington, D.C. 20016
field effect transistors, 1.11
We'll give you tomorrow.

SEPTEMBER 1981 19
 audio
grey day, and bluish, "cooling" filters to through glass, and so on. They also opening reduces depth of field, letting
make a sunny day look overcast or add deepen the blue in the part of the sky you throw distracting backgrounds out
moonlight effects to daylight shots. Fil- 90 from the sun. Although expensive, of focus.
ters made for black- and -white photogra- polarizers can often save the day.
phy are generally of deep, solid colors They're most useful with electronic - Lenses. Some really creative special
such as red, blue, yellow, green and finder cameras, which let you check effects can be achieved with new lens -
orange. Using them on a color camera their effects, and a bit less so with attachment systems from companies
will usually give bizarre effects, which through- the -lens finders, which show like Cokin (distributed by Minolta),
may, at times, be just what you want. their effects somewhat less clearly. Acme, Ambico, Tiffen and Spiratone
Polarizing and neutral- density filters Neutral- density filters are used when though they become tiresome if over-
are the only ones made for both black - the light is too bright for even the small- used. These systems are based on hold-
and -white and color film. Polarizers can est lens opening and lowest camera -sen- ers that attach to your lens, plus a vari-
be used to take the detail- reducing glare sitivity setting, and to let you use a wider ety of square filters and accessories for
off shiny, nonmetallic objects, to shoot lens opening in bright light. A wider many purposes. Available filters in-
clude: mist, fog and diffusion filters,
color filters with clear centers, and fil-
ters that are half colored and half clear.
(You could use the colored half to
change the color of the sky while leaving
THE FUTURE OF the land unaffected, for example.)
There are also filter -like attachments
that create parallel or concentric multi-
I5 TODAY WITH DOWNLINKI ple images and "vignetters" that frame
your picture in a circle, heart, or other
shape. Cokin, at least, has holders for
Why wait Lntil 1985 just to get three channels of satellite reception when lenses with front filter threads up to 82
Downlink's D -2X receiver can give yo sixty channels of brilliantly clear. mm, Spiratone to 77 mm.
unedited movies. sporting events, world news and special programming Closeup lenses, which attach like fil-
from the many satellites over the North American continent... Now. ters, can be used to focus on objects
The D -2X's modular format and state -of- the -art circuitry allow for sharp. closer than your lens's normal near -
colorful reception of the entire satellite bandwidth (from 3.7-4.2 gHz). focusing limit, or into the gap that fre-
So you can get all sixty channels plus the new channels that will be quently exists between the far limit of a
available in the future. lens's macro- focusing range (if it has
one) and the near limit of its normal
Made from he finest microwave components, the Downlink D -2X receiver focus range. These come in a variety of
eatures dual- conversion design, permitting multiple receiver installations strengths, and can be stacked, so an as-
and phase -lock loop processing which brings living color to your TV. sortment of + 1, +2 and +3 lenses can
The complete and easy -to- install Downlink System including the be used in any combination up to +6.
D -2X receiver, low -noise amplifier. Skyview antenna and cable
I
You'll probably not need more than
can beyours for 53.595.00. So live the future of television about a + 1, though, especially if your
now... with Downlink. camera has a macro range. There are
also split -field closeup lenses that allow
For the name of the Downlink dealer nearest you call toll-free you to focus very closely on one half of
800- 641 -4645. ext. 214. In Missouri, call 800 -492 -4892. your image and all the way to infinity on
the other half.
Here and there you'll run across wide -
angle and telephoto converters designed
to fit in front of your camera lens.
They're not easy to find, though, espe-
cially in sizes to match large video
zooms (JVC sells some that may fit
competing cameras). Telephoto convert-
ers to fit behind the lens are common in
still photography, but I know of none to
fit the "C" mounts used by most video
cameras. If you own a still camera with
interchangeable lenses, you can get ad-
apters to fit those lenses onto your C-
mount video camera, for really long tele-
photo shots. (Video lenses rarely get
much longer than 75 mm or so, while
still camera lenses from 135 to 250 mm
are common, and lenses up to 2000 mm
are available.) Be sure to use a tripod,
with any extreme telephoto lens. Tele-
photos magnify everything, including
camera shake.
One of my favorite accessories is not
For more inforwation. contact: for cameras but for portable VCRs. If
Downlink, In. you walk about with a portable hanging
30 Park Street from your shoulder, Spiratone's "Post-
20
Putnam, Connecticut 062i4) man's Pad" ($6.95) will make that
(203) 928 -7731 weight more tolerable than anything
else I've tried. Unlike most shoulder
pads, its thick, firm, and tapered to
CIRCLE NO. 73 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD match the slope of average shoulders. O
20 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
CHOSEN BY THE EDITORS OF POPULAR ELECTRONICS

THE Bang & Olufsen Beogram 8000 turn-

table is a refined version of that company's
well -known and basically similar 4030-series
record players. Like them, it features a servo -
driven, low -mass, radial- tracking tonearm
integrated with a low -mass, high -quality
magnetic cartridge, completely automatic
operation, and foolproof stylus protection.
The B &O Model 8000 differs from its pre-
decessors in that it has a novel direct -drive
 NO. 1 INA SERIES audio
GUARDING motor (the 4000-series used belt drive)
YOUR and a microprocessor control system. It
measures about 19t /4 "W X 143/4 "D X
3 /2 "H with its hinged clear plastic cover
t

OPERATING CONTROLS:
MILITARY lowered and weighs about 20 pounds. It
is finished in brushed aluminum and
black, with rosewood grain trim. Sug-
(All pushbuttons)

EXPERIENCE gested retail price is $995.

General Description. The direct -
TURN: Runs motor while depressed without
initiating arm cycle. For use with record
cleaning brushes, etc.
drive motor of the B &O Model 8000 is PAUSE: Raises arm for temporary interrup-
EXTRA INCOME described by the manufacturer as a
"magnetic drive servo-controlled dc mo-
tion of play. After 10 seconds, arm returns
to its rest and motor stops but lifting posi-
tor," with no elaboration. Examination tion is held in memory for 30 minutes and
If you have experience in any of the motor, with the aluminum, platter arm returns there automatically when PLAY
branch of the Armed Forces, you have removed, reveals that the flanged rim of is pressed.
the chance to earn good extra income a smaller inner "platter" (the actual ro- PLAY: Initiates automatic play cycle. Record
while you hold one of the most impor- tor) fits into a narrow gap between two size and speed are set automatically.
tant jobs in America. In an Army large magnetic coil structures. There is STOP: Terminates playing and shuts off the
National Guard unit close to home. no evidence of the complex windings unit.
Take income. In the Army National used on many direct -drive motors. 33,45: Selects turntable speed for nonstan-
Guard, the work you've put into military Its appearance suggests that this is an dard records.
service can really go to work for you. eddy- current motor, not unlike the re- +,- Varies speed in discrete incre-
For instance, if you left as an E -4 with volving disc in a conventional home
:

ments. (Actual speed is shown on a four -

three years experience, you can earn watt -hour meter. Turning with the plat- digit numerical display.)
over S1500 a year. As an E -5 with 6 ter is an optical tachometer disc that <, > Fast arm movement (slew)
years experience, over S 1700. And, if supplies a feedback frequency to the ser- controls. Arm lifts and moves slowly on
you have a critical skill you may also vo control circuits, where it is compared light touch. More pressure speeds up slew
qualify for a cash bonus. To see exactly to a frequency derived from a quartz speed.
how far your rank and experience can crystal oscillator. The microprocessor Other Features: 7 -pin DIN socket in rear
take you, check out the chart below. establishes the necessary frequency divi- for interface with Model 8000 receiver (for
PER YEAR (Including) sion ratios for varying the turntable remote switching and control of record
Annual Training
with
E -3
speeds within 3% of the nominal 331/1 player). Stylus force sliding adjustment on
'2+ years S1375.68 and 45 rpm. arm tube, calibrated from 0 to 2 grams at
3 +years 1427.34 The aluminum platter is a light disc intervals of 0.1 gram.
E -4 with (about t/s" thick), and the total rotating
as 1519.92 mass is about 13/4 pounds. Instead of the
4 +years 1630.17 usual rubber mat, the top of the platter
E -5 with
4 +years 1687.11 has an array of 24 radial black plastic
6 +years 1789.80 "spokes" that support the record above record is present and what size it is. If no
Plus, a part -time job in the Army the metal surface. They also serve an record is present, the spoke pattern in-
National Guard fits in well with your important role in the automatic opera- terrupts the light reflected to the sensor,
current lifestyle. Because all it takes is tion of the record player. causing the arm to move to the center
two days a month of your time, along The tonearm consists of two straight until a smaller diameter record (if pres-
with 15 days annual training. And, in parallel tubes of square cross section ent) is found, or to eventually return to
the Guard, you're serving close to home, about 6 inches long. The one closest to its rest and shut off the unit. The pickup
helping the people in your community the turntable center has a downward - cannot descend to an empty platter.
and state when natural disasters or facing light and photocell in its tip. As When the sensor reaches the edge of a
emergencies occur. the arm moves over the rotating turn- record and the reflected light pattern is
Extra income that's important to table, the light reflected from the sur- interrupted, it continues to move inward
you, in a job that's important to your face tells the control system whether a by an amount equal to the spacing be-
community. It's just one reason to Guard
your military experience in the Army
National Guard.
To learn about other reasons- from
benefits to new skills- contact your local
Guard recruiter, or call toll -free
800- 638 -7600.
*In Hawaii: 737 -5255; Puerto Rico: 723 -4450; Virgin
Islands (St. Croix): 773 -6438; Maryland: 728 -3388; in
Alaska, consult local phone directors.

The Guard is
America at its best.

ARMY

NATIONAL
22
GUARD
CIRCLE NO, 53 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Frequency response and channel separation
of both channels using the CBS STR -1 A0 test record.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 When you're ready
to "face" the music
we have a tip
for reduced
distortion

Whether you are seeking to reproduce the full

dynamic range in the grooves of today's new
superdiscs, or simply to obtain maximum listening
pleasure from treasured "oldies" in your record col-
lection, you need a phono cartridge that will deliver
optimum trackability with minimum distortion.
Because the phono cartridge is the only
point of direct contact between the record and your
entire stereo system, its role is critical to faithful
sound re- creation. That's why upgrading your
phono cartridge is the single most significant (and
The HE Family: generally least costly) improvement you can make
Hy perelliptical- Equipped to your stereo system.
To that end Shure now offers the Hyperellip-
tical Stylus Tip configuration -first introduced on
the critically acclaimed V15 Type IV -in a full line of
cartridges with a broad range of prices.
The Hyperelliptical Stylus Tip has been
called the most significant advance in decades in
tip geometry. It has a narrower and more uniform
elongated contact area that results in significantly
reduced intermodulation and harmonic distortion.
Look over the list at left to see which Shure
HE cartridge best matches your tracking force
V15 LT V15 Type 111 -HE M97HE requirements.
1,4 grams 34 -1'4 grams 34 -1' 2 grams Shure has been the top -selling cartridge
manufacturer for the past 23 years. For full details
on this remarkable line of cartridges write for .L667.

M97HE-AH M97 LT
with attached headshell) 1'4 grams
34 -1' 2 grams
Go with the leader- Shure.

Shure Brothers Inc., 222 Hartrey Ave., Evanston, IL 60204

M95HE M75HE Type 2 M75HE -J Type 2
In Canada: A. C. Simmonds & Sons Limited
grams '4 -1' 2 grams 1.4-2' 2 grams
3/4-1'/2
Manufacturers of high fidelity components. microphones.
sound systems and related circuitry

CIRCLE NO. 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD

 audio
tween the arm tubes (about 1 inch). position.) Another feature of the Model put was about 2.9 millivolts at a 3.54
Then it stops and lowers the second arm 8000 is its ability to repeat a record if cm /s velocity. At the rated -gram 1
(containing the cartridge) to the record. the PLAY button is touched while it is force, the cartridge tracked our high -
The platter always starts at 33I/3 rpm, playing (it finishes the play before re- velocity test records easily, including the
but if no record has been found outside peating, however). 70- micrometer level of the German Hi-
of a 10 -inch diameter, it automatically Fi #2 test record. The vertical angle of
changes to 45 rpm. Either speed can be Laboratory Measurements. The the stylus was 24 degrees.
selected at any time by the pushbuttons, B &O MMC2OCL cartridge (also avail- In subjective tracking tests with the
however. After the record has been able separately with a mounting adapter Shure "Audio Obstacle Course" re-
played, the arm returns to its rest posi- for conventional arms) had a frequency cords, the MMC2OCL was able to play
tion and the motor shuts off. Each time response flat within +0, -3 dB from 40 the entire ERA III record. With the
the pickup enters or leaves its rest, the to 20,000 Hz with the CBS STR 100 ERA IV record, we heard the beginning
stylus is cleaned of lint by a soft brush. test record, and within +0, -3 dB from of mistracking on the highest level of
The cartridge supplied with the Mod- 1 to 30 kHz with the JVC 1005 test most of the bands. This is a very severe
el 8000 is the B &O MMC2OCL, the record (it was down 5 dB at 40 kHz on test, and the cartridge should have no
top-of- the -line model. It is a moving - the latter). The response curve had a difficulty coping with the levels on al-
iron cartridge with a single-crystal sap- broad, shallow dip between 3 and 15 most any commercial record.
phire cantilever and a diamond stylus kHz. Channel separation was 20 to 25 Turntable rumble was very low, read-
having an extended line -contact shape dB over most of the audio range and ing -38 dB in an unweighted measure-
for improved tracing of high- frequency about 15 dB at 50 kHz. The frequency ment and -61 dB with ARLL weight-
groove modulation. It is designed to response and crosstalk curves were near- ing. The rumble spectrum was mostly at
track at gram.
1 ly identical for both channels. 5 and 14 Hz, with smaller peaks at 40
Like any other tangential -arm record These measurements were made with and 60 Hz. Flutter was 0.05% wrms,
player, the 8000 is free of skating forces a cartridge load of 47,000 ohms and 70 and 0.06% weighted peak (nearly as
and the need for compensation. As a picofarads (plus the capacitance of the low as can be measured using test re-
result, its pickup goes straight up and integral signal cables). Increasing the cords). Its spectrum had peaks at 3, 10,
down when the cueing mechanism is load capacitance to 440 picofarads had and 14 Hz, dropping off at higher fre-
used, and returns to the same groove little effect on the frequency response (it quencies.
from which it was raised. The micropro- actually improved by about dB in the 1 The turntable speeds were as exact as
cessor of the Model 8000 "remembers" high-frequency range up to 20,000 Hz). we could measure at the indicated nomi-
the position on the record from which The low effective mass of the arm and nal values, and could be varied over
the cartridge was raised by the PAUSE cartridge resulted in a relatively high about 3.3% in steps of either 0.05 or
control and, up to 30 minutes later, can resonance frequency of 12 to 13 Hz, 0.07 rpm, depending on the speed. The
return it to the same spot. (The pickup with an amplitude of about 6 dB, falling automatic cycle times were shorter than
remains over the record for only about off to 3 dB at 20 Hz and becoming negli- on most automatic record players, with
10 seconds before returning to its rest gible at higher frequencies. Signal out- 4 seconds required to start playing after
the PLAY button was touched, and 6 sec-
onds for the shutdown after play. In the
fast (slew) mode, a 12 -inch record was
covered in 4 seconds. The pause (lift, or
cueing) action was perfect, with abso-
lutely no lateral shift during the process,
even when we waited for the memory
system to take control. Although lift and
descent were so rapid as to seem instan-
taneous, they were gentle and smooth.
In checking the suspension, we found
a single transmission response at 30 Hz.
The isolation of the Model 8000 was
better than any turntable we have meas-
ured. Its margin of superiority was 10 to
20 dB over the better units, and 30 to 40
dB better than average.

User Comment. This is a deluxe re-

cord player for people who want to listen
to records for enjoyment. Hardware -
oriented hobbyists who want to change
cartridges as new models become avail-
able will find the unit frustrating. Its
totally integrated design makes such ex-
perimentation impossible. The turntable
itself is one of the finest we have used;
the arm and cartridge rank with the best
on any objective basis; and the ergonom-
ics of the entire record player are (in our
Quality, Service and Availability view) a resounding success. In addition,
this turntable is unmatched in immunity
You can count on all three from Wabash Tape
to acoustic feedback.
Corporation. Our toll -free number will put you instantly in
touch with your local Wabash Distributor ... and the
After using the Model 8000 for an
extended period, we frankly do not have
finest diskettes money can buy! a single complaint about its perform-
ance. Even its high price seems quite
reasonable, considering what it does and
700 Des Plaines Rd., Des Plaines, IL 60018 312.298 -8585 how well it does it.- Julian D. Hirsch
CIRCLE NO. 101 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
CIRCLE NO. 68 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
24 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Boker
Crescent
Lufkin
Nicholson

\4 %Plumb
Weller, Wiss
Xcelit
Take a good look round this ad and
you'll agree that "All together" is no
exaggeration. Whether you're making
or mending, cutting or joining, striking,
measuring or stripping, there's a Cooper
tool that's just right for the job. Don't take
chances on tools. Specify Cooper and
get 'em right the first time!

from Cooper TheToolmakeit

J The Cooper Group
COOPER
INDUSTRIES
BOKER'CRESCENT' LUFKIN' NICHOLSON ' PLUMB ..WELLER NASS. XCELRE.
PO Box 728, Apex, North Carolina 27502.Tee (919) 362- 751QTelex: 579497
CIRCLE NO. 12 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 NOW YOUR
ETA MACH NE
CAN PERFORM
EVEN BETTER
THAN WHEN
YOU OUGHT IT.
No matter how well your video particles and a unique binding
cassette recorder has been process. The resulting tape
performing, it's never lived up not only produces a
to its full potential. Because better picture than ordi-
until recently, you couldn't nary video tape, it's a lot
buy High Grade video more durable. This drastic-
tape for Beta systems. ally reduces video recorder
With Maxell High head wear and lets you
Grade Beta tape, enjoy a better picture longer.
you'll finally see, So if you own a Beta
what your machine recorder, try Maxell High
can do. You'll get Grade. You'll discover that the
better color machine you own is even better
resolution, than the one you bought.
sharper images
and clearer
sound.
To create High Grade,
mexell
Maxell uses finer, sharper Epitaxial IT'S WORTH IT.
Mmr3t b. 7.k,7. ^ %W.,

CIRCLE NO. 48 ON FREE INF ORMAT;ON CARD

 video

Popular Electronics Tests M1111=..A

The Sampo Mode! IS/9

19" Color T V Receiver
THE Sampo Model 9519 is a 19" transistor, shunted across the power images aren't exceptionally sharp.
color receiver with two 5" black driver and regulator, that will shut down Brightness and contrast, however, are
and white monitors nested alongside. the low- voltage supply if too much cur- adequate.
Packaged in a mahogany veneer wood rent is drawn. These minisets can be used with a
cabinet 253/4 "W X 1911/16 "D X 22 "H, Both auxiliary 5 -inch monitors have monochrome surveillance camera and
ithas sensor touch tuning and a 4 -inch similar power supplies and (because of will reproduce a fairly accurate picture.
oval speaker. The unit can be used with their dual receiver /monitor functions) A well -lighted and easily defined scene
an infrared remote control, which has are isolated from the ac line. These me- should be highly visible, but a dimly out-
volume up /down, channel select, sound dium- resolution monochrome sets are lined area will produce a much poorer
muting, and power on /off. Suggested constructed of discrete transistors, three image. The VC -1001 camera recom-
retail price is $995. i -f stages, dual i -f/r -f agc adjustments, mended by Sampo for use with the 9519
and varactor tuner elements with volt- retails for $250 and has focus control
General Description. The block dia- age U/V switching and broadband dc only. Battery packs are $75.
gram (Fig. 1) o the main set shows a tuning. There are no audio outputs pro- Baseband inputs to the monitors may
conventional 4 -IC receiver with all lumi- vided (Fig. 2). range between and 3+ volts. with neg-
1

nance, power, outputs and sync func- In contrast to the main color set, ative -going sync. The monitors can be
tions performed by 28 discrete transis- which has 12- channel tuning, only two operated on baseband, independent of
tors and a bridge -rectifier diode power channels can be selected manually on the main unit.
supply. The four ICs furnish i -f amplifi- the two monitor /receivers; or they can The tuning system is unusual. The
cation, agc, automatic fine tuning (aft), be used to receive a single direct -video touch of a finger induces a signal that
FM detection, plus chroma processing input from a camera, video cassette or (after its negative portion is clipped)
and demodulation. A single SCR re- disc, or other baseband producer. Sur- forward biases an npn transistor. This,
moves dc operating potential from the prisingly, the auxiliary receivers process in turn, lights a sensor lamp and delivers
120 -V supply, should high voltage rise a full 4 -MHz bandpass versus 3 MHz a negative pulse to one end of the appro-
beyond normal levels. The main dc sup- for the large screen color set. But, be- priate tuning potentiometer. Each indi-
ply has a 4- transistor power regulator cause there are no focus controls on the vidual tuning potentiometer is coupled
containing the usual sensor and feed- small sets and owing to limitations on to the 16 -line inverter -buffer of Sensor
back loop. It also offers an additional tube resolution, the black and white Touch I902, and manual bandswitch el-
27
SEPTEMBER 1981
 video
ements for vhf and uhf selection. With troller. When the set is turned off (but Figure 5 is taken from a multiburst
its division ratio preset, the potentiome- still connected to house current), a through r -f to the picture tube from the
ter delivers the appropriate voltage to memory function maintains volume lev- No. monitor, and at the camera input
1

the U/V tuners via an emitter follower. el. Receiver tuning, however, always with baseband at monitor No. 2. Moni-
With remote control, however, the reverts to Ch. (channel 2).
1 tor No. requires some i -f alignment to
1

scan /select voltages are generated by push the 3.58 -MHz multiburst down,
the infrared transmitter. The optically Analysis. Multiburst in Fig. 3 shows but the response is basically good. Cam-
encoded signal is sensed by a photodiode sloping low- to high- frequency outputs era input shows horizontal sync and
in the IR receiver whose output is of up to 4 MHz at the single -diode video blanking as well as some well- defined
shaped and then routed to a remote -con- demodulator, but barely 3 MHz at the video modulation.
trol encoder- decoder. This circuit per- picture tube. In Fig. 4, 3.08- to -4.08-
forms the channel select and maintains MHz chroma is apparent, and there is a Comments. The idea of a multi -
the channel voltage in memory. very passable response in the lower screen set with surveillance capability
Remote -control sound is handled swept chroma waveform at the picture could appeal to homeowners and busi-
somewhat differently. Audio inputs tube. The vector, however, is somewhat nessmen who are concerned about secu-
combine through a volume step counter, jittery, and yellow- oranges are squeezed rity. However, a focus potentiometer for
a muting gate, and a separate volume toward reds for easy fleshtones. The the two black- and -white monitors would
control via an AND -switch within the chroma pattern is not as distinct and be a welcome addition to obtain more
processor. The output voltage is dc-con- symmetrical as it should be, including distinct viewing.
trolled, resulting in a low that is inverted the jitter, which doesn't show in the final The touch -tuning response is slow,
and routed to the base of the sound con- picture on the screen. unless you generate a lot of static elec-

AFT SOUND SPKR

MC1364 CA3065E

VIDEO IFS
MC1353 CHROMA PROCESSOR TO VIDEO
AND DEMODULATOR
NECyPC580C AND CRT
,__OUTPUTS

Fig. 1. Simplified block diagram of the main color chassis.

Functions are performed by four ICs and 28 discrete transistors.

CAMERA /BASEBAND
INPUT

FIRST SECOND
VIDEO VIDEO
AMP AMP TO
CRT

U/V TUNERS 3 TRANSISTOR IFS,

TRANSFORMER
TWO CHANNELS EACH COUPLED

Fig. 2. Simplified block diagram of the chassis for one monitor, using
all discrete transistors. The two 5-inch monochrome channels are identical.

28 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Now the stars are within your reach
Movie Stars
Concert Stars)(
Sports Stars

lour favorite stars are comrng off the satellites right now in For complete details and prices on the Heathkit Ea-th Station
one of thegreatest selectiors of family and adult entertainment and 400 other electronic kits for home, work or play, send today
ever offered. And now there's a new satellite receiver system for the la:est free Heathkit Catalog or visit you- nearby Heathkit
tha: puts it all within your reach at a price that's within reach. Elec -ronic Center.'
The new Heathkit Earth Station
I- includes a 3 -meter Sate'lite Antenna with a single -axis Send for free catalog
adjustable mount that lets you direct your antenna to receive Write to Heath Co.. Dept. 010 -E16.
signals from the entire satelite arc. It's a heavy -duty, commer- Benton Harbor. Ml 49022
cia- quality antenna, made by Scientific -Atlanta and designed for
long, reliable performance. Visit your F-eathkit Store
Special Low -Noise Ampldier and Down -Converter converts I- ecthkit products
signals to 500 MHz band for transmission on ordinary TV cable. 1C are displayed, sold
The Receiver features electronically- synthesized tuning for and serviced Et 56
staole, drift -free reception, and 24 channel selections for a broad Heathkit Electronic
variety of programming. It euen includes a special Zenith Space Centers in the U.S. See
Command Remote Control so you can change programs without your telephone white
leaving your easy chair. pages for locations.
Special Earth Foundation Kit anchors your antenna firmly to
withstand winds of up to 100 mph.
1, 0111, Centel., ,u ,1, of Ventechnology Eledrorics Cerporahor
Unique Site Survey Kit I I. , ;1.0 w 0;1

'ou can trust Heath to do it right. The first step in establishing view ng of some satellite TV channels may require tit?, customer to oAain
your station is the purchase of a special Site Survey Kit that uerrnssior from o- make payments to the programming mpany.The custimer
s reEponsible for compliance with all local, state and federalgovernmental laws
inc udes everything you need to determine a clear line -of -sight
to the satellites. So you know your location is correct before you
r
and gulations. including but not limited to construction placemert and use. For
use only it Continental U.S. This device has not been approved by the Federal
buy the Station. Communications Commission. It is not, and may not be, oier.d forsale or lease.
Easy-to- follow, step-by -step assembly Dr surd or eased, anti the approval of the FCC has been obtained.
Like all Heathkit products. tI-e Satellite Earth Station includes
a dearly written manual that guides you every step of the way
through assembly and installation. And over -the -phone
assistance is always available
CIRCLE NO. 37 ON F
Heathkit
INFC.RMAfON CARD
 video
WHY K40
BECAME THE IVI E
LARGEST
SELLING
CB ANTENNA
IN JUST
ONE YEAR! r-4110
ei

veatade Fig. 3
C T

Fig. 4

Fig. 3. Multiburst tests on main -screen

receiver showing 3 MHz at chathode ray tube.
OFFERS A
Fig. 4. Swept chroma at video detector
MONEY BACKUlf/
a.riu.:vt\74'2114 \Z;lna Li.`:*;;us
and CRT with vector shape at center.

DOUBLE GUARANTEE Fig. 5. Multiburst and baseband at the

two 5-inch black -and-white monitors
TRANSMITS which have a lull 4 -MHz bandpass.
FARTHER
RECEIVES
CLEARER
Fig. 5
...THAN ANY ANTENNA
IT REPLACES!
SAMPO MODEL 9519 THREE -SCREEN RECEIVER
LABORATORY DATA

Parameter Measurement
Tuner/ receiver sensitivity vhf (Ch. 8): -6
dBmV
(min. signal for snow -free picture): uhf (Ch. 30): -4dBmV
Voltage regulation Low voltage: 120 -V supply -93.7%
(line varied from 105 to 130 V): 24 -V supply -93.9%
High voltage: 26 -kV supply-90.1%
Luminance bandpass at CRT: 3 MHz
Luminance bandpass at 4 MHz
video detector:
S/N at CRT: 40 dB
Horizontal overscan: 15%
Agc signal range: 63 dB
Convergence: 99.9%
Barreling and pincushion effects: None
CB interference at 60 ft on
Chs. 2, 4, 5: None
Audio bandpass (3 dB down): 130 Hz to 4.1 kHz
Power requirement (3 screens): 123 W
(19" screen only): 107 W

Note. Instruments used in these meaaurements are Tektronix / Talequipment D66, D67A oscilloscopes; Sadelco FS-
3D-VU f/s meter, Data Precision 245, 1350, 1750 multimeters; B8K Precision 1248, 1250 color bar generators:
AN AMERICAN MADE PRODUCT \ Sencore VA48 (modified), CG 169 color bar generator and PR 57 power supply; Winegard DX -300 amplifier; and
Tektronix, Canon, and Polaroid cameras
FROM AN AMERICAN COMPANY.
Call your local CB Dealer
Yellow
tricity. Wearing crepe -soled shoes, slide rails. For example, it has an almost
Pages you'll have to wait a number of seconds completely unpluggable chassis. The
between channel changes for a new main 19 -inch color receiver's perform-
Fora FREE demo! charge to build up. The infrared tuning ance is about average among high -end
is wholly satisfactory. import models. All in all, its conserva-
.\NIERIC\N ANTENNA
1979 American Antenna Elgin, Illinois
Copyright
Servicing the monochrome sets could
be difficult because they are recessed
within the cabinet, and not mounted on
-
tive design provides a good picture.
Stan Prentiss
CIRCLE NO. 103 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
CIRCLE NO 4 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 test equipment

Popular Electronics Tests

The Sencore SC60 Widebander
Dual Trace Oscilloscope
THE Sencore SC60 Widebander 60- realize that 60- to 100 -MHz scopes are General Description. Unlike most
MHz Dual Trace Oscilloscope op- becoming a necessity when designing or scopes, the SC60 has two independent
erates from dc to 60 MHz and is specifi- servicing modern, state-of- the-art elec- tilt stands, one at the front and the other
cally designed for observation of narrow, tronic equipment. at the rear of the enclosure. This permits
fast -rising pulses found in digital cir- Because of the 6 -ns risetime of the the use of the front tilt stand as normal,
cuits, as well as for conventional signal vertical amplifiers, this new scope is able and when the rear tilt stand is snapped
observation and measurement from au- to display waveforms up to 100 MHz. out, the scope rides about 3" above the
dio to r -f. This new scope is aimed at The input level to each channel can be work surface. Both tilt stands have skid -
engineers and service technicians who from 5 mV to 1.6 kV peak-to -peak. The proof pads. The rear of the enclosure
vector function, provided for color -video supports four ac line -cord wrappers, a
servicing, operates to 5 MHz. snap- fastened probe storage compart-
Optional accessories include the ment, a dc output jack to provide 10 -to-
WBA52 Wideband Amplifier that pro- 15 -volt dc at 100 mA to power optional
vides 30 dB of gain between 1 and 100 accessories, the Z-axis BNC input con-
CCAESBRATIOS MHz; the DBA220 20 dB Audio Ampli- nector, and the ac line fuse.
NC
CVRTIPICATE fier that provides 20 dB of gain between On the front panel are the CRT and
COCXIIE>=O
[l.F
P{AONICSCOMPANY, 30 Hz and 20 kHz; and the PL207 RF its Controls-INTENSITY (with POWER ON
Pickup Loop ( "Snoop Loop ") that pro- OFF switch), FOCUS, and HORIZ POS di-
vides inductively coupled r-f signals for rectly below. Under these controls are
high- frequency measurement and obser- the PWR ON indicator, the ASTIGMATISM
vation. The SC60 comes with a pair of and TRACE ROTATION recessed controls,
39G 149 X10 Low Capacity probes, a and the 1V PP CAL feedthrough. Five dis-
66K28 Vector Graticule Film, and a play pushbuttons for BEAM FIND, CHAN
48" black test lead. A, CHAN B, A &B, and VECTOR modes are
The SC60 measures 9.5 "H x 12 "W x arranged over the CRT bezel. Access to
17 "D and weighs 25 pounds. Power re- all controls is easy, without disturbing
quirement is 105 to 130 volts, 50/60 Hz, another control. A simplified instruction
at 35 watts. It can be converted to 210 to pull -out card is accessed by pulling it
250 volts, 50/60 Hz. Suggested retail from its compartment on the underside
price is $1895. of the enclosure.

SEPTEMBER 1981 31

www.americanradiohistory.com
 test equipment
111 MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS

CRT Internal trigger sensitivity: ac coupled is 0.5 div of deflec-

Display area: 8 x 10 cm (rectangular) tion between 10 Hz and 20 MHz;
Phosphor: P31 (blue) 1 division of deflection from 20
Accelerating potential: 6 kV to 60 MHz; 3 divisions of deflec-
Graticule: built in, 0, 10, 90 and 100k markings tion at 100 MHz.
Beam finder External trigger sensitivity: 100 mV to 40 MHz; triggerable
Vertical Amplifier (A and B) to 100 MHz.
Bandwidth: dc-60 MHz, 3 dB, -6 dB at 80 MHz, -12 dB External trigger max input: 500 V (peak ac + dc)
at 100 MHz; ac mode is from 10 Hz to 60 MHz, Video trigger sensitivity: division of deflection
1

3 dB Vector (X -Y Mode)
Risetime: 6 nanoseconds Bandwidth: dc to 5 MHz 3 dB
Sensitivity: 5 mV /div to 20 V /div in 12 steps, -2 -5 1 Phase shift: 3 degrees, dc to 5 MHz
sequence with variable vernier; 0.05 V /div to 200 input: channel A is Y axis, B is X axis
V /div using 39G149 X10 Low Capacitance Sensitivity: same as vertical channels
Probe Z Axis
Accuracy: 4/o from 20 to 30 C Beam blanking: 5 V positive
6% from 0 to 40 C Beam intensification: 5 V negative
100/0 for A +B, or B -A displays input: dc coupled
input Impedance: 10 megohms/ 15 pF using 39G149 probe Frequency range: dc to 5 MHz
1 megohm /50 pF direct input Max. Input voltage: 50 V (dc plus peak ac)
Max. Input voltage: 2 kV peak -to -peak (dc + peak ac) using Output
the 39G149 probe; 500 V (dc + peak Calibration signal: V p -p, 2 -kHz square wave
1

ac) using direct input. Derates with fre- Physical

quency. Weight: 25 pounds
Display modes: A,inverted A, B, A & B, A + B, B - A, Height: 9.5 in.
vector. Width: 12 in.
Horizontal Deflection Depth: 17 in.
Sweep rate: 100 ms/div to 0.1 As / div, -2 -5 sequence, 19
1 Power Requirements
steps, with variable vernier; special pushbut- Normal: 105 to 130 V, 50/60 Hz; 35 W; field adjustable to
tons select 2 cycles vertical or horizontal of 210 to 250 V, 50/60 Hz.
NTSC composite video. Supplied Accessories: two 39G149 X10 Low Capacity Test
Accuracy: 4/o typical Probes; one 66K28 Vector Graticule
X10 magnification: Sweep becomes 10 ms /div to 10 ns /div; Film; one 48" black test lead.
accuracy is 5 %, except on .1, .2, and Optional Accessories: DBA220 X10 Low Level AC Amplifier to
.5 As/ div where it is 8% increase audio sensitivity by 20 dB;
Triggering WBA52 Wideband Amplifier to raise I-
Source: channel A, B, ac line, external to -100-MHz signals by 30 dB; and PL207
Mode: normal, auto, video r -f Pickup Loop for indirect high- frequen-
Polarity: +, - cy measurement.

There are three controls for each ver- The trigger LEVEL control can be set The manual accompanying the SC60
tical channel -the Ac /DC /GND input se- to allow triggering on either the positive- is excellent, and profusely illustrated.
lector; a 23- position (arranged -2 -5) 1 or negative -going slope of the displayed Besides a complete discussion of the
VOLTS /DIVISION selector switch with a waveform, while the trigger POLARITY scope, there is a lengthy section covering
coaxial vernier, and a VERTICAL POSI- determines whether the trace starts on applications and maintenance.
TION control. Each channel also pro- the positive or negative transition of the
vides a recessed control for Dc BAL. The input signal. The TIME -BASE -FREQ selec- Comments. The manufacturer's
channel -A position control can be pulled tor switch has 19 positions (in a -2 -5 1 specifications for the SC60 are shown in
ou_ to invert the channel -A signal only. sequence), from 100 ms /division to .1 the table. The SC60 was checked by the
Because of this, channel A is also pro- s /division. The 20th position of this Lockheed Instrumentation Measure-
vided with a recessed INVERT CAL con- switch, VIDEO PRESET, enables the inter- ment Laboratory (Plainfield, NJ)
trol. Both vertical channels are provided nal sync separators -there are two, one against standards traceable to the Na-
with a BNC input connector and a ba- for the horizontal and one for vertical tional Bureau of Standards. The Lab is-
nana -type ground connector. sync. sued a certificate testifying that the
The trigger SOURCE can be selected Some older scopes use the 60 -Hz pow- SC60 met or exceeded its claimed speci-
from CHAN A, CHAN B, AC LINE, or from er -line frequency for viewing video fications in all respects.
the EXT input, which is also provided waveforms. With chroma signals, the The SC60 was used on a test bench
with a BNC input connector. The trig- sync will be unsteady since chroma ver- for a few weeks and was found to be
ger MODE can be selected from NORM, tical sync is 59.94 Hz for interlaced sig- excellent. The clarity of the control
which shows a trace only when the trig- nals, and 60.02 Hz for noninterlaced identifications and the wide spacing be-
gering circuits are fully locked to the signals. When the X10 expansion switch tween controls made this instrument
input signal, from AUTO, which displays (mounted coaxially with the HORIZ POS very easy to use. The traces were bright
a trace whether the triggering circuits control) is operated, sweep speed be- and sharp, even when displaying fast -
are locked or not, from EXT, which al- comes 10 ms /div to 10 ns /div. Depress- risetime, low- frequency signals. Sweep
lows external triggering, and from VID- ing the VECTOR pushbutton allows X -Y sync was excellent, even at extremes of
EO. which uses sync separators to lock to operation with channel A providing the frequency and amplitude. Of particular
video sync pulses. The latter mode works vertical, and channel B the horizontal value for TV servicing were the two sync
in conjunction with the VIDEO HORIZ and signal. The vector CRT film overlay is separators that allow stable viewing of
VIDEO VERT pushbuttons to display two easily applied to the CRT graticule almost any video signal. -Les Solomon
or more horizontal lines or video fields. window. CIRCLE NO. 104 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

32 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 In a world where sound
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ADC delivers
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And an ADC Sound Shapers Fre- And all ADC Sound Shapers
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ing the sound more like the original spectrum through 132 LED dis-
and more agreeable to your ears. plays. So you can actually see
Our complete ADC Sound Shaper proof of the equalized sound you've
IC line* has an equalizer that is right achieved.
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BSR (USA) Ltd., Blauvelt, N.Y. 10913, BSR (Canada) Ltd., Rexdale Ontario
Sowed Shaper is a registered trademark of Audio Dynamics Corporation. IC indicates flaw Sound Shaper'' series.
SEPTEMBER 1981 CIRCLE WO. 15 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 33
 You gotta
shop around.

When you (lo,you'l l probably pick CIE,.

You can't afford to settle for
less when it comes to something like
electronics training that could
affect your whole life.
 When you shop around for you learn and review the basics
perform dozens of experiments.
- All this training takes effort.
But you'll enjoy it. And it's a real
tires, you look for a bargain. plus for a troubleshooting career!
After all, if it's the same brand, Plus, you use a 3 -in -1 precision
better price-why not save money? Multimeter to learn testing,
checking, analyzing! Do you prepare for
Education's different. There's your FCC License?
no such thing as "same brand :' No
two schools are alike. And, once Avoid regrets later. Check this
you've made your choice, the out before you enroll in any
training you get stays with you for program.
the rest of your life. More than half of CIE's
So, shop around for your courses prepare you for the
training. Not for the bargain. government- administered FCC
For the best. Thorough, profes- License exam. In continuing
sional training to help give you surveys, nearly 4 out of 5 CIE
pride and confidence. graduates who take the exam get
* * * their Licenses!
If you talked to some of our Associate Degree
graduates, chances are you'd find a When you build your own Now, CIE offers an Associate in
lot of them shopped around for 5 MHz Triggered- Sweep, Applied Science Degree in Electronics
their training. They pretty much Solid -State Oscilloscope Engineering Technology. In fact, all or
knew what was available. And they you take your first real professional most of every CIE Career Course is
picked CIE as number one. step. You use it as a doctor uses an directly creditable towards the
X -ray machine- to "read" Associate Degree.
Why you should shop waveform patterns...
around yourself. lock them in...study, understand Shop around...but send
We hope you'll shop around. and interpret them! for CIE's free school
Because, frankly, CIE isn't for When you get your catalog first!
everyone. Digital Learning Mail the card. If it's gone, cut
There are other options for the out and mail the coupon. If you
hobbyist. If you're the ambitious Laboratory you'll be into
digital theory -essential prefer to write, mention the name
type -with serious career goals in and date of this magazine. We'll
electronics -take a close look at training today for anyone
send you a copy of CIE's FREE
what we've planned for you at CIE. school catalog -plus a complete
package of independent home study
What you should information! For your convenience,
look for first. we'll try to have a representative
Part of what makes elec- contact you to answer your
questions. Mail the card or
tronics so interesting is it's coupon -or write:
based on scientific discover - CIE, 1776 East 17th St.,
ies-on ideas! So the first Cleveland, OH 44114.
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who wants to keep pace
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' CIE Cleveland Institute
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or two principles and helps you electronics in the eighties. With Accredited Member National Noma Study Council
master them-before you start CIE's Digital Lab, you'll be
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-
of career training in

is the training? and digital devices. You'll learn to

This is the next big important make binary to decimal conversions
and to work with semiconductor
-
send me my FREE CIE school catalog

-
including details about the Associate
Degree program plus my FREE
question. After all, your career will devices and circuits. You'll see how package of home study information!
be built on what you can do -and digital equipment is vital in today's
on how well you do it.
Here are ways some exciting, growing fields such as Print Name
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of CIE's trouble- theory provides the Address Apt
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Training PE44
Laboratory...
 dbx has been silent too long.
70
4/81
db=, Inc.

60

No Noise Reduction
50 -

40 .r

- Dolby C

20

10

^A.
._dbx
10,E -
100 500 1K
20 200 2K 20K

Frequency (Hz)

Noise from biased Chromium Dioxide cassette tape, comparing Dolby and dbx noise reduction systems.
One third octave analysis. Tape noise level referenced to 200 nWb /m = 110dB SPL.

For years Dolby* has been try- Simply this. When you push There's more to this story, too. Listen to the new tape decks
ing to reduce tape noise. the Dolby C button, tape noise With the dbx tape noise reduc- with dbx. Or hear what a dbx
First came Dolby B. Then decreases. When you push the tion system, you're also equipped Model 222 or 224 can do for your
Dolby HX. Now there's Dolby C. dbx button, tape noise disappears. to play the widely acclaimed existing system.
At dbx, we think it's time to set
the record straight. You see,
we've never tried to reduce tape
(You can perform this test your-
self using any blank cassette tape.)
The dbx system reduces tape
Dynamic Range Records -
dbx Discs, the world's only Full

the first discs that eliminate

and
At dbx, we've been silent too
long.
The fact is, Dolby just reduces
noise. We've never had to. noise so effectively, that it's be- record surface noise. noise.
Because from the beginning, neath the noise floor of even the In addition, when digital play- dbx eliminates it.
dbx has done what Dolby keeps quietest living rooms. Unlike back technology finally arrives,
trying to do: eliminate tape noise. Dolby C, dbx is effective in more dbx is the only system that will
Just compare Dolby's latest than just the mid -range. It oper- faithfully reproduce that sound
attempt with dbx. ates across the entire frequency on tape. You'll even be able to
Where Dolby C reaches a max- spectrum. There's no low -fre- hear the sound of digital in your
imum noise reduction of 20 dB, quency noise. No high- frequency car, because we've developed a
dbx reaches 50 dB. In a CCIR- noise. No noise, period. dbx decoding system for car
weighted noise measurement No wonder Technics, Onkyo, stereo.
analysis, Dolby C manages only Yamaha, TEAC and others have So before you rush out to buy
18 dB, while dbx achieves 55 dB. designed their newest generation a tape deck with Dolby C, we
What do these numbers actu-
ally mean?
dbx' is a registered trademark
'Dolby* Is a registered trademarkof dbx. Inc.
of Dolby Laboratories.
of tape decks with dbx.

Inc.
have a suggestion.
dbx
dbx, Incorporated, 71 Chapel Street, Newton, Mass. 02195 U.S.A.
Tel. (617) 964 3210. Telex 92 -2522. Distributed throughout Canada by BSR (Canada) Ltd., Rexdale, Ontario.

38 CIRCLE NO. 74 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD POPULAR ELECTRONICS

 computers

Popular Electronics, Tests

Tliepple II Plus
Personal Computer System
ALTHOUGH it is not a new entry plesoft Extended BASIC, Auto-Start In addition to the above, Personal Soft-
to the world of personal comput- ROM, disassembler, and reference ware has made available: VisiCalc, Visi-
ers, the Apple II Plus is by far one of the manuals -of
which there are many -is dex, Visitrend /Visiplot, and Visiterm.
most flexible and powerful machines priced at $1330. However, locating a Agent Computer Services provided the
available. Based on the 6502 micropro- 16K system may be difficult, as Apple Buffered Modem program for testing
cessor and an 8 -bit bidirectional bus has elected to provide only 48K systems the viability of communications, and
with eight so- called peripheral slots, the (which cost $1530) to distributors. This Vista provided the Model -150 40 -char-
system can accommodate a wide range has caused retailers some consternation, acter keyboard buffer.
of applications. Essentially, the Apple II but, in our opinion, an extra 32K bytes of
Plus is an upgraded version of the Apple RAM for $200 represents a good buy. General Description. The Apple II
III, containing built -in Applesoft and The configuration that we used for Plus consists of a molded, high- impact
with the Integer BASIC dropped. our evaluation consisted of: plastic case that houses the 6502 CPU, a
As designed, the Apple II Plus can high-efficiency switching power supply
operate with either a conventional TV Apple II Plus with 48K RAM and all Stan - with sufficient shielding to avoid EMI
receiver or a video monitor. When used dare features $1,530 and RFI difficulties, a 52 -key typewrit-
with the former, the system needs an r -f Disks II, a 18- sector 5.26 -inch single- er -style full- stroke keyboard, cassette
modulator that meets FCC require- density floppy with interface and recorder input and ouput jacks, and vid-
ments. Performance is good either way, DOS 3.3 845 eo display output jack. The system back -
but the monitor is the best choice when Second disk drive 525 plane contains eight peripheral slots.
color of very high quality is required. 12 -inch monochrome Sanyo monitor 320 The system keyboard sports 2 -key
The computer's enclosure is compact Silentype printer with Apple Il rollover and four special -function keys:
enough to be easily portable, and has a interface 835 CTRL (control), Esc (escape), RESET
pleasing color. Other accessories, such Language System with Apple Pascal 495 (used to restart the system), and REPT
as the video monitor, disks and printers, SSM Microcomputer Products AIO (repeat -provides automatic repetition
are outboard to the main unit. A carry - serial and parallel Apple of a depressed key). The coding is up-
ing case, with pockets for cables, is pro- interface 195 per-case ASCII. Lower case is omitted,
vided for the main -frame section. Microsoft RAMcard 195 but can be added by plugging in a
A basic Apple II Plus system with Z -80 Softcard 349 PROM with a new character set.
16K bytes of RAM, ROM- resident Ap- $4,919 (Continued on page 40)
SEPTEMBER 1681 39
 computers
(Continued from page 39) all that are generally used -seem to be without timing out, which could be a mi-
The standard display is memory more than sufficient. However, you can nor problem.
mapped into system RAM and provides add additional controllers and have as Rumors have circulated concerning
three display modes: text, low -resolution many as six drives. One interesting ap- the Apple's susceptibility to heat, espe-
graphics, and high -resolution graphics. proach is to add an 8 -inch controller and cially after it has run for long intervals
In the text mode, the display is 960 use both the 5.25 -inch and 8 -inch drives of time. But try as we might, running it
characters (25 lines X 40 columns), in tandem. Adding the larger drives for extended periods and deliberately re-
with each character generated in a 5 X7 means that power for them must be tak- stricting its ventilation, we could induce
dot matrix. Upper-case characters, 64 in en from external power plugs. no heat -related malfunctions, even with
all, are generated in either a normal, Like the disk system, the Silentype the air around the main circuit board at
inverse, or flashing mode. thermal printer works in conjunction 110 F. We conclude, therefore, that
The hallmark of the system is its so- with a bus -oriented controller card. This whatever problems the system had in
phisticated graphics. In the low- resolu- fits into slot -1, and provides operating this area have been solved.
tion mode, 1920 blocks are available (40 power as well as all the necessary con- Evaluating the system further, we
X 48 array) in a total of 16 colors. In trol signals. The Silentype handles both took a program that would link to other
the high- resolution mode, 53,760 dot lo- alphanumerics and graphics. The graph- files, read and hold tax tables, and up-
cations (280 X 192 array) are available, ics are presented in a raster format that date other files. The purpose was to de-
and up to six colors (black, white, red, blue, permits the printing of complete dot -by- termine whether or not the data would
green, and violet) can be displayed. dot pictures. always be accurate as it transferred be-
Because it is memory mapped, exact Unfortunately, to get multiple copies tween files and out to a printer. We set
locations on screen can be pin -pointed from the printer, you must do a multiple an arbitrary limit of 500 items.
by software to create some exciting and printing. This can be overcome by using The whole process took about I hour
spectacular displays. To enhance this an SSM AIO serial /parallel card and and 30 minutes to generate, and another
capability, the screen memory is divided adding either a dot -matrix or daisy- hour and 15 minutes to perform the
into two areas, or pages. This primary/ wheel impact printer. This assumes, of swaps and sorts. In our test, no data was
secondary page configuration lets you course, that you have an open slot for lost.
flip pages in and out to create anima- the interface. Going further, we tried a program
tion. Moreover, by employing the soft Even though the Apple is designed that would generate graphics on the
switches of the operating monitor, you around the 6502 and is meant to use screen, using the database already gen-
can invoke a variety of graphics modes software developed for that CPU, the erated. That data was handled with ac-
and mixed modes (graphics and text). In addition of a Z -80 microprocessor -via curacy, but not with dispatch. (Howev-
addition, the system includes a loud- a Microsoft Softcard-greatly extends er, it must be remembered this is a flop-
speaker and joystick controllers. its capabilities. This, moreover, is done py -based system and speed is not one of
Numerous well -written manuals are without degrading the functioning of the its prime virtues.)
supplied with the system. For example, 6502. The Softcard provides all the fea- Our next test used Personal Soft-
to get you going, there is the 200 -page tures one would expect from a Z -80, ware's Visidex, which is designed to take
Apple II Reference Manual. This man- including support of the CP /M operat- information in any format and return it
ual provides information on the basic ing system. However, operation is more either on the screen or printer, sorted or
working of the system (including sche- complex than it may seem. The Z -80 unsorted. This program relies on the
matics) and supplies such data as impor- provides computing power, while the channel speed of the disk system to dis-
tant screen addresses and a listing of the 6502 handles all I/O including opera- play information quickly. Access to a
ROM monitor. Other manuals ex- tion of the screen display under Z -80 disk record is almost instantaneous. Fur-
plain-in similar detail -Applesoft BA- supervision. This arrangement is both thermore, the software package is time-
SIC, and PASCAL, as well as the use of speedy and efficient. oriented so that records can be related
the DOS. either to system time (date and clock
Our sample system used the language Evaluation. The Apple II, almost re- time) or actual time, assuming that you
card that bundled PASCAL. Recently, gardless of configuration, is easy to use. have a real -time clock.
Apple has unbundled the PASCAL por- Because of the very carefully written, Next, we tested to see if quickly rais-
tion, offering the upgrade in memory concise manuals, setting up a system ing and lowering line voltages would
separately. This is probably for compati- like the one we used is straightforward, damage the rather large database we
bility with the Microsoft RAMcard, and takes only about 30 minutes. maintain under Visidex. It did not. Op-
which was designed to work with exist- Although not CP /M compatible, the eration was unaffected by line voltages
ing Apple software and PASCAL. disk operating system (DOS3.3) handles from 75% to 130% of nominal.
The Plus II comes equipped with in- simple jobs extremely well. For exam- One annoying shortcoming was the
teger ROM -based BASIC and disk - ple, initializing a disk is done by format- lack of upper /lower case character set.
extended Applesoft BASIC. The integer ting it via a utility, then writing a Hello Even though correctable through pur-
version doesn't support floating -point program under BASIC. This we found chase of an ROM for about $65 this
arithmetic and is like an expanded tiny intriguing, as it meant we could be very omission seems out of place in an other-
BASIC. The extended version, however, inventive in our sign -on messages. Fur- wise sophisticated system. Furthermore,
offers complete BASIC capabilities, in- thermore, for turnkey -type operation, the location of the arrowed keys is a
cluding a full set of graphics primitives, our sign -on could be a unique program problem since it is easy to hit one when
and peripheral controller calls such as that interfaces to a larger program or your goal is the RETURN key. Even worse
PDL for paddle. (This function returns
the current value from 0 to 255 of the
other programs
will.
-a menu system, if you is the location of the RESET key directly
above RETURN. We would have also
game control specified as the argument. When the system is first turned on, liked to see some special- function keys,
Unfortunately, we didn't have game the unit begins looking for a disk to load. either fixed or user -definable.
controls, but are reasonably sure that This is a function of the Auto -Start Although the backplane design offers
everything works as advertised.) ROM and can be quite disconcerting at flexibility by memory- mapping devices
The disk subsystem we used, a con- first, especially if you were planning to into the system, it does assume that the
troller, and two drives, derives power go into ROMBASIC. To suppress disk operator has intimate knowledge of the
right from the bus, thus reducing the operation, simply hold down the RESET machine. What would have been nice is
number of wires hanging from the back key while powering up. Should you pow- a utility program under DOS that would
of the enclosure. The only cable connec- er up and want to stop the disk, depress- check each slot for a device and deter-
tions run from the controller card to the ing RESET, will drop you into the ROM - mine if it could be properly interfaced.
drives. resident language and stop the drives. If Should the installed card not be of Ap-
In a system of this size, two drives- RESET is not used, the drives will run ple origin or directly supported by Ap-
40 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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41
SEPTEMBER 1981
 compute
ple, its attributes could then be re- do believe, however, that it fits well into schools that use it for teaching every-
quested and held in a system map file. environments requiring rapid data col- thing from computer science to manu-
Application programs could use this file lection and into graphic arts. In fact, the facturing skills. -Carl Warren
by simply calling the device. machine has found a home in numerous CIRCLE NO. 102 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
As described, we encountered no
problems with heat or, for that matter,
bus loading. But we noticed that it does
become a tight fit when you start adding
cards to the backplane; such is the price
of ready portability. And speaking of
portability, a card -restraint cage would
be a nice touch, even at a slight cost.

Comments. The Apple is one of the

most widely supported machines on the
personal computer market today, with
over 300 companies providing hardware,
software or both. Additionally, numer-
ous manufacturers see the machine as a
low -cost entry to the high -end graphics
marketplace.
Interestingly, though this may be
strictly our perception, the audio aspect
of the machine has not caught on. But
this may be changing. According to
some observers, sophisticated voice -out-
put devices will make the machine
downright conversational.
As far as we are concerned, the Apple
II Plus gets high marks and has no seri-
ous shortcomings anywhere. But as ca-
pable as this machine is, we aren't con-
vinced that it is ideal for business. We

The MX-100.
Not just better. Bigger.
Epson.
The new Epson MX -100 is a printer that must be seen
to be believed.
For starters, we built in absolutely unmatched cor-
respondence quality printing and a high resolution
bit -image graphics capability. Then we added the
ability to print up to 233 columns of information on
15.5" wide paper to give you the most incredible
spread sheets you're ever likely to see. Finally, we
topped it all off with both a satin -smooth friction feed
platen and fully adjustable, removable tractors. And
the list of standard features goes on and on and on.
Needless to say, the specs on this machine and
-
especially at under $1000 are practically unbelieva-
-
ble. But there's something about the MX -100 that goes
far beyond just the specs. Mere words fail us. But
when you see an MX -100, you'll know what we mean.
It's not only better ... it's bigger.

EPSON
EPSON AMERICA, INC.
3415 Kashiwa Street Torrance, California 90505
(213)539 -9140
CIRCLE NO 27 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
42 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Q-GL TRC PTBLE
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MULTIPLEXER, DM -12
t

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-8 big easy(x-to -read .43" high intensity
Convert your single channel scope Into a 4 or 8 channel instrument. rust connect
-- Crystal
Convenient benchtop size (7 "x10"x3 ")
LED display
3 ppm 251 controlled 0.1 or 1.0 sec. gate times

the signals you want to view. Simple, easy, fast -

the DM -12.8 channel scope multiplexer to your scope, clip the 8 input probes to
can handle logic level TTL
durable attractive case

trols and selectable sampling rate -

signals front DC to 3MHz. Features separate spacing and trace amplitude con-
all to insure easy clear scope display. COMPLETELY

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ASSEMBLED
PRE -CALIBRATED
PRE -TESTED
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mill miff to use! CRT 13080831(5 -inch, round shape)
MC- munir RUM -II1ni- Display area 8nf Odiv (1 div = 9.5mm)
S e- Acceleration potential Approx. 2kV LOW OHM METER
ail Intensity modulation Over 5Vp-p
wx alA an
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MODULE, DM -10
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1mV div x6 %. DC -5MHz Typ, - 3dB
(Using x5 amplifier) OM 10 IOW OHM MEIER MODULE

- 8 TTL compatible input channels (1 TTL load per

Rite time
Dynamic range
24ns
More than 4div at t5MHz

- channel) can drive 50 Ohm scope cable.

Maximum full screen amplitude 1.6 Volts adlusta-
VIEW 8 Input R and C

Maximum input voltage

Direct 1M Ohm, approx. 30pF
6009p -p Or300V(DC u AC peak)
26

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Trace amplitude and spacing controls.
CHANNELS
AT ONCE!
Display mode Single -trace
MI
- 4 or 8 channel selector switch.
8 color coded input cable. 24- long with insulated
n'y operation OC -500 kHz. 200mVrdiv
Phase difference DC- 10kHz 3
CAI RAC:

- alligator clips. -i
External 9 VDC power supply included (Model
95 Horizontal deflection
(- Ma to mama Raiff UERTMics
-- MMAC-2).
Size 6.25"e 3.75"x 2"
BNC Output Cable Accessory (Model PSA -2 add
Sweep mode
TV synchronization
Auto, NORM, TV (+ ), TV
TV sync- separator circuit

$14 951 Internal Over dia (V sync -signal)

1 Measures resistance from 10 milliOhms to 20 Ohms. Now you can
External Over Vp -p (V sync -signal)
1
measure resistance down to 10 milliOhms with this low cost, easy
to use DVM module. Check coil resistance, transformers, relays.
Trigger sensitivity
chokes, printed circuit board copper paths and ground cables.

LOW COST CAPACITANCE Frequency Internal External Special zero balance control nulls out Input cable resistance to in-
sure accurate readings. Your DVM has to be set to 2V range during
20Hz- -2MHz
2 -- 15MHz
0.5div
1.5div
200mV
800mV -operation.

METER MODULE, DM -8
Resistance range 10 milliOhms

Triggers ope
Sweep time 0.2iusrdiv- 0.2srdiv 5%, 19 calibrated steps
-- to 20 Ohms
Zero Calibration control
Battery powered (push to read
Connect this high quality low cost Capacitance Meter Module, DM-
8 to your digital Volt Meter and turn it into a Digital Capacitance Me-
ter- the Low Cost Way!
Sweep-tree magnifier
Max. sweep rate

Amplita e calibrator
10 times
100nsrdiv
(_7 %)
-
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1.9 Volt Battery (not included)
Size 6.25" e 3.75 "x2 "(In ut ca-
bles not included or available)
$6995
Waveform 1kHz -10% Typ, Square wave
Voltage 0.5V n 3%

Completely
Power requirements 100V (120120240V)
50/60Hz, 40W
10%
FREQUENCY METER MODULE
assembled and
tested! Ready
Dimensione Approx. 275(W) x 19018) x 400(D)mm "5Hz to 100MHz", DM -11
Weight Approx. 8.5kg
to use! o- .4l) C
Ambient operation
temperature /N-il FIHIENCI TI IIITAIf NI/atI
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Push to read range (button) from 1pF tc
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In one easy to use, sell-contained pack-
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with a resolution of 3 12 digits easy to use perfect tor field -
SUPPLY, LOW PRICED!, DM -6 service lab testing home hobbyist! Connect the DM -11 to
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has short indicator LED. Complete and ready for use in a durable (8 "x6 "x31.2' 8 CHANNEL MULTIPLEXER --
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Frequency Range 5Hz to 100MHz

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POSTAGE 8 HANDLING
It for any reason, whatsoever, you are not completely satisfied with
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CIRCLE NO. 2 ON FREE INFORMATION CARO

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Now you don't have to spend a fortune to
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The Shopsmith MARK V combines five major power tools
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Whether you're an experienced specialized operations, like mortis- "What to Look For When You Buy
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CIRCLE NO 62 ON FREE INFORMATION CARO
 XEWIII TH E

ELECTRIC MOUTH

OMPUTCR
Bn3 for SI00, Elf 11, Apple, TRS -80 Level
From $99.95 kit
11'"

By Carl Warren
Now- teach your computer to
talk, dramatically increasing
High -End Systems (for Low -End Buyers) the interaction between you
and your machine.
That's right: the ELECTRIC MOUTH actually lets
TWO prestigious companies, Xerox than $3,000) to medium ($10,000) price your computer talk! Installed and on -line in just
minutes, its ready for spoken -language use in office,
and Hewlett- Packard, have added range. business, industrial and commercial applications.
The principal significance of these de-
their names in the very- small -business
computer field. Both manufacturers velopments is that the professional sys- rity devices -
in games, special projects, R&D, education, secu-
there's no end to the ELECTRIC
MOUTH's usefulness. Look at these features:
have introduced powerful word- and terns approach has entered the world of Supplied with 143 words /letters/ phonemes/
data- processing microcomputer systems small systems. For example, the Xerox numbers, capable of producing hundreds of words
featuring the versatile industry- recog- 820 sports a full -screen display (80 X and phrases.
,t Expandable on -board up to thousands of words
nized standard operating system, 24) with reverse video and full -screen and phrases (just add additional speech ROMs as
CP/M. Both systems are in the low (less mapping, a detachable full- function they become available).
* Four models, which plug directly into S100, Apple,
Elf 11 and TRS-80 Level II computers.
at Get it to talk by using either Basic or machine
language (very easy to use. complete instructions
with examples included).
,r Uses National Semiconductor's "Digitalker"
system.
Includes on-board audio amplifier and speaker,
with provisions for external speakers and
amplifier.
* Adds a new dimension and excitement to pro-
gramming: lets you modify existing programs and
games to add spoken announcements of results.
warnings, etc.
Installs in just minutes.
Principle of Operation: The ELECTRIC MOUTH
stores words in their digital equivalents in ROMs.
When words, phrases, and phonemes are desired,
they are simply called for by your program and then
synthesized into speech. The ELECTRIC MOUTH
system requires none of your valuable memory
space except for a few addresses if used in memory
mapped mode. In most cases, output ports (user
selectable) are used.
Spoken Material Included
eighteen dollar inches numher
Iwo nineteen cancel down is of second
se d
three hventy raw egos) it off set e
four thidy mnl kilo spore f
five frail, 400hena one fee, eft out speed g
fitly r
six mhena tone
sven sixty 20ms silence fuel parenthesis stastart
easel. h e
eight mY 40ms silence gallon mil percent slop j

nine elghlY Barns silent go please than k

ten finery 160ms silence gram plus the I

eleven hundred 320ms silence great markr prlim ling

twelve thousand cacti greater meter pound try
thinren million check have m pulses up
fourteen xero comma high milli rate voll p
fifteen again control higher minus re weight q
sixteen ampere
pe danger hour minute ready
seventeen and degree in near right h

"'Elf II" and "The Electric Mouth" are reg. trademarks of

Netronics R&D Ltd. "Apple" is a reg. trademark of Apple
Computer Inc. "TR 9-80 Level II" is a reg. trademark of Tandy
Corp.
Continental U.S.A. Credit Card Buyers Outside Connecticut
CALL TOLL FREE 800 -243 -7428
To Order From Connecticut Or For Technical Assistance, Etc.,

Call (203) 354 -9375

NETRONICS R&D LTD. Dept PE
333 Litchfield Road, New Milford, CT 06776
Please send the items checked below:
SI00 "Electrlc Mouth" kit $99.95
I1 "Electric Mouth" kit
Elf $99.95
Apple "Electric Mouth" kit SI 19.95
TRS80 Level II "Electric Mouth" kit SI19.95
Add $20.00 for wired & tested units. All plus $3.00 postage & in-
surance. Conn res. add sales tax.
Total Enclosed S
Personal Check Cashier's Check/Money Order
VIsa Master Charge (Bank No

Acct No
Signature Exp Date
Print
Name
Address
City
The Hewlett- Packard HP -125 microcomputer system supports %Stale Zt
two RS -232C serial ports and employs two Z-80A microprocessors.
SEPTEMBER 1981 45
 eornpute,rs
keyboard, a choice of 5.25 -in. or 8 -in. The IBM product is believed to be the Sources close to the computer giant say
floppy disks, and a full range of CP /M- system that has been under development that agreements are in the making for
compatible software. Some very sophis- at the General Systems Division in Boca the use of MBASIC, SuperCalc, dBase
ticated communications features are Raton, FL. The unit reportedly is built II, and a variety of other popular soft-
provided, too. Specifically, the 820 sup- around Intel's 8088 microprocessor and ware products, including those of Per-
ports the 872/873 Communication will use the operating system designed sonal Software, but neither IBM nor the
Server, which provides for Ethernet by Microsoft. This operating system is suppliers would comment.
compatibility for future expansion of the supposed to be like the CP/M system, From the miniworld, you can proba-
machine. Because it is generally agreed and many believe that it may be CP/M bly expect to see low -end (less than
that software is the primary ingredient 86, rather than the Unix -like Microsoft $1,000) entrants from both Digital
in the success of any computer, Xerox is version. The system supposedly will sup- Equipment and Data General. Whether
offering a version of Micropro's Word- port up to 256K bytes of RAM and or not these machines will be CP/M
Star wordprocessing system, Sorcim's employ dual- tandem double- density compatible is anyone's guess; right now
Supercalc electronic worksheet, and (96 -tpi) floppy drives. no one will say.
other CP /M- compatible packages. To support the lowest end of the per-
The 820 is priced at $2,995 for CRT, sonal computer spectrum, observers Computer Networks. Due to typo-
keyboard, 64K bytes of memory, and speculate that IBM will offer a stripped - graphical errors three numbers shown in
two 5.25 -in single- density floppy disks. down version for less than $1,000 when the June, 1981 column are in error.
Adding the optional 40 -cps daisywheel the larger unit is introduced. Interest- These are 503- 641 -5510, 503- 641 -9029
printer (Diablo Model 630) brings the ingly, both IBM systems are based on its and 817 -776 -1325. Please do not call
price to $5,895. 3101 terminal with add -ons. these numbers as they are private resi-
Although Xerox chose not to bundle Whatever the fate of IBM's entries dences. We apologize for the error. Also,
any software into the basic package, it is into this market, software incompatibili- the listing of 915 -584 -5393 is no longer
offered at standard prices. For example, ties will apparently not be a problem. available. p
the word -processing package carries a
$500 price tag regardless of disk size, 8-
or 5.25- in. CP /M is an extra $200.
Hewlett-Packard's HP-125 CP /M
system is $6,960. This is a Z -80 -based
system with dual 5.25 -in. disk drives,
two RS -232C communication ports and
an integrated 80 -cps thermal printer.
Unlike Xerox, Hewlett- Packard in-
cludes CP /M in the base price, but you
should expect to pay extra for additional
software. Among the software options
offered by HP are: VisiCalc/ 125, $200;
Word/ 125, $500 (a version of Word-
Star); Graphics/ 125, $200 (a version of
Personal Software's Visitrend /Visiplot
package, designed for creating graphs
and doing trend analysis); BASIC 80,
$325; Link/ 125, $150; and a CP /M
utility package, $125.
HP, like Xerox, has allowed for com-
munications applications and future
growth. Hardware and software provi-
sions have been made to permit the 125
to operate in the company's HP -3000
EDP network or other large mainframe
systems.
The HP -125 employs dual Z -80A mi-
croprocessors and sports a full 64K
bytes of RAM memory. One processor
serves the computation requirements of
the system, while the other handles the
screen /terminal chores.
Xerox and HP have paid close atten-
tion to the human engineering needs of
the intended user. The 820 and 125 use
easy -to -understand menus to guide you
in the use of the system(s). Moreover,
specific functions such as screen scroll-
ing are assigned individual keys.
Enter IBM. There are more introduc-
tions forthcoming, but from more tradi-
tional computer manufacturers. The
long- awaited IBM entry is imminent,
but it will not be based on the S -100 bus,
nor will it be greeted with open arms as
some "experts" have predicted. As evi-
denced by the 5110 and 5120, IBM (its
position as undisputed leader in new
high technology notwithstanding) is un-
able to offer the level of support re- The Xerox 820 information system includes a Z-80 microprocessor,
quired by the small- system user. 64K bytes of RAM, detachable keyboard, and is CP!M compatible.
46 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 2716, 2758, or TMS 2716. It has power - the CDP1802 CPU, with up to 2K of
on reset, manual reset and it supports RAM and 8K of ROM. It has a flexible

MPUTER the 8085 interrupt structure. The power

supply is on board and only an external
I/O circuit. Power requirements are 4 to
6 volts dc at 10 mA. Features include

soUIs transformer is required. It also has a RS -232 or current -loop, parallel I /O,
wire -wrap area. $185. CPU-1A (512 multiplexed I/O that can handle 10 di-
bytes RAM, 44 I/O lines, two timers) is gits and 80 keys, and a ROM monitor. A
$220. Address: Pragmatic Designs Inc., bus interface is provided. Price ranges
950 Benicia Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94086 from $175 to $300 depending on op-
By Leslie Solomon tions. Address: Technical Micro Sys-
(Tel: 408 -736- 8670).
Senior Technical Editor tems, Inc., 366 Cloverdale, Ann Arbor,
6800 Trainer. "Trainer 1" is a two - MI 48105 (Tel: 313- 994 -0784).
board computer using a 6808 CPU with
11/4K RAM, provisions for 4K PROM Printers. The Sprinter -20 prints 20
and onboard I /O. It has an 8 -digit dis- characters wide, optionally sideways or
Hardware play, hex keypad, Tbug 2K monitor, and upside down lines, at a normal print
hardware trace. Optional equipment in- speed of 1.5 ips. Up to 5 different char-
cludes KC cassette I /O, parallel I /O, acter sizes can be selected via ASCII
serial (RS232/20 mA) port, crystal - control codes or 140 X n dot matrix in
controlled baud rate generator, and ex- graphics mode. It measures 7.5" W X
3.5" Floppy Disk. The Sony 3.5 -inch pansion cards. Starts at $349. Address: 5" D X 3" H ($175). The Sprinter -40
"Micro Floppydisk Drive" features Omnibyte Corp., 245 W. Roosevelt Rd prints 40 characters wide, at a selectable
437.5K bytes double- density, single -side (1 -5), West Chicago, IL 60185 (Tel: print speed of 2,3, or 4 ips. Wraparound
unformatted and 322.5K bytes format- 312-231 -6880). facility permits printing of lines greater
ted. The transfer rate is 500K bits /s, than 40 characters. In graphics mode, it
Apple Parallel I /O. The APIO al- has 280 X n dot matrix. It measures
lows 8 -bit parallel access to Apple II 10.5" W X 7.5" D X 4" H ($295).
and Apple II Plus systems. The board Interface is parallel, 7 -bit ASCII plus
provides 16 bidirectional data lines, and Strobe, Busy and Acknowledge. Serial
four handshaking lines for two 8 -bit bi- RS -232 to 9600 baud, 1 or 2 stop bits.
directional interface ports. The direction Address: Alphacom, Inc., 2323 So. Bas-
of the data lines is under software con- corn Ave., Campbell, CA 95008 (Tel:
trol. On -board PROM operates a print- 408-249 -2152).
er and makes the board independent of
Apple slots. $109 assembled, $79 kit. Apple Light Pen. The LPS II light
Address: SSM Microcomputer Products pen allows high- resolution (280 X 192)
Inc., 2190 Paragon Drive, San Jose, CA graphics on an Apple II. It is compatible
95131 (Tel: 408 -946- 7400). with all languages, and usable in every
latency is 50 ms, and access time track-
to-track is 15 ms. The drive is 2 "H X Tiny BASIC Module. The K -8073
4 "W X 5.1 "D and weighs 1.7 pounds. uses the INS8073 CPU with Tiny BA-
A special hard -cover diskette is used. SIC, and includes an RS -232 I/O port,
Power dissipation is 7.5 watts contin- cassette port, 8K EPROM, with one
uous, 3.3 watts standby. $400. Diskettes slot, 1K RAM, with internal expansion
are $5 each. Address: Sony Data Prod- to 8K, STD Bus, Asynchronous Rec/
ucts Div., 15 Essex Rd., Paramus, NJ Trans remote controller for single -wire
07652 (Tel: 201 -368 -5000). data control and retrieval of 8 -bit words
from 128 remote slave stations. It has
Computer Percussion. The Rhythm PPI with 24 bi- directional I/O lines,
Box is a computer peripheral that syn- and a real -time clock. Unit is on a 4.5"
thesizes the sounds of seven different X 6.5" card and requires 5 volts. $388.
percussion instruments including bass Address: Transwave Corp., RD 1, Box
drum, wood block, snare drum, short 489, Vanderbilt, PA 15486 (Tel: 412-
cymbals, long cymbals, hand clap, and 628- 6303).
tom -toms. It is programmed in Level II
BASIC or assembly language using a Color Printer Interface. The
single OUT instruction. It comes with CPRINT module allows a Centronics -
two interface options; Model RBX -T type parallel port for the TRS -80 Color screen mode. It provides 60-Hz coordi-
($149) for the TRS -80 Model I Level II Computer. Firmware allows all LLIST nate generation, and can be installed on
and the RBX -S ($179) for other com- and PRINT # -2 outputs, a screen-print the Apple motherboard so no slots are
puters, and connects to any standard function can be initiated at any time, required. $285. Address: Gibson Labs.,
9600 -baud serial port with RS232 or 20- line width can be set, graphics in the Building 10, 406 Orange Blossom, Ir-
mA provisions. Address: Newtech Com- LPVII can be accessed, page length can vine, CA 92714 (Tel: 714 -559- 8727).
puter Systems, Inc., 230 Clinton St., be set, and blank lines inserted between
Brooklyn, NY 11201 (Tel: 212 -625- pages. The CPRINT module is a fully Ham TRS -80. The " Terminall" con-
6220). buffered 8 -bit I/O port that can inter- verts any TRS -80 into a flexible ama-
face with any Model I /III which plug teur radio terminal. It contains the nec-
Single -Board Computer. The CPU - into the printer port. It is compatible essary interface, audio demodulation,
1 is an 8085 -based system similar to the with all versions of the Color Computer AFSK tone generator and transmitter
Intel 80/04. It operates at 3 MHz, and and requires no extra memory. $49.95 keying hardware. Plug it into the receiv-
includes 256 bytes of RAM, 22 I/O Address: Micro -Labs, Inc., 902 Pine - er headphone jack and copy Morse code,
lines, serial I/O port, programmable crest, Richardson, TX 75080. (Tel: 214- with code speed displayed on status line,
counter /timer, and two sockets for 235- 0915). Baudot, or ASCII. ASCII capability
EPROM, expandable on board to 512 provides upper- and lower -case, control
bytes of RAM, 44 I/O lines, and two CMOS Computer. The BASYS/ is 1 codes, even /odd /no parity, 6/7/8 data
clock timers. The EPROM can be 2708, an all CMOS computer designed around bits, 75/110 baud. Software is on cas-
47
SEPTEMBER 1981
 computers
sette or diskette and all you have to do is demo and fast /normal modes ($39.95). move sentences or paragraphs to differ-
enter your callsign and time to initiate "The Best of Muse" includes five games ent locations ($24.95). The "Color As-
the program. Text can be typed while with two three -dimensional maze puz- sembler" is a 6809 type that supports all
receiving or transmitting. Terminal! T1 zles, "Tank War," "Music Box," and six mnemonics and addressing modes along
requires Model I with 16K RAM and mini games. $64.75. Both require an with standard assembler options and di-
Level II BASIC. Terminal) T3 requires Apple with disk. Address: MUSE, 330 rectives. It is a two -pass assembler
Model III with 16K RAM and Model N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21201 ($29.95). The Power Pack plugs into the
III BASIC. Address: Macrotronics, (Tel: 301 -659- 7212). interface slot and provides up to 6K ad-
Inc., 1125 N. Golden State Blvd., Tur- ditonal RAM and a 2K monitor. A diag-
lock, CA 95380 (Tel: 209 -667 -2888 or nostic cassette is included ($159). Ad-
634 -8888). Medical Software. Medirec is a total
dress: Computerware, Box 668, 1512
medical history and report preparation
program for office forms, patient and Encinitas Blvd., Encinitas, CA 92024
family history, symptoms, diagnosis, (Tel: 714 -436- 3512).
and treatments. It can prepare referral
requests, patient history summaries, and
New Language. HI is a general -pur-
pose microlanguage that fits in 3K bytes
Software referral reports. The diskette records
and features an incremental compiler
550 visits (per diskette). Individual re-
using selective threaded -code techniques
cords can be recalled, linked and printed
either whole or in parts. It also contains to produce portable ROM -able code.
Talking Dump. Data declarations allow character, byte,
Designed for 6800/ a full complement of office routines. It
6809 SS -50 systems (and soon available and integer types using upper- and low-
requires a 48K Apple, an 80- column
for Radio Shack Color Computer), er -case symbolic names of unlimited
printer, and two disk drives. A Corvus
NEWTALK is a completely relocatable system is also available. $199.95. Ad-
length. It has fast integer math sup-
utility that does a byte -by -byte memory ported with decimal, hex, octal, or bina-
dress: Charles Mann & Associates, Mi-
dump of a selected memory area and cro Software Div., 7594 San Remo ry- bases; 14 statements allow multiple
prints the output on screen as well as statements per line; II control struc-
Trail, Yucca Valley, CA 92284 (Tel: tures allow input and timed input condi-
speaking it out through a loudspeaker. 714- 365- 9718).
$35 on disk or cassette. Address: Star - tionals, single, double or multiple
Kits, Box 209, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549. branch conditionals, pre- and post -loop
Color Computer Utilities. The testing, and machine -language calls.
"Color Editor" designed for the Radio Five assignment modes provide implied
Apple Games. "Three Mile Island" Shack Color Computer allows both up- assignment, multiple assignment, multi-
is a quick -response machine language per- and lower -case features and will ple equivalence, automatic dynamic
game that simulates TMI in action. It print via the RS232 port. It has change type conversion, pointer referencing, in-
features six full -color displays and auto/ and search commands, and can copy or dexed arrays, bidimensional files, string

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CIRCLE NO. 50 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 computers
truncation, string length and random alog if desired. It also allows printing on TRSDOS diskette. Address: Bluebird
number operators, and array assign- the user list. It works on both multi- and Computer Software, 2267 23rd St.,
ments in load and unload forms. Com- single -disk systems, and comes on either Wyandotte, MI 48192 (Tel: 313 -285-
plete Z80 listing is $24. Address: Sys - 5" or 8" diskettes. $35 plus $1.50 han- 4455).
temed, Box 18, Mountain City, TN dling. Address: Elliam Associates,
37683 (Tel: 615- 727 -6000). 24000 Bessemer St., Woodland Hills, TRS -80 Cross Assembler. These
CA 91367. TRS -80- compatible assembler /editors
CP /M Utilities. "Unprotect" provides cover the Intel 8048 (ASMB -48), the
the original source code for any program TRS-80 Users Group. The Comput- RCA 1802/1804 (ASMB-18), National
that is saved in a protected format. An er Information Exchange is a nonprofit COP400 (ASMB -CP4), Zilog Z -8
8" diskette and CP /M 2.0 or later are national TRS -80 user group that is in- (ASMB-Z8), Fairchild /Mostek 3870
required ($70). "Undelete" restores a troducing inexpensive new software for (ASMB -F8), and the AMI S2000
file just as it was before the kill or erase the TRS -80, besides allowing members (ASMB -20). Each assembler shares a
command, unless the directory entry has to purchase hardware items on a group common operational structure. With
been overwritten. It allows a sector -by- basis. For further information contact minor exceptions, the assemblers fea-
sector inspection with selective restora- Computer Information Exchange, Inc., ture instruction mnemonics and syntax
tion of "lost" data ($45). Address: Sys - Box 159, San Luis Rey, CA 92068 (Tel: as defined by the processor manufactur-
temation Inc., Box 75, Richton Park, IL 714 -757- 4849). er. Source files can be saved on tape or
60471 (Tel: 312 -481 -2420). disk, and programs must be off- loaded
Information Management. INF080 to target processor. Each development
ZX8O Group. Licensed hams using is an automatic information filing and system is $75 on cassette or MOD II dis-
the Sinclair ZX80 or Microace now management system for the TRS -80 kette and requires a TRS -80 Model I or
have a user net on single sideband. Con- Model I and Model III. It creates a vir- Model III with 32K RAM. Address:
tact Marty Irons, K2MI, 46 Magic Cir- tual dictionary of information that can Allen Ashley, 395 Sierra Madre Villa,
cle Drive, Goshen, NY 10924. be quickly located. It supports contin- Pasadena, CA 91107 (Tel: 213-793-
uously variable record input length and 5748).
CP /M Unerase Utility. The UN- automatically extends disk files. The
ERA program can be used to recover cross -referencing has an infinitely long Invaders for Color Comput-
one or more ERAsed programs in a CP/ data base, spanning any number of dis- er. Color Invaders is an arcade game in
M system. When entered, the program kettes. Two global commands locate color and with sound with 8 levels of
will recatalog the file back on the disk general or specific information over any play for the TRS -80 Color Computer. It
directory. It can also work its way number of diskettes. It is supplied in ob- requires 16K and Power Pack. $19.95:
through the directory and display each ject code directly executable from Address: Computerware, Box 668, En-
ERAsed file and allow the user to recat- TRSDOS. $100 on data diskette, $115 cinitas, CA 92024 (Tel: 714 -436- 35112).

N.

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Ideal for small businesses, schools, colleges. homes, etc
Suitable for the experienced, inexperienced, hobbyist 74LS00 $0.15
TTL SALE
74LS74 $0.45 74LS365 $0.75
LO r
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0 Z80
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(} WITH
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14 PIN$0.10
WITH NEW MANUAL ONLY $35

,,. ::/`
18 PIN $0.15 24 PIN $0.25
EXTRA 16 PIN$0.10 20 PIN $0.15 40 PIN $0.30
.- 1OV Power Adapter 600m1 $6.90 UHF Modulators $9.90
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ONLY
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$575' 16K user RAM
plus extended 12K Microsoft
POSTAGE -;
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BASIC in ROMFulIyTRSBOLevelll GET YOURSELF A NEW EPSON Only runs with NEW ROM
ONLY $29

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(Smooth screen display)
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monitor or UHF TV Full expansion to disks and printer
SAVE A FORTUNE
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gl ICI $190 Full TRS80 " $20 ONLY ONLY
16K $149
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ONCE FILLED A ROOM Professional
CAN NOW BE CARRIED IN YOUR POCKET, s audio mixer
Programs in BASIC "OWERTY" Alphabetic that you can
Keyboard 1.9K Random Access Memory build yourself ' IMicroecel

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and save = "
over $200. A COMPLETE

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$199 for
l',

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i

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nt the world s
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Il POSTAGE
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Post and Packing FREE
OR PCR $8.00 MAIN LSI $17.00 ACCESSIT AUDIO ADD -ONS -
Sinclair is a Registered Trademark of Sinclair Research Ltd.

H I(10aC t
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MicroAce or phone your order quoting Master Charge, Visa,
Please make checks and money orders payable to
Diners Club or American Express number for immediate despatch. Add 6% Tax for Shipments inside California.
MicroAce, 1348 East Edinger, Santa Ana, California, Zip Code 92705. Telephone: (714) 5472526

50 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
IS YOUR HEART EXERCISING
WHEN YOU ARE?

Everyone's talking about the your maximum heart rate. This is

importance of exercise. But how can you your "training zone:' The Genesis
tell if it's doing your heart any good? computer tells you how many minutes
One way is to monitor your pulse you've exercised at the right pulse rate
rate. But if you've ever tried to use a and warns you if you're not working seconds
hard enough. ago? Instead, Genesis picks up every
pulse meter, you know this is easier said single beat of your heart and makes
than done. No pulse meter on the market The other reason has to do with
has been able to give you accurate life itself. The Genesis computer will the computations instantly.
readings conveniently while you give an audible warning if you're Program your pub
exercise. pushing your heart dangerously. While Imagine having a direct line to
The crystal breakthrough you exercise -or during a stressful day at your heart. That's exactly what the
The trouble with most pulse the office. If your doctor has warned you Genesis Exercise Computer gives you.
about your heart rate, you know right It's an important tool for the serious
meters is that they use an older, exerciser, the cardiac patient, or anyone
temperamental monitoring process. away if things are getting out of hand.
through your Medical chip who wants to monitor the key indicator
They read blood density of health, fitness, and longevity.
skin with a projection of infrared light. A medically designed micro-
processor chip ins'de the Genesis Just program the Genesis Com-
The slightest movement, light, or pres- puter to tell you exactly what you need to
sure can throw them off completely. Exercise Computer makes it smarter
than any other know about your pulse rate. It's as
The Genesis Exercise Computer simple as a digital watch, if not simpler.
overcomes this problem for the first pulse meter.
This is why it Want an idea of how exact it is? In a
time. It uses a patented crystal which recent comparison with clinical EKG
picks up the actual sound waves of your does much more
pulse. Much more precise, and than units costing equipment, it was rated at 94% accuracy
movement or light don't interfere. 2 -3 times as much.
that even amazes doctors. Pretty incred-
It's the first truly accurate pulse Genesis takes ible for a device you wear on your wrist.
meter you can conveniently wear your pulse; lets Only $159.95, 30 days free.
while you exercise. you program your Units on the market costing $350
Readings on the run exercise zone to $800 don't do nearly as much as the
Strap the compact, 3 -ounce simply and Sensor slips aroundfinger, Genesis Exercise Computer. Plus they're
your quickly; measures picks up even' heartbeat awkward to use, and less accurate.
Genesis Exercise Computer to while you're exercising. Which makes the low price of
wrist. Program it easily with your your cardiac re-
minimum, maximum, and resting pulse covery time, another key to fitness; paces Genesis even more amazing. It's only
you with a built -in metronome, if you $159.95. Plus $2.50 postage and handling.
rates. And go.
Not only will Genesis give you an like; and even tells time, in hours and Better yet, you can try it for 30
minutes. days absolutely free. If you're not
on-the -mark pulse reading at any
second. It'll tell you if you're over or Reading your pulse properly isn't satisfied, mail it back for a refund, no
under your preset maximum or as simple as it might seem, because questions asked. Genesis is factory
everyone's pulse is erratic. Your heart warranteed for one year.
minimum. Send your check for $159.95 plus
90% of other pulse monitors force might have 5 fast beats, followed by 2
slow ones, 1 fast one, 4 slow ones, and $2.50 delivery. Credit card holders: use
you to stop while taking readings, our toll -free number.
because movement upsets the com- so on.
putation. Genesis is unique in that it The medical chip and patented ORDER TOLL FREE:
works while you move. Genesis sensor take this into account. (800) 423.6383
Why is this important? Two Other less expensive devices "hold" an
reasons. The first has to do with exercise. average of beats over a period of time
(such as 20 seconds), which often gives
SUNSHINE EXPRESS
To strengthen your heart, doctors 4357 Chase Ave.
recommend 20 -30 minutes of distortedly high or low readings. Who Los Angeles, CA 90066
continuous exercise at 70% to 85% of wants to know what their pulse was 20 In California Call (213) 822-7236
 EOUIPMENT AND TRAING
NO OTHER SCHOOL CAN MATCH.
NTS HOME TRANNG INVITES YOU TO EXPLORE MICROCOMPUTERS,
DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND MORE, WITH STATE -OF-THE -ART EQUIPMENT
YOU ASSEMBLE AND KEEP.
Without question, microcomputers are the Send for the full color catalog in the elec-
state of the art in electronics. And NTS is the tronics area of your choice -discover all the
only home study school that enables you to advantages of home study with NTS!
train for this booming field by working with NTS also offers courses in Auto Mechanics,
your own production -model microcomputer. Air Conditioning and Home Appliances. Check
We'll explain the principles of trouble- card for more information.
shooting and testing your microcomputer and,
best of all, we'll show you how to
program it to do what you want. 1.
You'll use a digital multimeter, a
digital logic probe and other
sophisticated testing
gear to learn how to
localize problems
and solve
them.

We
believe
that training
on production -
model equipment,
rather than home -made learning devices,
makes home study more exciting and rele-
vant. That's why you'll find such gear in most
of NTS's electronics programs.
For instance, to learn Color TV Servicing
you'll build and keep the 25 -inch (diagonal)
NTS /HEATH digital color TV.
In Communications Electronics you'll be
able to assemble and keep your own
NTS /HEATH 2 -meter FM transceiver, plus test
equipment.
But no matter which program you choose,
NTS's Project Method of instruction helps you
quickly to acquire practical know-how.

52 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Simulated TV Reception
4.

NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
SCHOOLS
TECHNICAL-TRADE TRAINING SINCE 1905
Resident and Home -Study Schools
4000 SO. FIGUEROA ST., LOS ANGELES. CA. 90037

1. The NTS /Rockwell AIM 65 r -i

NATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
Microcomputer A single board unit 4000 South Figueroa Street. Dept. 205 -091
with on -board 20 column alphanumeric Los Angeles, California 90037
printer and 20 character display. A 6502 -based Please rush FREE color catalog on course checked below
unit 4K RAM, expandable. 2. The NTS/KIM -1
MicroComputers /MicroProcessors Auto Mechanics
Microcomputer A single board unit with 6 digit
Communications Electronics Air Conditioning
LED display and on -board 24 key hexadecimal
Digital Electronics Home Appliances
calculator-type keyboard. A 6502 based Industrial Technology Color TV Servicing
microcomputer with 1K RAM, expandable.
3. The NTS/HEATH H -89 Microcomputer Name Age
features floppy disk storage, "smart"
video terminal, two Z80 micro- Address
processors, 16K RAM memory, expand-
able to 48K. 4. The NTS /HEATH GR-
Apt. -- -- __ City
2001 Digital Color TV (25" diagonal) State Zip -

features specialized AGC -SYNC muting,

filtered color and new solid -state high L Check if interested in G.I. information.
Check if interested ONLY in classroom training in Los Angeles.
voltage tripler rectifier.
I. J

SEPTEMBER 1981 55
 WITH SOME
TAPE YOU
CAN'T TELL
YOUR BRASS
FROM
YOUR OBOE.
When the oxide particles on recording tape aren't of a
uniform size and shape, you can end up listening to distortion
as well as music. The sounds of different instruments get
blurred together, and your music loses its clarity.
At Maxell, every inch of our tape is checked and rechecked
to make sure the oxide particles are
perfectly uniform. Which means when
you listen to music on Maxell tape,
every instrument will sound perfectly
clear.
So if you can't tell your brass from
your oboe, try using our tape. IT,S WORTH IT.
56 CIRCLE NO. 47 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Popular Hect roii ics
SEPTEMBER 1981

BY RANDY CARLSTROM

DLSC\ \G
WT T
8080 MICROPROCESSOR
Par] ThoBoscSyste..
With the widely used 8080 as a
model, the basic features of a central
processing system are explored

IN ADDITION to its obvious appli- each design programmable only via its Elements that are variable must be
cation as the central processing unit own set of instructions. The unit that stored in RAM (random- access memo-
(CPU) of a computer system, the micro- will be covered in detail in this series is ry), which can be written, erased, and
processor has found its way into a vari- the 8080. Since this CPU is the grand- rewritten by the CPU.
ety of products ranging from kitchen father of a growing family of processors, To affect or control devices that inter-
equipment to sophisticated laboratory including the Z80, 8048, and 8085, all act with the outside world, the processor
data -acquisition systems. The key to this with a common internal programming must deliver signals to them. It does this
widespread utility is flexibility, which in language, most of the information will by means of an I/O (input /output) port.
turn comes from the microprocessor's apply to the entire family as well. In- As the name implies, an I/O port can
unique ability to alter its internal logic structions not used by the 8080 will not, also deliver signals to the CPU from de-
in response to an external program. however, be covered. vices that sense external parameters.
Since the response to inputs from the Electrical signals representing data,
program is extremely rapid-on the or- The Basic System. Like many pro- instructions, and addresses (the loca-
der of a few microseconds -the proces- cessors and logic elements, the 8080 re- tions of particular items in memory)
sor can change its electrical configura- quires a small number of support ICs in pass between the CPU, memory devices,
tion practically instantaneously, usually order to function. An 8080 along with its and I/O ports via a set of dedicated lines
fast enough to convince a human corre- support chips is called a CPU module. known collectively as buses. A typical
spondent that it is performing several The program that determines the in- bus (Fig. 1) also supplies dc operating
activities simultaneously. ternal states taken on by the CPU is power to the elements of the system.
Given the speed and flexibility of mi- supplied to it in the form of electrical
croprocessors, and the fact that they are signals. To generate these signals as re- Bus System. There are many ver-
available at very reasonable prices, it is quired and in the proper order, the pro- sions of the bus system currently used,
often economical to use a single proces- gram must be stored in some form of with the S -100 and SS50 being two of
sor rather than a great many simpler "memory" device. These devices repre- the most common. Although different
chips to synthesize logic functions, act sent the binary digits (1, 0) by means of mechanically, they all contain three ma-
as a controller, or the like. To accom- "on-off" switching devices or analogous jor elements: the address bus, the data
plish this, however, it is necessary to un- circuit elements. The binary code in bus, and the control bus. (Figure does
1

derstand the architecture of the proces- which program instructions are ex- not show the power supply lines and
sor, its needs in terms of support circuit- pressed is called machine language. common ground usually carried on the
ry, how to program it, and how to inter- Each microprocessor (or microprocessor bus system.)
face it with the "outside world." Devel- family) has its own machine language. In most systems, there are 16 lines in
opment of the necessary understanding Binary instructions or data that are the address bus, thus enabling 216 or
is the goal of this multipart series. not subject to change can be stored per- 65,536 (64K) unique addresses. In an 8-
Microprocessors vary in design, with manently in ROM (read -only memory). bit system, there are 8 lines on the data
SEPTEMBER 1981 57
 8080 microprocessor
bus, allowing 28 or 256 data combina- ternal to the microprocessor) and the means of its address. A memory word
tions. The control bus carries all system number of data lines. A typical RAM may represent the encoded form of an
synchronization signals including the arrangement is shown in Fig. 2. A mem- instruction, or may be data to be pro-
"clock" that keeps all CPU module ory word of eight bits is often referred to cessed by the CPU.
events in step. as a byte. Each byte represents one of 28 The CPU has control of memory in
or 256 unique values (0-255). As the the sense that it can read data and
Memory. A computer memory is 8080 microprocessor uses this memory instructions from memory and write
formed from a large array of semicon- structure, it is considered a byte - data back into memory. Only when the
ductor elements, each capable of storing oriented device. CPU receives a direct memory access
a single binary 1 or 0, organized into Each memory location contains one (DMA) signal via the control bus does it
groups of bits (short for "binary digits ") word of memory bits, and is identified relinquish control of memory. DMA al-
often called words. The number of bits by a unique number, or address, as- lows a high -speed device such as a mag-
in each word is determined by the size of signed to it. The CPU gains access to the netic disk to gain access to memory and
the CPU registers (storage locations in- contents of any memory location by control it. As noted earlier, memory that
can be read and written or altered is
termed read /write memory, or random -
access memory (RAM). Memory that
SUPPORT BUS SYSTEM
DEVICES
can be read, but not altered by writing,
is termed read -only memory (ROM).
ADDRESS
ADDRESS BUS
DRIVERS Input /Output. To the 8080, the out-
side world may consist of up to 256
input and 256 output devices. These are
DATA IN
DATA BUS
usually referred to as peripherals, and
CPU DATA OUT may include keyboards, printers, dis-
AND
SUPPORT
plays, etc. Each peripheral communi-
LOGIC cates with the CPU by exchange of data
bytes sent via its associated I/O port
CONTROL CONTROL BUS and the data bus (Fig. 3). Each periph-
SIGNAL
DRIVERS eral is assigned an addresss from 0 to
AND CLOCK 255, much as each memory location is
assigned an address. The portion of the
I/O system that actually conditions
I/O data for input and output is known as
ROM /RAM PORT
MEMORY
the interface and generally there is one
INTERFACE
interface for each peripheral. The use of
a port for input or output is done under
program control.
REAL -WORLD Communication between the comput-
DEVICE
OTO er and a peripheral is done in one of two
Fig. 1 A typical bus system contains three major elements: formats -serial or parallel. In parallel
address bus, data bus, and control bus. data transfer, all eight bits of the data
ADDRESS
byte are handled simultaneously. This
DATA
permits rapid movement of data. In
BUS
AO
r-1 BUS
serial transfer, data is handled bit-by -bit
instead of a byte at a time. This is slow-
AI l er, but has the advantage of using sim-
MEMORY
ROW CELL
ple hardware (for example, a two -con-
A2 ductor cable or a telephone circuit in-
l
SELECTOR ARRAY
1024 X I BITS
stead of a multiconductor bus). When
A3 r
two computers exchange data via, say,
A4 r an intercom line, the parallel data from
buses of both computers is converted to
serial form and transmitted bit -by -bit
down the cable. The IC that performs
the conversion from parallel to bit -serial
form (and vice versa) belongs to a fami-
AS ly of components known as UARTs
(Universal Asynchronous Receiver-
A6 [ Transmitter). If used, the UART is part
A7 [ COLUMN
SELECTOR
CONTROL
LOGIC
of the computer's I/O interface since it
is used for conditioning data for input
and output.
There are two basic types of serial
A9 r communication-RS232 and what is
called the 20 -mA current loop. Basical-
ly, RS232 is a voltage circuit where a
Fig. 2. Arrangement of a 2102 random -access memory. logic 0 is a positive voltage, and a logic 1

Eight of these are needed for 1024 by 8 bits. is a negative voltage. The newest version
58 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
of this voltage interface is RS422- signals the CPU through a program in- Simply, a three -state device can be
which uses balanced transmission lines terrupt. When the CPU acknowledges thought of as an electronic switch con-
and differential current sensing to elimi- the interrupt, it completes the current nected between each bus line and its
nate noise. The other commonly used instruction being executed in the main associated logic. When the switch is
serial port is the 20 -mA current loop in program and then automatically closed, the associated logic can accept or
which a flow of 20 mA in the series cir- branches to a routine that will output deliver signals to the bus. But, when the
cuit produces a logic while an absence
1 the next data byte. After the byte is out- switch is open, the bus does not "see"
of current denotes a logic 0. Both of put to the printer, the CPU returns to the logic -in effect, the logic does not
these serial ports are controlled by a where it left off in the main program. exist for the bus.
baud rate generator that "clocks" the The 8080 is capable of handling up to
operational speed of the port. Most pe- eight interrupts from eight I/O devices Programming. A program for a com-
ripherals use either the RS232 or 20- using a special instruction of its instruc- puter or processor consists of a sequence
mA loops for communication. tion set. Data input is similarly handled. of operational instructions stored in
Program Interrupt I/O improves the memory. Each instruction enables a sin-
efficiency of CPU operation while data Three -State Logic. There can be gle elementary operation such as the
is being transferred to or from a periph- many peripherals connected to, and movement of a data byte, an arithmetic
eral that is many times slower than the communicating along, the same bus or logical operation on a data byte, or a
CPU itself. Consider a computer pro- lines. Thus, unless some form of "traffic change in instruction execution se-
cessing large amounts of data, portions control" is used, confusion can reign. quence. The set of all instructions corn -
of which are to be output to a printer. Keeping order is the purpose of the mon to a given CPU is referred to as its
When the peripheral is ready for data, it three -state devices, shown in Fig. 4. instruction set. The size of the instruc-
tion set is a measure of the CPU's capa-
bilities. Another such measure is the
length of the binary words the CPU can
ADDRESS ADDRESS work with. Generally speaking, the larg-
BUS DECODER
er the instruction set, or word size, the
INTERFACE
L more powerful the CPU. The 8080 (an
8 -bit CPU with 72 instructions) is thus
more powerful than the 4040 (a 4 -bit
CPU with 60 instructions). Some micro-
CONTROL
BUS 232
processor instruction sets may approach
200 instructions in length.
DATA UART A program is stored in memory
BUS (RAM or ROM) as a sequence of bytes
BAUD TO that represent the instructions. The
RATE REAL -WORLD
DEVICES
memory address of the next instruction
SIGNAL
to be executed is held in an internal reg-
ister of the CPU called the Program
Counter. Early in the execution phase of
k CONTROL each instruction, the program counter is
t
SIGNALS automatically advanced to the address
Fig. 3. Each peripheral communicates with the CPU
of the next sequential instruction in
through an associated I/O port and data bus. memory. Thus, program execution pro-
ceeds sequentially (i.e. memory location
213 is executed after location 212 is exe-
cuted, etc.) unless a transfer -of- control,
THREE -STATE or BRANCH instruction (8080 JUMP,
SWITCHES
CALL, or RETURN) is executed, which
causes the program counter to be set to a
specified memory address. Program ex-
ecution would then continue sequential-
ly from this new memory location. The
JUMP instruction specifies the address to
be jumped to, which can be anywhere in
Fig. 4. A three -state device
memory. During execution of a JUMP,
PERIPHERAL is an electronic switch
e connected between each
the CPU replaces the contents of the
bus line and associated logic. Program Counter with the address con-
tained in the JUMP instruction.
Subroutines. A special type of jump
occurs when the stored program CALLS,
or accesses, a subroutine (a program
PERIPHERAL
N within a program). Usually, a subrou-
tine is a set of instructions that must be
executed repeatedly in the course of run-
PERIPHERAL B ning the main program. Algorithms that
IS ONLY ONE calculate mathematical functions and
CONNECTED TO
THE BUS routines to input or output data to a
peripheral device are often programmed
as subroutines. The subroutine type of
SEPTEMBER 1981 59
 8080 microprocessor
EAST/ jump requires the CPU to store the con- depending upon the results of certain in-
WEST tents of the program counter at the time
the jump occurs (when the CALL instruc-
structions as they are executed. Two
flags of the 8080 are: The "Zero Flag,"
MEGA SALES CO tion is executed). This enables the pro- which is set if the accumulator is 0 (ac-
cessor to resume execution of the main tually 00000000 binary), and the "Car-
SPECIAL OF THE MONTH! program after the last instruction of the ry Flag," which may be set when an
subroutine has been executed. arithmetic instruction causes the accu-
EPSON MX -80 The processor has a special method of mulator to overflow (i.e., carry or bor-
PRINTER handling subroutines to insure an or- row from an addition or subtraction). In
5469 II INTERFACES
IEEE $55. TRS80 $35,
derly return to the main program. When
the CPU receives a CALL instruction
most microprocessors there are other
flags besides these. The 8080 has a total
APPLE INTERFACE + from memory, it advances the Program of five.
CABLE $90. RS. 232 $70
Counter to the address of the next se- Most processors have instructions
quential instruction, and saves the available that will store the accumulator
Counter's contents in a special memory and other general -purpose registers and
APPLE II PLUS 48K
area known as the Stack. The latter flags on the Stack temporarily. Like-
$1189
holds the memory address of the instruc- wise, there are instructions available to
tion to be executed after the subroutine reload the general -purpose registers and
I
is completed. The processor then loads flags with data contained on the top of
ATARI 800 32K jAisongu, the address specified in the CALL in-
struction into its Program Counter.
the Stack. This allows the contents of
$769 the registers and flags to be saved so
i E 21=11 \ Consequently, the next instruction that that they may be used in another activi-
is to be executed will be the first step of ty, as for example, a subroutine. Just
RADIO SHACK the subroutine. before returning to the main program
48111""+ 16K Level II Model 3
Normally the last step of any subrou-
$834 from a subroutine, the subroutine will
tine is a RETURN instruction. When the restore the registers and flags it used
NEC 5510 SPIN WRITER $2495
INTERTEC SUPERBRAIN processor executes the RETURN instruc- (assuming, of course, that the same reg-
64K RAM $2799 tion, it replaces the current contents of isters and flags were saved on the Stack
OKIDATA MICROLINE - 83 $ 769 the Program Counter with the address prior to using them in the subroutine).
OKIDATA MICROLINE - 80 $ 399 contained on the "top" (last entry) of Let's go over one last concept of a
APPLE DISK the Stack. Since this address was the CPU's instruction set, which gives the
w/3.3 DOS Controller $ 545 one originally saved by the CALL instruc- computer its "decision- making" power.
APPLE DISK w/o Controller $ 435 tion, the processor will resume execution
BASE II Printer $ 599 This is a special set of transfer-of-con -
of the calling (main) program at the trol instructions that transfer program
DIABLO 630 $2 0 9 9
point immediately following the original execution to another portion of memory
w/Tractor Option $ 245
CALL instruction. Note that this opera- if the condition specified in the instruc-
HAZELTINE 1420 $ 799
NORTHSTAR HORIZON 32K OD $ 2975 tion is very similar to executing a JUMP tion is met. An example is the 8080
ATARI 400 16K $ 349 instruction, the difference being that the instruction JUMP -IF-ZERO.
RADIO SHACK 64K Model 2 $ 3245 JUMP address is contained in the Stack If the processor encounters a condi-
ANADEX DP - 9500 $ 1295 area rather than in the JUMP instruction tional transfer -of- control (or "condition-
NEC MONITOR $ 229 itself. al branch ") instruction, it checks to see
TELEVIDEO 912C $ 669 A subroutine may CALL another sub- if the specified condition is met. The
TELEVIDEO 920C $ 729 routine. This is called "nesting subrou- "condition" is always related to one of
TELEVIDEO 950 $ 959 tines." If the microprocessor being used the flags. In the case of JUMP -IF-ZERO,
ATARI 825 Printer $ 619 has a Stack for storing RETURN ad- program execution is transferred to the
ATARI 850 Interface $ 139 dresses, the maximum depth of nesting JUMP address contained in the instruc-
Or both together $ 749
ATARI 810 Disk $ 449 subroutines is determined solely by the tion in the same manner as the uncondi-
depth of the Stack itself. So if the Stack tional JUMP if the Zero Flag is set. If the
TWO WAREHOUSE LOCATIONS has space for saving five return ad- Zero Flag is not set (cleared), program
dresses, then five levels of subroutines execution assumes its sequential flow
TO ENSURE FAST DELIVERY! can be accommodated. and executes the instruction immediate-
Microprocessors have different meth- ly following the JUMP -IF-ZERO. A proces-

EAST COAST ods of maintaining their Stack. Some

store the RETURN addresses within regis-
sor usually has a set of "Compare" in-
structions, that set and /or clear flags
1- 800 -556 -7586 ters in the processor, but this limits the depending upon the result of comparison
12 Meeting Street
levels of subroutine nesting. Others, of two data words (the 8080 can com-
Cumberland, RI 02864 such as the 8080, use a reserved area of pare two registers, or a register and the
1- 401 -722 -1027 RAM for the Stack and maintain a contents of a memory location). A con-
Stack Pointer (an internal register of ditional branch instruction will often
WEST COAST the CPU) which contains the address of
the most recent Stack entry; i.e., the
follow a Compare instruction, so that
the proper execution path may be cho-
1- 800 -235 -3581 Stack Pointer always "points" to the top sen (the decision) based on the results of
3353 Old Conejo Road of the Stack. This type of Stack may be the flags from the Compare. It is in this
Newbury Park, CA 91320 looked upon as a last -in-first -out manner that the CPU makes its "logical
ni1- 805 -499 -3678 (LIFO) memory, and allows virtually decisions." The 8080 also has various
CA. 1-800-322-1 873 unlimited subroutine nesting. conditional calls and conditional returns
Flags. The CPU has a set of flags, or in addition to the conditional JUMPS in
MEGA SALES CO internal flip -flops that are set or cleared its instruction set.
(i.e., set to a logic 1 or 0, respectively) (To be continued next month)
6n POPULAR ELECTRONICS
An up-and-coming rival to bipolar devices,
VMOS offers advantages in
circuit simplicity' and improved performance

BY GARY McCLELLAN

VMOS power FETs are being de- tradeoffs to challenge the circuit design- per transistor are required to prevent the
signed into more and more elec- er. For one, the gate saturation voltage devices from sharing the load current
tronic equipment, promising better per- of the VMOSFET runs somewhat high- unequally should their temperatures dif-
formance, using less support circuitry, er than that of an equivalent bipolar de- fer. With the negative temperature coef-
and permitting savings in cost. So far, vice. Second, the relatively high gate ca- ficient, VMOS devices are free of this
they have replaced bipolar power tran- pacitance (500 -800 pF) means that the "current- hogging " tendency and require
sistors in some switching power supplies input will tend to draw appreciable cur- no power resistors. Another bonus of
and audio amplifiers, with applications rent at the higher audio frequencies and VMOS is that very high input imped-
in power switching and power conver- beyond. ance, makes the high drive currents that
sions soon to come. Finally, there is the matter of cost. bipolar power transistors would require
Compared with its bipolar counter- VMOS devices cost more, but, accord- unnecessary_ As a result of this, driver
part, a VMOS power FET has numer- ing to designers, the reductions in sup- circuits that have lower power ratings
ous advantages: its input impedance is port circuitry that they allow can make and thus are )less expensive to fabricate
higher, its bandwidth wider, and its in- them in the Hong run, a better bargain can be used.
herent linearity greater. In addition, its than bipolar. Switching power supplies also benefit
temperature coefficient of gain is nega- from VMOS. Whle many bipolar pow-
tive. That is, with a fixed level of drive at Typical Applications. er transistors-especially the rugged
its gate, a VMOSFET conducts less and Power Supplies. When the series -pass ones -have a bandwidth of 2 or 3 MHz,
less current as it gets hotter. stage consists of several bipolar devices VMOS devices can operate to 30 MHz
Of course, VMOS devices offer a few in parallel, at least two power resistors and above. Because the VMOS devices
SEPTEMBER 1981 61
V1VIOS power FET

VSVBS,Rn

Fig I Cross section of a conventional MOSFET. Fig 2. A double -diffused epitaxial planar trans/al
41111111.1011.11.16

switch faster, less energy is dissipated in applications for the VMOS power FET inexpensive low -power transistors. If
them, and that improves efficiency. The was in the final amplifier stage of a CMOS logic is used, however, it may be
higher switching frequencies made pos- radio transmitter. The ease with which necessary to buffer the CMOS signals
sible-up to 500 kHz as opposed to 100 the devices can be connected in parallel (which are low current) to the higher
kHz with bipolars -allow the use of to obtain greater output power, the re- current requirements of the driver tran-
smaller power transformers and output duced drive power required, and the sistors. With VMOS, no buffering is re-
filter capacitors. wide frequency range make VMOS a quired; in fact, one CMOS output can
Audio Amplifiers are improved by natural for transmitter (r -f) applica- drive 100 or more VMOSFETs to the
VMOS technology and several commer- tions. At least one VMOS manufacturer point of saturation!
cial products using these devices are claims the devices can tolerate infinite VMOS can be used to advantage in
available. Here the VMOS devices re- VSWR without destruction! (This cor- controlling motors and solenoids, which
place the bipolar power transistors in the responds to a situation where the user pose difficulties because of the voltage
output stage. Because of the high - attempts to transmit without the anten- transients when the current through an
impedance VMOS inputs, less drive na load connected.) Usually this sub- inductive load is interrupted. With con-
power is required by the output stage. jects the output r -f stage to excessive ventional bipolar transistors, it is neces-
That means that the driver stage can use power dissipation. Freedom from second sary to use very high -voltage devices or
lower -cost, lower- powered components. breakdown makes VMOS devices better special networks to suppress the tran-
Having a more linear operating char- able to tolerate such abuse. sients. Neither solution is cheap, and
acteristic, VMOS devices produce in- VMOS is also making inroads in dou- suppression networks reduce perfor-
herently less distortion. They are also ble- balanced mixer circuits, normally a mance in high- frequency applications.
free of the tendency of bipolar devices to low -power receiver application. Because Since VMOS devices are free from sec-
"stick" to the power supply rails, and of their approximately square -law trans- ond breakdown, and can withstand back
they come out of saturation faster with fer characteristics, VMOS devices de- emf better, lower voltage FETs can be
no extra drive current required. The re- liver more of the desired mixer products used and suppression networks simpli-
sult is a "cleaner" power amplifier. An- and fewer troublesome high -order prod- fied. In some low -power circuits, the tra-
other advantage of VMOS devices in ucts, providing more overload margin. ditional diode across the motor or
audio amplifiers, is the freedom from Power -switching applications for solenoid can be removed.
"second breakdown," basically a situa- VMOS include control of displays, sole- For the area of power control in which
tion in which momentary overvoltage or noids, and motors. Conventional designs SCRs and relays are presently used,
overcurrent will cause the device to heat use transistors in most low -power appli- VMOS shows promise. Even now, de-
up, draw more current, and then heat up cations and change to SCRs and relays vices to handle high -voltages and high
some more, until it breaks down. for high power. A good example of a currents are under development. The fu-
R -F Amplifier circuits such as those VMOS power switching application lies ture will tell whether VMOS will substi-
found in transmitters are likely places in display control. At the present time, tute for SCRs and relays, but 450 -volt
for VMOS technology. One of the first most display interfacing is done with devices are already being advertised.

300,

Fig 5 A simple lamp dimmer circuit Fig. 6 An automatic battery charger

62 POPULAR ELECTRONIGCS
Anatomy of a VMOSFET. Although tional power transistors, but it has some is so large, saturation resistance can be
it would appear that a VMOS power key differences. As shown in Fig. 3, four made very low. This means the com-
FET would just be a conventional MOS- vertical layers are used, with a V- shaped pleted VMOS power FET can be inex-
FET on a larger scale, this is not the channel etched in the material (which pensive (small die) and hand.e high
case. Such a device could be built, but it gives the VMOS its name) as the gate power (large drain surface). Another
would be costly and inefficient. Figure 1 connection. A layer of silicon dioxide benefit is that each V groove creates two
shows a cross section of a conventional (Si02) insulates the conductive gate channels, one on each side of the groove,
MOSFET "die," stripped of all nones- channel from the semiconductor materi- so current density can be doubled. In
sentials. Several things prevent this FET als, and gives the device its high- imped- other words, the VMOS devices can
from being used effectively for power ance characteristics. The source connec- have high sensitivity, with shorter length
handling, among them the fact that the tion rests over the n and p materials, and channels, than conventional MOSFETs.
current flow is horizontal through the provides the remaining power connec- For example, the standard MOSFET
substrate of the device. This is due to the tion. These are the basics of the fabrica- needs at least a 5- micrometer channel.
horizontal positions of the drain and tion of the VMOS device. In practice, VMOS devices, on the other hand, re-
source connections, and the relatively many "V" channels and source connec- quire only about 1.5 micrometers for
great distance between their electrical tions are paralleled on the die to produce good results, and shorter V grooves
connections. Both of these cause high re- the high current capability. mean less stray capacitance and im-
sistance -and loss. In use, the drain and gate are biased proved high -frequency performance.
As a result of the characteristics of positive with respect to the source. The The 2N6657 VMOS power FET, for
the semiconductor material, current insulated gate produces an electric field, example, switches ampere on or off in
1

densities are lower when current flows which allows the n-type material next to 4 nanoseconds. That's 10 to 200 times
horizontally, and power dissipation is in- it to permit electrons to travel through faster than a bipolar power transistor!
creased. A conventional bipolar power the layers from the source to the drain. Finally, the VMOS power FET has
transistor die is shown in Fig. 2. Note Increasing the field intensity of the gate built -in, high -voltage capabilities. This
that the emitter and collector are in a (raising its voltage) increases its in- is because of the n -epi (taxial) layer,
vertical plane. Because of this arrange- fluence on the n-type material, causing a which absorbs the depletion region from
ment, current densities are higher, and greater current flow. Conversely, reduc- the pn junction above it, thus actng as a
more current can flow between these ing the gate field intensity reduces the highly effective insulator when the de-
two points. Since the collector is also the source -to -drain current flow. vice is turned off. Also, in VMOS con-
substrate, the die can be thermally There are many advantages inherent struction, the SiO2 layer under the V
bonded to a heat sink for cooling. This is in this type of construction. Since the groove need withstand only 25% of the
why TO -3 power transistors have the substrate forms the drain connection, gate -drain voltage. (In a conventional
collector connected to the metal case. there is one less connection on the top of MOSFET, the oxide must withstand the
The VMOS power FET is a variation the die. As a result, the die can be made entire gate -drain voltage.) Although the
on :he vertical theme used by conven- smaller. Also, since the drain connection point of the V groove can create high

SEP4EkIBER 1981 63
VMOS power FET
electrostatic fields which can break trolling low -power dc motors. Freedom allows the op amp to provide more volt-
down the oxide layer, work is in progress from second breakdown, means less age to the VMOS power FET, insuring
to solve this problem. One solution is to chance of damage from back emf or mo- it will deliver maximum output current.
flatten the point of the V. This should mentary high current. Of course, the If desired, this project can be built as a
ultimately make available high -voltage maximum ratings of the VMOS device battery charger or, with the filter capac-
devices on a large scale. must be observed! itor increased in value, as an adjustable
Automatic Battery Charger. The cir- high- current power supply.
Some Simple Circuits. Now that cuit shown in Fig. 6 provides up to 12.5
you have a basic familiarity with VMOS A at 14 V. As the battery charges and "Flyback" DC -DC Converter. With a
devices, let's look at how they can be its voltage rises, the circuit automati- +7 -to -18 -volt input, this circuit (Fig. 7)
used in some simple circuits. VMOS de- cally reduces the charging current. can produce regulated -5 volts. The
vices are now fairly easy to obtain. The When the battery is fully charged, the current output is limited, but should be
VN66AF used in many of these circuits charger cuts off. Thus, a lead -acid stor- enough for an op amp or two. The cir-
is available nationally through Radio age battery can be maintained fully cuit consists of a CMOS oscillator driv-
Shack stores. Basically, the circuits run charged at all times. ing a VMOS switch. A full supply volt-
the gamut from simple gadgets where age square wave appears across the 33-
the VMOS power FET simply replaces ohm resistor forming the VMOS load,
a conventional power transistor, to a and the negative, or "flyback" transi-
high performance r -f switch where only tion, is rectified, filtered, and zener reg-
VMOS will work properly. In all of the ulated to -5 volts. Since the oscillator
circuits, simplicity is apparent, particu- FOR MORE INFORMATION operates at a high frequency, the filter
larly in the drivers for the VMOS de- capacitor can have a small value, yet do
vices. This is one of the benefits of high - ON
a good job. The circuit can be assembled
impedance inputs. YMOS TECHNOLOGY
in little space and work with battery -
Audio Alarm. A circuit that can be The following publications are available powered op -amp projects.
used as a burglar alarm, keyboard beep- from Siliconix, Inc., 2201 Laurelwood Rd., VMOS R -F Switch. The circuit of
er, timer alert, or audio tone generator is Santa Clara, CA 95054: Fig. 8 can switch r -f signals in 50 nano-
shown in Fig. 4. The CMOS gate is seconds, far faster than any relay (20 to
wired as an oscillator, whose pitch is Docu- 50 ms typical). Other advantages in-
variable by changing the 200 -k1 resis- ment clude 60 -dB isolation with a 10 -MHz,
tor, or the 0.001 -AF capacitor. The number 20 -volt peak -to -peak input, and -dB in-
1

VMOS power FET is wired as a simple sertion loss. These are impressive fea-
switch that drives the speaker directly. AN79-1 A 500 KHz Switching Inverter for
12 V Systems tures for such a simple circuit.
Note a zener diode connected across the AN79-3 Dynamic Input Characteristics of Basically, the VMOS power FETs are
gate and source of the VMOS device. a VMOS Power Switch wired as a "T" switch. When the V -con-
This component is internal to the AN79 -4 Driving VMOS Power FETs trol input is 0 volt, the two 2N6660
VMOS, and protects the input against AN79.5 Using the VN64GA High Current, FETs are biased on, because 10 volts
overvoltage. A zener is built into most High Power VMOS Power FET appear between their source and gate.
VMOS devices to make them less sensi- AN79 -6 Using VMOS Transistors to In- The left 2N6660 turns off both power
tive to static, so fewer handling precau- terface from IC Logic to High VMOS devices by pulling their gates to
Power Loads
tions are necessary.
AN79-7 Applications of the VN10KM
-10 volts. At the same time, the
The circuit can be built on a small sources of both VMOS devices are
VMOS Power FET
piece of perf board and cemented to the AN80-1 A Key to the Advance of Switch- pulled low by the right 2N6660. Thus,
rear of the speaker. If desired, the sup- ing Power Supplies both VMOS devices are turned off, and
ply voltage can be raised to 12 V for AN80-2: Meet the VMOS FET Model the junction between them is grounded
higher output power. If you want to AN80-3 Ultralinear Broadband Amplifier to reduce leakage through the switch.
tinker with the design, you can wire the
two unused gates in the CD -4011 for
AN8O-4 Enjoy VHF Power Amplifier De-
sign
Making the V- control input - 10 volts
turns off the two 2N6660s and the
another lower- frequency oscillator. Con- AN80.5 An Alternative Power Amplifier
VMOS devices are allowed to turn on
nect the output of this oscillator to the Design
because of the 470-ohm pull -up resistor.
"strobe" input of the first oscillator. The input r -f signal passes through the
This produces a two -tone "boop- beep" VMOS devices to the output. This sim-
sound similar to some police sirens. ple circuit can be used for many applica-
Lamp Dimmer. The problem in dim- tions where high r -f frequencies are
ming conventional incandescent lamps is Basically, the battery charger is a
. used. A good example would be in a low -
that more power can be dissipated in the full -wave rectifier consisting of a pair of power transceiver, or to switch several
controller than in the lamp! The circuit 1N249 silicon diodes, filter capacitor receivers to one antenna. Build it on a
of Fig. 5 solves this problem using a C2, and the VMOS series -pass element. piece of "ground plane" perf board or
VMOS and pulse -width modulation. The VMOS device is driven by a simple board covered on one side with copper
Control R2 changes the duty cycle, or op-amp error amplifier, that compares a sheet. This will insure maximum attenu-
"on time," of the CMOS oscillator. As a portion of the output voltage, via the 5- ation when the switch is "off."
result, the on time for the VMOS switch k1 potentiometer, with a constant -volt- From this and the other circuits
varies along with lamp intensity. Since age reference source. The reference con- shown above, it is easily seen that
the VMOS power FET isn't on contin- sists of a CR390, a 390 -A current VMOS power FETs are not exotic, diffi-
uously, it dissipates less power, reducing source, and the 1N4100 zener diode. cult -to -use devices. On the contrary,
heat -sink requirements. This circuit can The power for the op amp and reference they not only offer performance advan-
be constructed on perf board, and is derived from a separate source, which tages over bipolar devices in many appli-
adapted to many different applications. produces a slightly higher operating cations, they are often considerably eas-
For example, it should work well con- voltage than the main dc source. This ier to use.
64 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Now in one convenient, workbench guide.. .

INSTANT SOLUTIONS TO YOUR

ELECTRONIC TROUBLESHOOTING
RL L
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GUIDE TO ELECTRONIC TROUBLE- tester
SHOOTING by noted electronics authority How to make a device that can determine
efficient way
Robert C. Genn, Jr. This comprehensive total harmonic output, as distinct from each in which the
source of useful electronics know-how gives frequency of the output Electronics
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1. When you enroll as a member, you re-
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What's more, WORKBENCH GUIDE How to perform simple, but effective fre- ceive-for only $2.09 (plus shipping and
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WORKBENCH GUIDE TO ELECTRONIC TO ELECTRONIC TROUBLESHOOTING
TROUBLESHOOTING provides hundreds of at once. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Remember, the Electronics Book Service has Robert C. Genn is the Director of Engineer-
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ing even your most difficult troubleshooting no additional book purchase requirements.
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money: additional club selections.
How to use resistors in place of expensive
transformers Name
How to make a time -saving graph for de- Address
termining input impedance
How you can make a simple instrument that City State Zip
measures resistance better, in special cases, Offer limited to new members (U.S. and Canada only). Not available in Hawaii or Quebec.
than an ohmmeter L
CIRCLE NO. 45 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 COMPLETE PORTABLE
TEST BENCH

LCD HAND HELD

MULTIMETER
TM354 3% Digit
DC Volts : 1 mV to 1000V AC Volts 1V
: to
500V AC rms DC current 1A to 2A
Resistance 1 fi to 2M0
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Basic accuracy: (0.75% of reading
+ digit)
1 Battery life Typically 2000
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$199
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:
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DC and AC current : 100nA to 10A (20A for 10 secs)
inc.batts Resistance : 100mf2 to 20Mfl Diode check Basic
accuracy 10.1% of reading + 1 digit) Battery life up to
: :

4000 hours
TM353 3% Digit
DC and AC Volts 100V to 1000V (750V AC rms( DC and AC current 100nA to 2A
:
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:
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66 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 IN ELECTRONICS, the basic goal
of soldering is to electrically and me-
chanically join two circuit components.
For this connection to be reliable, the
solder must adhere to or "wet" the mat-
ing surfaces of the components being
joined. The wetting of solder to a base
metal is similar to the action of water
spilled on a smooth surface: if the sur-

scc ssrU_
face is clean and free of dirt, wax and
oils, the water will wet and spread even-
ly over it; if the surface is waxed, the
water balls up.
Most manufacturers of electronic

SOLDERING components do a good job of making

their products of easily solderable mate-
rial or providing a clean solderable coat-
ing. Copper, copper -clad steel, or nickel -
steel are some of the common base
metals used in the leads of resistors, ca-
Helpful tips pacitors, integrated circuits, etc., and
they may be coated with silver, tin, tin -
on materials, tools, lead, or gold to improve solderability.
Greases, oils, dirt, and oxides are the
and techniques principal sources of contamination that
prevent good solder wetting despite the
original surface. Also, aging deterio-
rates the surface and inhibits solder wet-
ting by the formation of oxide films.
BY JOHN D. BORNEMAN Solder Alloys and Fluxes. Techni-
cally, soldering is the joining of two
parts with a metal alloy having a melt-
ing point below 800 F. Various solder
alloys include combinations of tin, lead,
antimony, silver, indium, and bismuth;
however, the most common combination
is tin and lead. Tin -lead solders range
from pure tin to pure lead and include
all proportions in between. For plumb-
ing, alloys of 10% tin and 90% lead (10/

SEPTEMBER 1981 67
 soldering

90 solder) are commonly used. In elec- 700- form the replaceable tip. Usually, sol-
trical soldering, the alloy mix is usually LIQUID dering guns come with high wattages, in
60% tin and 40% lead (60/40). 600- PHASE most cases too high for use with pc foil
Characteristics of alloys of tin and 500- patterns. Such guns also generate a high
ASTY
lead are plotted against temperature in magnetic field around the tip that can
Fig.l This graph, referred to as a phase a- 400-
. ASTY de -gauss any magnetically sensitive de-
diagram, allows one to see that only a 300- vices close to it. Using a gun may pro-
63/37 alloy has a eutectic point -that duce too high a heat on the foil pattern
200- SOLID
is, a single melting point. All other al- PHASE so that the cement that secures the cop-
loys start melting at one temperature, I00- per foil pattern to the substrate is weak-
move through a "pasty" or semisolid I I I I IL ened and the foil separates from the
stage, and then become liquid at a high- 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
I

63(EUTECTIC POINT)
printed circuit board.
er temperature. Any physical movement The "iron" is often called a "pencil
TIN (PERCENT)
of the components being soldered while iron" because it resembles a thick pencil
the solder is in the "pasty" range will Fig.1. Melting point, including pasty that is held in the fingers. These tools
result in a "cold" joint. Such a joint phase, of alloys of tin and copper. feature interchangeable (usually screw -
appears grainy and dull, and is mechani- on) tips having various shapes -each for
cally weaker, thus less reliable. There- its own purpose. Their wattages are
fore, 63/37 or 60/40 solder is commonly flowing properties than the popular usually low enough to be safely used on
used in electronics since they do not mildly activated fluxes (RMA), and pc boards. The latest version of the pen-
remain long in a "pasty" phase. Howev- they are noncorrosive. cil iron is the low- wattage self-contained
er, a 50/50 alloy can be used if proper rechargeable type that can be used re-
care is taken. Equipment. The tools required to mote from the ac line.
An often -ignored aspect of soldering solder electrical connections are: a good Soldering irons are specified primari-
is the flux. The word flux comes from soldering iron and a supply of replace- ly by wattage as shown in the table.
the Latin root "fluere" meaning "to able tips, long -nose pliers for holding Wattage represents the amount of heat
flow." Soldering flux, which is usually parts or bending leads (or as a heat sink capacity available at the iron tip. Irons
included in the solder as a central core, for temperature- sensitive components), of all wattages usually run at about the
or separately in liquid or paste form, and desoldering braid (or a suction de- same tip temperature, but a lower -wat-
helps the solder alloy flow around the soldering tool). tage iron will cool faster during solder-
connection. Flux also cleans the compo- There are basically two types of sol- ing. The recommended wattages given
nent leads of oxides and films, and al- dering instruments -the "gun" and the in the table are to be used as general
lows the solder to wet their surfaces. "iron," although most people use these guidelines only. Slight variations may
Chemically, flux is either acid or ro- descriptions interchangeably. In es- give perfectly good performance, de-
sin based. Always use rosin flux in elec- sence, a soldering "gun" is a pistol - pending on the particular soldering situ-
tronic soldering since the acid may shaped device consisting of a transform- ation. A higher -wattage iron is more
cause corrosion. "Activated" rosin or er forming the bulk of the "gun," with likely to damage heat -sensitive compo-
"RA" flux produces better cleaning and the secondary winding extending out to nents. If static- sensitive components are
to be soldered, i.e. many MOS devices,
be sure the iron has a grounded plug.
Soldering irons can produce static volt-
age spikes that will destroy many inte-
COPPER SOLDERING grated circuit components, so a
FOIL IRON TIP grounded tip is a wise safety measure.
Tips are usually selected by prefer-
ence. Each type and shape has its place
and purpose, but the commonly used
pointed, conical type is the most versa-
tile and convenient.
Desoldering equipment is always use-
ful even for experienced solderers. Both
COMPONENT braid and suction devices are effective
and, again, operator preference is the
best guide. If you elect to use a suction
CLIP EXCESS desoldering tool, pay close attention to
LEAD OFF
CLEAN, SHINY the distance and velocity that the "pis-
JOINT ton" requires. It is very easy to get a
black eye, or have glasses damaged,
when using those devices.

Soldering Techniques. The best

technique can be outlined simply. First,
make sure that the tip of the iron is at
operating temperature, and is clean.
Then touch the heated tip to the connec-
Fig. 2 Steps in soldering Place heated iron to junction of parts to be soldered (lop left) tion. preferrably on the part having the
Bring flux -cored solder to the joint after it is hot enough to melt solder (top right) larger mass (Fig. 2). The solder should
When a smooth- contoured fillet has formed, remove the solder and allow to cool without moving. not be brought to the joint until the
68 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 The world of
electronics
IRON WATTAGES FOR DIFFERENT SOLDERING TASKS
gee -wizardry
Type of Soldering Recommended
Iron Wattage
Light duty: single joints, repair, touch- 25 to 30
up, delicate parts such as ICs or fine
wires. Mass of parts in connection is
small.
Medium duty: multiple joints; many in 60 to 100
succession. Mass of parts is interme-
diate (for example, i/4 -watt resistors
or conventional disc capacitors).
Heavy duty: Mass is large, as in wires over 100
soldered to steel case or wires to
screw heads for ground points.

metals being joined have become hot method is possible. Using long -nose
enough to melt it. How long this takes is pliers, hold the part to the circuit board.
quickly learned after a few trials. The
flux -cored solder is then brought to the
Apply flux to the pieces being soldered
and take up the soldering iron. Touch
-YOURS FREE.
joint and placed at the junction of the the iron to a length of solder, creating a 32 -pages of test instruments from the -
latest digital multimeters to the famous
two parts. When the solder has melted ball on the tip. Touch the tip to the con- EICO scopes. Security systems. Auto-
and flowed into a smooth- contoured fil- nection and hold it there until the fillet motive and hobbyist products. Kits and
let, remove the solder. Keep the tip on is formed. This will create a good joint assembled. EICO quality. EICO value.
and free your hands to hold the parts. For FREE catalog, check reader service
the joint for a few seconds, then remove card or send 501 for first class mail.
it. Do not disturb the newly made con- To Get Good Solder Wetting. Clean
the parts well with isopropyl alcohol to 108 New South Road
nection until it has had time to solidify.
A good solder joint will be shiny (Fig. remove greases and oils, and use a 10% E/GO Hicksville, N.Y. 11801
3). Disturbing the joint before it has so- solution of hydrochloric acid (HCI) to
CIRCLE NO. 24 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
lidified may produce a "cold" joint. remove the oxides. Fine steel wool may
be used on foil patterns to remove oxide
Problem Solving. films. These chemicals should be avail-
To Avoid Cold Joints. Even when you able from any drugstore, but remember
know that the parts should not be moved to ask about any handling precautions
while the solder joint is cooling, it is before using them. Note that extra liq-
sometimes difficult to find enough uid flux can also help in soldering con-
hands to hold a soldering iron, solder, taminated parts. Wik
circuit board, and the part being at- To Make Solder Flow. Be sure the sol-
tached. In this case, a small vise or a sur-
geon's hemostat may be used to hold the
dering iron is providing enough heat,
with the iron tip on tight and the proper appkz computer
(ompl.fo Mkroprocnfori pmpha.if lainmilf
board and parts. If you are using rosin wattage being used. Also be sure enough APPLE II PLUS
Imo, d
Disk 1300K DOS 3.3
flux in liquid or paste form, another flux has reached the component leads 48K 51215 00 w /controller .. $575.00
LANGSYS SOROC 10135 795.00
WiPASCAL 395 00 TI -99/4 399.00
Green Monitor 174.00 Epson MX -80 call us
Leedek 100 Mon 139 00 Color Monitor call us
IDS 445G call us 11 -810 1695.00
80 Column Board .299.00

Texas Instruments
Invest. Anal $ 42.00 TI -59 $175.00
Accessories Call us TI -55 II - 39 95
TI -58C 80.00 Speak E. Spell 49 95
PC100C ..... ..155.00 TI
MBA
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49
95
TI BAIT 39.00 95
HEWLETT -PACKARD
System I call us HP -41C Mem
System II call us Module 26 00
HP -33C 75 00 HP -41CV call us
HP -34C 119 00 HP -67 295.00
HP -38C 114 99 HP -97 570.00
HP -41C Prog 189 00 Ouad Ram call us
HP -41C Printer 289 00 Application Pac call us
HP -41C CRD POP 109 00

SCM TYPEWRITER SPECIALS

SCM 2200 $279.00 INTREPID .$274.00
SCM 2500 289.00 CLASSIC 12 .159.00
.

All units shipped in original cartons with accessories

according to manufacturer's specification. Send money
orders, personal check 2 weeks to clear. In Illinois add 6%
sales tax. Add $6.95 minimum shipping 8 handling charges
per unit. We ship UPS. Subject to availability. Written
warranty for specific products can be obtained free upon
request. Above prices are for mail order and prepaid only
Fig. 3. Photo of two soldered joints. The one at left is Prices and specifications subject to change without notice.
Send mail orders..
shiny indicating a good joint. At right, is a "cold" solder joint. i?ai'% , Sac.TEL
519 DAVIS EVANSTON ILL 60201 312- 869 -6144
SEPTEMBER 1981
 BUY ONE of these great professional books
when you join the
THE BYTE BOOK OF PASCAL Edited by AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING
Blaise W Liffick. 340 pp., illus. In this timely HANDBOOK. Edited by The Diebold Group.
book you get up -to -date Byte articles on the 976 pp., 269 illus. Written by a staff of Interna-
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Includes two versions of a Pascal compiler, programming and the languages, communica-
one written in BASIC and the other in 8080 tions processes, and the design and installa-
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Edited by
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788/367 Pub Pr., $27.50 Club Pr., $19.95

THE GIANT HANDBOOK OF COM-

PUTER PROJECTS By the Editors of 73
Magazine. 504 pp., 217 illus. This hook shows
you hw to build computer equipment from
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582012 -9 Pub Pr., $15.95 Club Pr., $13.50

PRINTED CIRCUITS HANDBOOK.

Edited by C. F. Coombs, Jr. 2nd Ed., 634 pp.,
595 illus. Covering the subject of printed cir-
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126/089 Pub. Pr., $38.50 Club Pr., $28.95

PRINCIPLES OF DATA BASE SYS-

BE SURE TO CONSIDER THESE IMPORTANT TITLES AS WELL- TEMS. By Jeffrey D. Ullman. 379 pp., 154
BIT-SLICE IMICROPROCIESSOR DESIGN. MICROPROCESSORS /MICROCOMPUTERS charts and diagrams. This book shows you how
Mick and . Brick By J
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HOW 40 DESIGN, BUILD 4 PROGRAM YOUR hierarchical -as well as the actual strategies
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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCOMPUT- INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS:
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70
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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date, complete design guide you'll find the de- illus. This handy reference /guide defines and
tailed descriptions and explanations neces- explains a wide range of computer proce-
sary to enable you to seect, build, and inter- dures. products. problems. and applications.
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purpose of the book is to provide both senior is the introduction to microprocessor pro-
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ELECTRONIC GAMES, Design, Pro- indispensable standard authority on the mean-
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illus. Information you need to design, program, vised, updated edition. A model of clarity, con- the principles of design but the applications of
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TURE. By Jean -Loup Baer. 626 pages, 263 PERSONAL COMPUTING: Hardware
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SEPTEMBER 1981 73
 Shelf Conscious? soldering
Now you can organize your copies of Popular Electronics
Now your magazines can be a handsome addition to your decor, well organized, and easy to
these durable library -quality cases or binders. They're made of luxury-look leatherette over
find, thanks to
high -quality
and that it is not necessary to add extra
binders board. And both styles are custom-designed
for this or any magazine you save, with
liquid or past flux. Do not keep the iron
size, color, and imprint selected by the Popular Electronics, P.O. Box 5120, Phil., PA 19141 on the joint or continue adding solder if
publisher. FREE transfer foil included Please send: O Cases Binders WANT. a connection is not made after two trials.
for marking dates and volumes. Popular Electronics:
Magazine binders (Other):
This will only damage the components
hold a year's issues on individual ENCLOSED IS S Add 81.00 per order for postage G
or the circuit board.
snap -in rods, combining them into handling. Outside USA add $2.50 per unit ordered. Send U.S. funds only.
one volume. $7.95 each; 3 for $22.50;
To Solder ICs and Other Small Com-
CHARGE(Min. $10): VISA American Express MasterCard
6 for $42.95. Mixed titles OK for ponents. Use only a low- wattage iron
quantity prices. Card I Exp Date
Open -back cases Signature
and sharp tip to avoid excess heat. Also,
store your issues for Print Name
use 0.031 -inch diameter solder to help
individual reference. control the amount of solder deposited.
$6.95 each; 3 for $19.75; Address
6 for $37.50. Mixed titles City/State/Zip Provide a heat sink by using long -nose
OK for quantity prices. Residents of PA add applicable sales tax.
pliers to grasp the lead between the
V Charge Orders Only: Phone 24 Hrs. TOLL FREE 800.431 -2731 NY State Only 800- 942 -1940. component package and the portion to
be soldered.
After completely soldering a pc
board, an inspection of the soldered

Just in case.
joints is suggested. A toenail clipper can
be used to trim any lead ends so they
don't protrude too far from the solder.
To help in the inspection, a bright spot-
light and low -power lens can be used to
In case you have a short production run. In case examine each joint. A sharp tool can
you need good- looking prototypes. In case you need more clear away dross, solder bridges, or any-
flexibility or instant availability. thing that looks suspicious between sold-
A more realistic price. Or all the above. er pads, and a toothbrush can be used to
Because you never know when you'll need the right case at the clean the solder joint. To make sure that
right price, right away, keep us in mind. Or better yet, all joints are checked, a drop of red nail
send for our catalog... just in case polish can be placed on each after in-
spection. A minute spent checking a
board can save an hour of trouble-
shooting later on.
Another problem can arise when a
plastic capacitor appears to be "sol-
dered" in place, but is not making an
electrical connection. This often hap-
pens when a small "sleeve" of noncon-
ducting plastic extends from the capaci-
tor body slightly down each lead. The
solder will hold the plastic to the pad,
but an electrical connection may not re-
DMC Case, 6.75x7.5x3.25rror Benchtopper Case, 3x 10x 7" or 4 x 10 x sult. Use long -nose pliers to break away
5.5 x 6 x 3rr; each includes hardware 7rr; each includes hardware and metal the unwanted plastic.
and aluminum baseplate front and rear panels Since your fingers may be dirty or
oily, handle parts and circuit boards as
little as possible. If there is any question
1111111111111111111 ; of oily spots on a part, clean it using iso-
propyl alcohol or fine steel wool. If you
use steel wool, use lint -free cloth to re-
Probe Case, move all vestiges of the wool from the
5x1x0.7r'; parts or board.

=NM
Portable Case, 1.75 x
includes
hardware,
tip and cable
To Summarize:
(1) Use clean new parts and circuit
boards.
5.63 x 7.75x'; Handheld Case, 3 x 6 x 1.5'r;
includes hardware, rubber feet, red includes hardware and
(2) Use 60/40 or 50/50 tin -lead alloy
trans parent front panel red transparent front panel solder with an activated rosin core. Liq-
uid or paste rosin flux may be used to
Smarter tools for testing and design. improve wetting when necessary.
(3) Use the proper wattage soldering
GLOBAL SPECIALTIES iron based on the amount of soldering to
be done and the type of components be-
CORPORATION ing soldered.
70 Fulton Terr., New Haven. CT 06509 (203) 624 -3103, TWX 710- 465 -1227
OTHER OFFICES: San Francisco (415) 648-0611. TWX 910- 372 -7992 Europe: Phone Saffron -Walden 0799-21682. TLX 817477
Canada- Len Finkler Ltd.. Downsview, Ontario
(4) Use the proper soldering se-
quence -tip to parts, solder to parts
solder away from parts -tip away from
-
Call toll -free for details 1-800-243-6077
During business hours parts.
Specifications subject to change without notice. Copyright 1980 Global Specialties Corporation. (5) Use patience.
(6) Practice.
CIRCLE NO. 33 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
74 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 PEAK UNLIMITER
ADO
3Y\AV C
RA \GE PROCESSOR
Increases system gain when passing peaks
that may have been limited during
the original recording process

BY JOHN SUTTON

LIVE music can easily have a dy- The Peak Unlimiter described in result in an annoying "swishing "sound
namic range exceeding that of this article "stretches out" what's left that we would like to avoid.
current analog recording and play- of the original peaks to enhance dy- The Peak Unlimiter makes inde-
back systems. To "fit" onto an analog namic range. It is low in cost and easy pendent gain control work in its favor.
tape or disc, this dynamic range must to build and use. Since we're interested in processing
be reduced. Generally, this is accom- short -term peaks with a modest
plished by manipulating the system Peak Unlimiting VS. Expan- change in gain, attack and release
gain as the signal passes through, sion. Peak unlimiting differs from times can be optimized. Audible sig-
making the loud passages softer and expansion in that it need not change nal degradation is thereby minimized.
the soft passages louder. Compression the system gain as radically to accom-
is moderate application of this tech- plish what it does. This means that About the Circuit. The Peak Un-
nique throughout the dynamic range. attack and release times can generally limiter, shown schematically in Fig. 2,
Peak limiting cuts gain radically if be faster than in a linear expander is designed around two quad BiFET
the signal exceeds a determined level. without causing audible side effects operational amplifiers. The first, ICI,
Although this approach works, it such as "pumping and breathing." As performs the actual signal processing,
sacrifices some of the realism in the shown in Figures I A and 1B, linear and the other, IC2, forms the heart of
reproduction of the program material. expansion may use as much as 20 dB a gain- change indicator that is com-
But not all of the 30 or so dB of of gain change, while peak unlimiting mon to both audio channels. The sig-
dynamic range subtracted by the uses 7.5 dB. nal- processing stages of both channels
compression and limiting process is ir- Another advantage of peak unlim- are identical, so further reference will
retrievably lost. It can be restored by iting is that it allows the processor to be made only to the left channel.
electrical processing complementary control each channel independently. Potentiometers RIA and R2 couple
to what was done in recording. Most Were such an arrangement used in a a portion of the input signal to capaci-
often, the exact nature of the original linear expander, the stereo image of tor CI, which passes ac but blocks any
processing is unknown, making the the program material would suffer dc level. The signal is applied to the
complementary nature of the restora- greatly. Common gain control avoids noninverting inputs of ICI A and
tive action a hit -and -miss proposition. this, but causes another problem. The ICI B by means of R4 and R8. Diode
Expansion (the inverse of compres- effect of synchronized gain change is DI rectifies the output of ICI A, and
sion) that is not correct is often unsat- quite noticeable in music that favors capacitor C2 filters the pulsating dc
isfactory, but the ear is more tolerant one channel, especially with low -fre- into a smooth level. This dc level is
of errors in peak unlimiting. quency material. To the ear, this may applied to the gate of FET QI via R9

75
SEPTEMBER 1981
 peak unlimiter
D5) and D4 (and D6) have been spec-
ified for their dynamic characteris-
tics. Silicon diode D4 has a higher
conduction threshold than D3. This
makes possible the desired visual indi-
cation of gain changes, because the
red section of LED! will be firing at
lower levels than the green section,
which is forward biased only during
relatively large changes in gain.
The power supply, shown schemati-
cally in Fig. 3, is of fairly conventional
design. Transformer TI has a fuse -
protected primary and a grounded
I I T I T r I 7 I r I
secondary center tap. The outputs of
.004 .005 006 .007 008 009 01 02 .03 .04 .05
INPUT LEVEL IN VOLTS
.06 .07 .88 .09 full -wave bridge rectifier D7 through
A DIO are filtered by C8 and C/0. Reg-
ulators IC3 and IC4 generate stable
+ 15- and - 15 -volt outputs for the
+10
+9-
rest of the circuit. Capacitors C9 and
+8- Cl/ improve the transient response of
+7- the IC regulators and ensure low ef-
+6-
+5- fective power-supply impedances.
m+4
e+3-
?+2- Construction. Printed- circuit as-
W+, sembly techniques are recommended
0- in building the Peak Unlimiter.
,-,- A
-2- full -size etching -and drilling -guide
-3-
O_4- for a suitable pc board appears in Fig.
4, and the complementary compo-
nent- placement guide appears in Fig.
-8- 5. Alternative construction techniques
10
such as point -to-point or wrapped -
-5 -3 -2 -1 +7 +2 +3 +4 +5 wire assembly can be employed, but
INPUT LEVEL IN dB
care should be taken to avoid ground
B
loops and circuit instability. The use
of IC sockets or Molex Soldercons is
Fig. 1. Peak unlimiting (A) shows a 7.5-dB change, while
highly recommended. To ensure close
linear expansion (B) shows a 20-dB variation. tracking between channels, match Q/
and Q2 for their actual values of key
when switch S/ is in its open position. Diodes D3 and D4 rectify and feed the parameters-IDSS, VG, and gm.
The time constant associated with this output of 1C2A to the inverting and Observe the polarities and pin bas -
rectifier /filter network has been chos- noninverting inputs of differential dc ings of electrolytic and tantalum ca-
en for optimum project performance. amplifier IC2B. Similarly, the output pacitors and of semiconductors. Note
Diode DI, a 1N82 germanium type, of IC2C (the voltage follower in the particularly that the pin basings of
was carefully chosen for the required right-channel portion of the circuit) is regulators IC3 and IC4 differ. The
dynamic characteristics. Substitution rectified and applied to the inputs of use of a radiation (hum) shield for TI
of another diode type may degrade IC2B by means of D5 and D6. Trico- is recommended. One can be fash-
performance. lor emitter LEDI, which consists of a ioned by cutting a piece of sheet tin to
The drain of QI is connected to the red LED and a green LED connected fit and wrapping it around the body of
inverting input and feedback resistor back to back and housed in a single the transformer. Trimmer potentiom-
of ICI B. Its source is grounded. The package is driven by the output of eters R2 and RII are not mounted on
channel (drain -to- source) resistance IC2B via current limiter R23. the pc board: they can be soldered
of the FET depends on the dc level The indicator circuit alerts the user directly to the lugs of dual potentiom-
applied between its gate and source, to changes in gain. If the differential eter RI. Use shielded cable for con-
which in turn depends on the ampli- dc input voltage is negative, the red nections between the input jacks and
tude of the input signal. A large in- section of LEDI becomes forward the dual potentiometer, between the
put- signal amplitude results in a large biased. In operation, faint red flickers trimmer potentiometers and the cir-
gate -to- source control voltage and, indicate that gain changes of approxi- cuit board, and between the pc board
hence, less channel resistance and mately 1.9 dB are taking place. If the and the output jacks. Finally, house
greater gain. When S/ is closed, the differential dc input voltage is posi- the project in a metal enclosure.
channel resistance of QI and the gain tive, the green emitter in LEDI be-
of stage IC /B are constant. No peak comes forward biased. When this hap- Initial Adjustment. Patch the
unlimiting occurs when the switch is pens and the LED flashes green, a Peak Unlimiter into your stereo sys-
closed. gain change of approximately 7.5 dB tem at some line -level point, such as a
The output of ICI B is routed to is taking place. tape- monitor loop, or between the
jack J3 by coupling capacitor C3 and As is the case with D1 (and D2), preamplifier outputs and the power -
to the input of voltage follower IC2A. the diodes selected for use as D3 (and amplifier inputs. The only prelimina-

76 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 JI
LEFT R6 01
INPUT 22K 2N3819
R20
C RIA
IOOK
LEVEL 8
R9 IK

R5
R21 R23
1N82 A
RIO 10K 33011
D3
+ IN34
R2 C2
250 4.7Y
CI
1 t IC2A
LED
IpF RB

R3 C3
J2
RIGHT
- IOOK
RI5 02 .-D-
T104F
IN914
INPUT 2N3819 FT
RIB
22K
RI6 RI8
OUTPUT `L R22
G

I OO K
IK I5K C7 1K
LEVEL 7
R14 05 D6 25pF
IK IN34 IN914
D2 R19
IN82
RII - CS/}'
250 4.7 p F
N /
C4
15F
R13
IK 1SIB

R12 C6
IOOK ICI,LC2=TL074CN OR TLOB4CN TC6
1/`J4

y
RIGHT
OUTPUT

Fig. 2. Schematic showing both channels

of the Peak Unlimiter circuit and LED indicator.

PARTS LIST
C1,C4 -1 -F, 35 -V tantalum capacitor 1C4- LM32OT -15 15-volt regulator - T1-35 -V, 65 -mA, center -tapped trans-
former (Triad F -227X or equivalent)
C2,C5- 4.7 -F, 25 -V, radial -lead aluminum J1,J2,J3,J4 -RCA phono jack
electrolytic LED1- Tricolor light- emitting diode (Radio Misc.- Suitable enclosure, printed- circuit
C3,C6- 10 -F, 16 -V, axial -lead aluminum Shack 276 -035 or equivalent) or perforated board, standoffs, IC sock-
electrolytic Q1,Q2- 2N3819 n- channel FET (see text) ets or Molex Soldercons, LED mounting
C7- 25 -AF, 25 -V, axial -lead aluminum The following, unless otherwise specified, collar, terminal strips, line cord, shielded
electrolytic are 1/4-watt, 5/o tolerance, carbon -com- cable, hookup wire, control knob, suit-
C8,C9,C 10,C 1-
1000 -14F, radial -lead alu-
1 position fixed resistors. able hardware, solder, etc.
minum electrolytic R1- 100 -kt2, linear -taper dual potentio- Note -The following is available from XEN,
D1,D2 -1N82 germanium signal diode meter Box 2, Scranton, PA 18504: a complete
(see text) R2,R 1 1-
250 -kS2, linear -taper trimmer po- kit of parts (not including enclosure), No.
tentiometer X -1980, for $59.00 post -paid in the Unit-
D3,D5 -1N34 germanium signal diode
R3,R 12 -100 kt2 ed States. Also available separately are
(see text)
D4,D6 -1N914 silicon switching diode R4,R5, R7, R8, R10, R13, R14, R16, R17, 01 and Q2, No. XMP -3819, for $5.00 a
(see text) R19, R20, R22 k4 -1 matched pair; etched and drilled printed -
D7,D8,D9,D 10 -1
N4002 rectifier -22
R6,R 15 kt2 circuit board, No. X -1980 -PCB, for
R9,R18 -15 $11.00; both postpaid in the U.S. Penn-
F1-1/4-ampere fast -blow fuse kS2

IC1,IC2- TL074CN or TL084CN quad Bi- R21 -10 kt2 sylvania residents, add state sales tax.
FET operational amplifier R23 -330 S2 Allow four to six weeks for delivery. Add
5 1 -Dpst miniature toggle switch 2 weeks for personal check to clear.
1C3- LM34OT -15 + 15 -volt regulator

ry adjustments that must be made are probe of the oscilloscope to JI. Adjust With the stereo preamplifier still pro-
of trimmer potentiometers R2 and the generator's output -level control viding a monaural drive signal, adjust
RI I. Close switch SI so that the peak for a -volt p -p signal at J1. The out-
1
RI for an output null. If an oscillo-
unlimiting is defeated. Place the put frequency of the generator is not scope is being used, connect its
MODE switch of the preamplifier in its critical, but should be approximately probe(s) to the project outputs and set
MONO position, rotate the control 1000 Hz. Then shift the scope probe the scope to read differential voltage.
knob of the preamplifier's BALANCE to J3 and adjust R2 for a -volt p -p 1 Then adjust Rl I for an output null.
potentiometer to its fully left position, output level. Note that both channels of the project
and adjust the control knob of the pro- Next, connect a pair of stereo head- must be driven by the same signal to
ject's front -panel LEVEL control (R /) phones using clip leads to the "hot" make valid adjustments of the trim-
so that the wipers of the dual potenti- sides of output jacks J3 and J4. Do mer potentiometers.
ometer are at the midpoint of their not make any connection to the com- Now disconnect the clip leads or
travel. Adjust trimmer potentiometer mon (shell) lead of the headphones. scope probe(s) and install the cover.
R2 so that the signal level at jack J3 (Continued overheat)
equals that at JI. This can be done IN IC3
LM340T-15 2
OU
TC PIN 4
ICI, IC2
aurally, by monitoring the loudspeak-
I

er output while alternately routing the

Fig.3. Power C9
drive signal through and around the
supply provides
Peak Unlimiter. regulated bi-
A more precise adjustment can be
made if you have access to a signal
generator and an oscilloscope. Con-
polar 15 volts
for op-amp power.
0
- CIO TCII-
nect the signal generator to a line -lev- N
3 IC4
LM320T -15
2
OUT
-TO PIN II
ICI,IC2
el input of the preamplifier and the

77
SEPTEMBER 1981
peak unlimiter

Fig. 4. Etching and drilling guide for pc board.

Using the Peak Unlimiter. Route

audio signals through the project, and
monitor the loudspeaker outputs and
OH SIB indicator LEDI. The author recom-
-05 }
mends that LEVEL control R1 be ad-
justed so that, with SI in its open posi-
I
D2 1
R20
1

C7 R22
I

tion, LEDI glows red most of the time

RIO (except in the absence of input sig-
CB C4 nals) and flashes green on the loudest
}

RI6
R14 1+
R21
signal peaks. This recommendation is

-
somewhat arbitrary, however, and

\\
I 5 I6
-0i-
- cI
-RID
R13 RI] D
R 1
your ears should be the final judge.
-D9- Opening and closing SI will allow you
TI to make quick comparision between
ICI IC2
CT
IC4
C C the processed and unprocessed signal.
-D?- + You might find that the nature of the
CII
-R6- I
f
C3
program material dictates which set-
R4 RB

I7
D ting gives the most pleasing results.
I4# An apparent improvement in the
R5

CIO
program material's signal -to -noise ra-
I+ tio will be realized because of a mask-
ing effect introduced by the Peak Un-
DI
13
limiter. Keep in mind that signal
J3
peaks are accentuated by several dB,
-C2- -R9- 1

R2
so some catition should be observed, at
514
least at first. If the audio system does
not have sufficient headroom, ampli-
fier clipping and damage to the loud-
Fig. 5. Component -placement guide for pc board. speakers may occur. O

78 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 A\ ALAN
FOB
TOXIC GASES
Detects oxygen -hungry gases such as
carbon monoxide and methane. . . sounds a warning .

before dangerous concentrations are reached

BY CASS LEWART

VIHEN a lethal fire starts, respond to ionized gases generated by Circuit Operation. As shown in
flame and smoke are not the fire unless the fire is smoldering in an Fig. 1, transformer TI, fullwave recti-
only killers. Colorless, odorless carbon enclosed area lacking oxygen. This fier RECTI, resistor R2, and filter
monoxide gas (CO) has been known project has the advantage of being capacitor CI make up the line -pow-
to kill or incapacitate people -often self -powered, thus providing portable ered power supply for 5 -volt regulator
far from the fire itself. One factor that protection both at home and in hotels ICI. Resistor R1, in conjunction with
makes CO such a stealthy, insidious or motels when you travel. rectfier DI, maintains the charge on
assassin is its ability to elude conven- The alarm is based on an inexpen- the rechargeable cells in BI, while
tional smoke detectors. These devices sive semiconductor sensor whose elec- diode D2 allows BI to power the cir-
are similarly insensitive to dangerous trical resistance changes when its ac- cuit in stand -by mode when the line
hydrocarbon gases like methane tive surface is exposed to gases such as power is interrupted. Under these
(CH4), a toxic compound that is the carbon monoxide, methane, butane, conditions, DI is reverse biased and
chief component of natural gas. and alcohol vapors that have a strong battery power flows through forward -
The Gas Alarm described here has affinity for oxygen. (These are known biased diode D2 to power the circuit.
been designed to sound its warning be- as reducing gases.) The sensor ele- The regulated output from IC1 main-
fore dangerous levels of poisonous ment is enclosed in a small capsule tains a fixed heater voltage for gas
gases accumulate. The Gas Alarm and protected by a stainless steel sensor TGS1 to provide uniform sensi-
should be considered complementary mesh, while a low -power heater acti- tivity. The combination of R3 and
to, and not a replacement for conven- vates the sensor element and purifies LEDI forms a power -on indicator.
tional smoke detectors, as it will not it after exposure to gas. When gas is present at TGS1, the

79
SEPTEMBER 1981
 gas alarm

on perf board or multi -lug terminal

strips using point -to -point wiring.
Mount the socket for sensor on top of
the cabinet for maximum exposure to
surrounding air, and mount the alarm
on the side or back of the cabinet for
The newest in home best audio output. The six rechargea-
computers, fine stereo ble cells forming BI can be mounted in
components, color TV, readily available battery holders.
HAM radio, precision Adjustment. (1) Plug the Gas
test equipment, Alarm into a 117 -volt ac outlet; (2)
innovative electronics rotate CAL control R4 fully CCW for
for the home -all in minimum resistance between the
SCR gate and ground; (3) apply pow-
easy -to- build, er and allow the sensor to stabilize for
money-saving kits. 1 -2 minutes, then rotate the CAL con-

trol clockwise till the alarm sounds;

Send today (4) rotate CAL control CCW till the
alarm stops. The alarm is now ready
for your for operation. Test the system by rub-
bing a drop of alcohol between your
fingers, near the sensor. When the
FREE Photo of the author's prototype. alarm sounds, repeat steps two

Heathkit resistance of its sensor element drops,

raising the voltage applied across cali-
through four.
The rechargeable batteries are
trickle charged when the alarm is
Catalog bration potentiometer R4. The rotor
of R4 is connected to the gate of
plugged into an ac outlet, and will be
fully charged after approximately 24

ACV
i
23
TGSI
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the circuit.
5
PARTS LIST
Al- Piezoelectric buzzer (Radio Shack
273-060 or similar) SCR 1- 200 -V, 6 -A SCR (Radio Shack
BI- Battery (six rechargeable 1.5 -V cells) 276 -1067 or similar)
CI- 220 -F, 16 -V electrolytic TGS1 -Gas sensor (See note)
DI, D2- 200 -V, -A silicon diode
1 T1 -12 -V, -A transformer (Radio Shack
1

IC 1 -5 -V
regulator (Radio Shack 276- 273-1505 or similar)
1770 or similar) Misc. -6" x 4" x 21/2" enclosure with cov-
LED -Red. LED (optional)
1 er, pert board or terminal strips, etc.
R1- 100-S2, /2 -W resistor1 Note -The following is available from C &
If coupon write
is missing, R2 -15 -t1 -W resistor1 R Electronics, Box 217, Holmdel, NJ
Heath Co., Dept. 010 -812 R3- 270-52, /2 -W resistor (optional)
1 07733: Pretested gas sensor, with sock-
Benton Harbor, MI 49022 R4 -50 -k S2 linear potentiometer et, $10.95 plus $1 postage /handling. NJ
RECT1 -50-V, -A full -wave rectifier
1 residents, add 50/o tax. Allow 2 to 3
S -Spst switch
1 weeks for delivery.
Send to: Heath Co., Dept. 010 -812
Benton Harbor, MI 49022. SCRI, and when voltage at that point hours. To ensure that the batteries are
reaches approximately 0.3 V, SCRI working properly, unplug the alarm
Send my free Heathkit Catalog now.
Iam not currently receiving your turns on, supplying power to alarm and, after allowing it to stabilize with
catalog. AI. The piezoelectric alarm specified the batteries, repeat the alcohol test
for Al interrupts current flow periodi- described above. The fully charged
Name cally, so SCRI does not latch perma- AA -size batteries should operate the
nently on. Switch SI allows for faster sensor for over an hour during a power
Address battery charging while the gas sensor failure. For longer standby operation
is turned off. use C- or D -size rechargeables. These
will operate the alarm longer, but also
City State
Construction. The project will eas- require longer charging time. When
ily fit in a 6" x 4" x 21h" metal cabi- the alarm is not in use, open SI to pro-
CL -724A Zip net, and all components except the tect batteries from discharging
alarm and gas sensor can be mounted through ICI. 0
CIRCLE NO. 20 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
80 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 S\CLE-LED
ANALOG METER
Complete LED changes "color" with input voltage

BY DAVID LEITHAUSER

THERE are many ways that an LED Analog Meter. The schematic dual -color LED connected like a feed-
electronic measuring circuit can diagram of the circuit for the meter is back element in conjunction with cur-
display information. Numerical data shown in Fig. 1. rent- limiting resistor R7. When the
can be displayed on LED or LCD output of ICI C is positive, the output
readouts, analog meters, or similar Circuit Operation. Op amp IC1 A of ICID is at ground. Thus, current
devices, while on /off indications can generates a ramp waveform at point will flow from the output of ICI C,
be made via a low -cost discrete LED A that drives amplifier ICI B via R4 through R7, and the forward- biased
or lamp. Another possibility is to show (R5 acting as the gain -determining LED to the virtual ground of ICID.
a changing variable as a series of color feedback resistor) with the amplified This causes that LED to glow. Since
variations, taking advantage of a new ramp voltage applied to the noninvert- the other LED in the package is re-
low -cost, multicolor LED. ing input ( +) of comparator IC1C. verse- biased, it remains dark. When
This new device consists of a pair of The input voltage (referenced to the output of ICI C goes to ground,
LEDs, one emitting red light and the ground) applied to the inverting (-
) the output of ICID goes high, and
other green, oppositely polarized and input is compared with the instanta- current flows the opposite way, caus-
enclosed in a common plastic housing neous ramp voltage applied to the ing the now forward- biased LED to
with two electrical leads. Applying noninverting input (also referenced to glow while the other goes dark.
current in one direction causes only ground). If the input voltage is higher Thus, contingent on the level of the
the forward- biased LED to glow, than the ramp voltage, the output of input signal, the single LED can as-
while the reverse -biased LED remains ICI C is near ground, and when the sume either of two distinct colors, or a
dark. If the current polarity is rapidly input voltage is lower than the instan- combination of the two colors when
alternated, then the composite LED taneous ramp voltage, the output of the input voltage is centered on the
will glow yellow or greenish red, de- ICIC is near the level of the positive ramp voltage.
pending on the duty cycles of the cur- supply voltage. The builder can decide which of the
rents in the two directions. This is the The output of IC1 C is connected to two colors within the LED can repre-
operating principle behind the Single the inverting input of ICID with the sent the high or low inputs, and ar-

V+

DI PARTS LIST
INPUT LEDI

D2
C1- 0.01 -F disc ceramic capacitor
D1, D2- PTC205, -V diode (see text)
1

ICI -Quad op amp (Radio Shack 276-

R4 R5 1714 or similar, see text)
330K IM
LED1- Two -color LED (Radio Shack 276-
035)
R3
10K R1, R2, R3- 10 -kt2, 1/2 -W resistor
R4, R6- 330 -kf2, t /2-W resistor
R5- -Mt2, 1/2 -W resistor
1

R7 -See text
R8, R9- 3.3 -ktT2, 1i2 -W resistor

Note: A pc board (RW -205) is available for

$5.25, plus $1.25 postage and handling
from Danocinths Inc., Box 261, West-
land, Ml 48185. Michigan residents
R6
330K please add 4% sales tax.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the complete

V+ circuit for the LED Analog Meter.

R8 R9
3.3K 3.3K

81
SEPTEMBER 1981
 analog meter
range the LED polarity accordingly. 0.025. For example, with a 9 -volt sup-
(It is suggested that red be used for ply, R7 is 9/0.025 or 360 ohms (the
higher values.) Protection diodes DI nearest standard value can be used).
and D2 are included to ensure that the Operating power can be any value be-
input voltage level does not go above tween 5 and 35 volts dc. If desired,
the power supply positive voltage or discrete op amps may be used for the
18 New Modules: below -1V with respect to ground. If four stages.
Compact versatile 1113 desired, one or more conventional
preamps and mixers 1N914 or similar silicon diodes can be Applications. The Single LED
for every audio application! used in place of the -volt diodes spec-
1 Analog Meter can be used any place
These modules are complete in cases and include latest ified. Each silicon diode drop is about an approximate measurement is to be
design clip -on edge connectors. Save you time and
money and give excellent performance. All modules ful- 0.6 volt, so two in series can provide a made. For example, a thermistor can
ly compatible with each other and with ILP power limit of about 1.2 volts. Since a single - be used to convert temperature to a
amplifiers and power supplies. Typical performance of
all types include frequency response 15 Hz - 50 KHz,
ended power supply is used, the net- voltage level that is applied to the
distortion typically less than 0.005% (at 1 KHz), and work of R8 and R9 is used to bias the input. The LED is then arranged so
signal /noise ratio better than 80 db. Modules HY6 to noninverting inputs of the three oper-
HY13 measure 1 x 3/. x 134". HY66 to HY77 measure
that a rise in temperature causes the
3l/: x x 13 ". Complete connection data provided. All ational amplifiers red portion to glow, while lower tem-
modules operate from *15V to 30V maximum. HY67 peratures keep the green LED lit. The
can only be used with PSU30 power supply unit. For
easy mounting we recommend B6 mounting board (for
Construction. The circuit can be thermistor can be thermally coupled
modules HY6 - HY13) $3.75; and B66 (for HY66 - HY77) assembled on a small pc board such as to the output stages of an audio power
@ $4.75. These modules are so reliable they carry a
5-year replacement warranty!
HY6 Mono PreAmp. Mic/Mag. cartridge/
Tuner /Tape /Aux + Volume /Bass /Treble.
10 mA. $25.95
HY7 Mono Mixer. To mix eight signals into one.
10 mA. $19.95
HY8 Stereo Mixer. Two channels, each mixing five
signals into one. 10 mA $24.95
HY9 Stereo Preamp. Two channels mag. car -
tridge/Mic + Volume. 10 mA. $26.95
HY11 Mono Mixer. To mix five signals into one +
Bass/Treble controls. 10 mA $28.95
HY12 Mono Preamp. To mix two signals Into one +
Bass/Midrange/Treble. 10 mA $26.95
HY13 Mono VU Meter. Programmable gain. LED
overload driver (meter not included). 10 mA $23.95
HY68 Stereo Preamp. Mic/Mag. cartridge/
Tape /Tuner /Aux + Volume /Bass /Treble /Balance.
20 mA. $48.95
HY67 Stereo Headphone Amplifier. Will drive head-
phones in the range of 4 ohm - 2K ohm. 80 mA $49.95
HY68 Stereo Mixer. Two channels, each mixing 10
signals Into one. 20 mA $31.95
HY69 Mono Preamp. Two input channels of mag.
cartridge /Mic + Mixing /Volume/Treble /Bass.
20 mA. $41.95
HY71 Dual Stereo Preamp. Four channels of mag.
cartridge /Mic. + Volume. 20 mA. $42.95
HY73 Guitar Preamp. Two Guitar (Bass /Lead) and
Mic + separate Volume/Bass /Treble + Mix. R6 Fig. 2. Full-size etch-
20 mA. $48.95 ing and drilling guide
HY74 Stereo Mixer. Two channels, each mixing five CI (above) and component -
signals Into one + Treble/Bass. 20 mA $45.95 placement guide (left)
HY75 Stereo Preamp. Two channels, each mixing R2
two signals into one + Bass /Mid- range /Treble. R8 D2 for the project's print-
20 mA. RI ed- circuit board.
$45.95
HY77 Stereo VU Meter Driver. Programmable
gain /LED overload driver. 20 mA.
AUTOSOUND
Power Amp
$36.95
R3

IcI
- R7- v-
Module
T
1:1

V+

j IN
INTRODUCTORY R5\
LEDI
PRICE $29.95 DI
The kind of reliability and performance you have been R4
waiting for in a 12V automotive power amplifier! Use as R9 INPUT
power booster or drive direct from tape-deck/preamp
out. Like all ILP modules, the C15 power booster Is en-
capsulated with integral heatsink, and guaranteed for 5
years. Features include: automatic switch on; selec-
table input level facility (700 mV or 3V rms); screw - that shown in Fig. 2. Observe the po- amplifier to keep an eye on heat -sink
terminal connections; two hole-mount; compact size (4 x larity of input protective diodes. A
2 x 2"). Output power continuous (typical) 15 watts rms
temperature. Or, it can be used for an
into 4 ohms, freq. response 15 Hz to 30 KHz ( 3db), THD socket may be used for the IC. The automotive temperature gauge. The
0.1% at 10 watts. Use two for stereo applications. polarity of LEDI is optional. circuit can be used to monitor a high
GLaDSTO/lEBuffalo,NY, 14203. The value of current -limiting resis- voltage if a suitable voltage divider is
ELECTRONICS (716) 849-0735 tor R7 is determined by dividing the used, or monitor a very low voltage if
Mall Orders: Check (Certified), or Money
Orders. No C.O.D.'s. Please add 5% shipping
power supply operating voltage by a dc amplifier is used at the input. 0
In Canada: Gladstone Electronics, Toronto, (416) 787-1448
CIRCLE NO. 31 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
82 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 New
OSFET
POWER AMPLIFIER
MODULES
State-of-the-art performance

HOB1 BulltIn heatsinks

Encapsulated circuitry
No external parts required

9INC By John McVeigh, Technical Editor

60,
Flveyear warranty
120 and 240 watt amplifiers utilizing the latest
technological advance in audio ... the MOSFET. They
provide faster slew rate and complete absence of
crossover distortion. They are immune to thermal
runaway, increasing long term reliability and eliminating

Checking Diodes nect the probes of a dc voltmeter across -

the need for complicated protection circuitry
- 100 KHz ( -3 db). THD

---
Frequency response 15 Hz
Q. I recently acquired a selection of the diode as shown. If the diode is made (Typical at 1 KHz) 0.005 %. IM (60 Hi and 7 KHz
sinewave, 4:1 ratio) .006 %. SIN Ratio (DIN standard)
diodes, and I want to build the AD *ZAP
Commercial Killer that was presented in
of germanium, the meter will indicate a
voltage drop of approximately 200 mV
- 100 db. Slew rate
-
20 V /uS. Rise time -3
uS. Input

the February 1981 issue. The AD*ZAP across the device. If the device under
sensitivity/Impedance
pedance -4 ohms to infinity. Damping factor -
500 MV /100k ohm. Output Im-
400.
test is made of silicon, the measured MOS120 60 watt MOSFET Amplifier (8ohms) s 79.95
receiver employs 1N270 germanium MOS200 120 watt MOSFET Amplifier (8ohms) $129.95
diodes. I know that at least one of my voltage will be approximately 600 mV. MOS400 240 watt MOSFET Amplifier (4 ohm). $199.50
diodes is a 1N270, but I don't know Diode action can be verified by re-
Built -In
which. Can you tell me how I can find versing the way the diode is connected to BIPOLAR
out? -Matt Berent, Baton Rouge, LA the circuit. If the voltage reading is 9 POWER
heatsinks
volts, the diode is behaving as an open 'Five -year
circuit-as it should under reverse-bias AMPLIFIER
warranty
A. The simple circuit shown will enable conditions. Note that the circuit will MODULES
you to distinguish a germanium from a only indicate whether a diode is made of PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS:
silicon diode. Connect the device to be
tested to the circuit as shown so that the
silicon or germanium and whether its
junction displays diode action (a simple
Frequency response

-
(Typical at 1 KHz)
ration
-- - -
15 Hz

100 db. Slew rate

50 KHz ( -3 db). THD
0.1%. IM Distortion -
0.006 %. S/N
15V /uS. Rise time -5
uS.
Input sensitivity /Impedance: 500 My /100 Kohms. Damp-
ing factor -
400. Power rated into 8 ohms (except
HY400 rated into 4 ohms).
HY30 (15 watts RMS) $25.95
IOK $29.95
HY 80 30 watts RMS)
DIODE HY120 (60 watts RMS) 59.95

9V UNDER DC HY200 (120 watts) 79.95

HY400 (240 watts RMS) 99.95
TEST VOLTMETER FP480 "Bridges" 2 HY400s for 480 watts RMS 20.00
NEW HEAVY DUTY SERIES. With PERMANENT SHORT
CIRCUIT PROTECTION. Similar in size, features and per -
formance tb bipolar modules.
HD120 (60 watts RMS) s 89.95
HD200 (120 watts RMS) 89.95
diode will be forward- biased. If you good /bad test). However, in the HD400 (240 watts RMS) 124.95
have a lot of diodes to test, build a little AD*ZAP receiver circuit, the exact ger-
test jig that employs binding posts or manium diode is not critical. Satisfacto- Rack -
Fahnestock clips. This will simplify con- ry performance should be obtained with Mount
necting the diodes to the circuit. When any of the common germanium signal Cabinet
the device to be checked is in place, con- diodes (1N34, 1N58, 1N270, etc.).
$49.95
Attractive, rugged, professional 19" rack -mount cabinet
for easy assembly of your ILP amplifier system.
Amplifier modules (2 of) mount on pre -cUt back panel.
RFI bles are woefully deficient in this re- Power supply unit mounts inside chassis. Complete
Q. In the past, I have built such projects spect). Cable shields should be commit- assembly and wiring Is a breeze, taking about one hour!
as special -effects units for electronic ted to ground at at least one end, but Specify which amplifier you will be using: HY120,
musical instruments, and have had trou- beware of ground loops in high -gain cir- HY200, HY400, MOS120, MOS200 or MOS400.

ble with interfering radio-frequency sig- cuits. Keep signal- carrying cables as Power Supply Units
nals. Can you give me some tips on how short as possible. Circuit boards with all components plus TOROIDAL
Inside the project enclosure, use short transformers (except PSU30 and 36). Toroidals are half
to cut down on this ever -present men- the size and weight of conventional transformers; and
ace?- Dennis Halsey lead lengths, some of which might have are quieter and more efficient.
to be shielded. Power-supply buses PSU50 (t
25V) for 1 or 2 HY50 $39.95
A. Radio -frequency interference (RFI) should be heavily bypassed and should PSU80 (t
35V) for HY120
1 51.00
to audio devices is the result of signal be decoupled with resistors or r-f chokes. PSU70 (t
35V) for 1 or 2 HY120 64.00

rectification. A signal lead or some other Chokes or ferrite beads at high -gain in- PSU75 (t
45V) for 1 or 2 MOS120 64.00
PSU90 (t
45V) for 1 HY200 85.50
conductor acts as an antenna and pre- puts will block the passage of r; -f, and PSU95 (t
45V) for 1 MOS200 72.00
sents r -f to a semiconductor or some oth- bypass capacitors of suitable values will PSU180(t45V) for 1 HY400 or 2 HY2 00 89.50
er device which rectifies the signal. shunt r -f to ground. Capacitor values PSU185 (t
55V) for 1 or 2 MOS200 95.00

(Even a poor solder joint can act as a should be chosen so that their reactances PSU38 (t
20V) for 1or 2 HY30 33.60
PSU30 (t
15V) for combinations of HY6 /HY66 series to
rectifier.) Once the r -f signal has been are low at radio frequencies but high at a maximum of 100 mA or one HY67 22.95
rectified, any audio - frequency varia-
tions in its envelope can be athplified
along with the desired audio signal. To
cure RFI, the offending r -f signal must
audio frequencies and so that they do
not disturb the desired response of the
circuit in which they are installed.
An article that appeared in the May
aLaosrorlE
Electronics Phone Orders (716) 849 -0735
Gladstone Electronics
be prevented from reaching the point at 1977 issue of Stereo Review describes 901 Fuhrmann Blvd., Buffalo, NY, 14203
which rectification takes place. RFI prevention in audio equipment in Name
Address
There are several tactics that can be some detail. Reprints of the article are City State Zip
employed to achieve this result. The sen- available for $2.00 each (minimum or- Charge to ( ) Visa ( ) Mastercard

sitive audio circuit should be housed in a der $6.00) from Stereo Review Re- Card # Expiry
) money order for s
metallic enclosure. Signal cables should prints, Box 278, Pratt Station, Brooklyn, Enclosed ( ) check (

Please send
have effective shields (many audio ca- NY 11205.
CIRCLE NO. 31 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
SEPTEMBER 1981 83
 OPERATING PROGRAM
BY JACK DOLLHAUSEN

INITIALIZATION.
THE simple display and operating 0000 F8 01 B1 B2 B3 B8
system described in this article al- 0006 F8 C9 A1 F8 EA A2
000C F8 81 A3
lows any 1802 user to input machine -
language programs, and as a bonus, pro- 000F F8 02 B6 F8 00 A6
vide a display readout with any Elf using 0015 F8 00 56
an 1861 video chip. 0018 16 96 FB 04 clear display buffer
The program requires 1K bytes of 001C 3A 15
RAM; /2K for display buffer storage,
I

and /2K for program and subroutines

I
001E F8 00 134 F8 25 A4
0024 D4 R4 is "main" pgm. ctr.
that do not alter themselves. The I/O
commands are compatible with an ex- MAIN PROGRAM:
panded Elf using an 1861 TV chip. An 0025 E2 69 TV on
EF3 flag is required, and this can be sup- 0027 37 27 3F 29 ENTER high byte
plied by grounding that input through a 0026 6C BE memory location displayed
toggle switch. 002D 37 2D 3F 2F - ENTER low byte
0031 6C AE in RE
0033 37
33
The Program. Load the program 0035 8E
FF 07 AE 33 3F
shown in the Listing starting at M0000. 0038 FF
9E 01 BE RE has top of display
Flip the RUN switch on and enter any 003F F8
02 66 F8 00 A6 R6 is display buffer pointer
two -byte address. The video display will 0045 16 display loop:
be a column of eight 4 -digit addresses 0046 7A
9E 03 9E 7B D3 R3 is pgm. ctr. for digit
with their corresponding data bytes. Set 004C 7A
8E D3 8E 7B D3 configuration subroutine
EF3 to logic 0, insert 00 via the INPUT
0052 16
0053 OE 7A D3 4E 7B D3 one display line
toggle switches and note that when the 0059 86 FB 3A 45
CO loop for eight lines
INPUT switch is turned on, the display 005E F8 8B A3 F8 10 D3 display filled
scrolls upward through memory. En-
tering 01 on the switches will produce a 0064 3F 64 3E 77 ENTER opcode or EF =3
down scroll, and 02 will single -step up 0068 F8 8B A3 F8 8D A6 EF3 =1, put flag and change
for each operation of the INPUT switch. 006E F8 11 D3 2E 6C 5E byte
To jump the display anywhere in memo- 0074 1E 30 33 inc display and loop for more
ry, enter 03 and the two -byte address. 0077 F8 8B A3 F8 8D A6
Note that the input address is dis- 007D F8 12 D3
played at the bottom of the CRT screen. 0080 6C FB 00 3A 87 opcode 00
This is the "active" position, and all op- 0085 30 35 shift display up
erations are performed from this point.
Address an empty memory location 0087 6C F8 01 3A 90 opcode 01
(keep in mind that M0200 -M03FF is 008C 2E 2E 30 35 shift display down
display buffer storage), and make 0090 FB
6C 02 3A 97 opcode 02
EF3= 1. Now with each operation of the 0095 30 33 single step display
INPUT switch, the byte on the toggle
switches will be sequentially input into 0097 6C FB 03 3A 9E opcode 03
memory. A pointer reminds you that 009C 30 27 change display address
memory is being changed. When fin-
009E 6C FB 04 3A B3 opcode 04 (TV off)
ished, return EF3 to logic 0.
00A3 61 run program at
To execute a program from any point 00A4 2E 9E 8E AO
:

BO ENTER high address

in memory, set the display to the begin- 00A9 37 A9
ning address of the program to be run OOAB DO ENTER low address
and enter 04. The 1861 is disabled by an 00AC 00 00 00 00
04 command, and the machine is run- 0060 00 00 00 RO is pgm. ctr.
ning outside the operating program. To
0083 6C FB 05 3A 64 opcode 05 (TV off)
return, flip the RUN switch off/on and 0088 F8 01 BA F8 EB AA move block of memory
enter an address. The program you are
84 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
FOR THE EXPANDED ELF
Permits easy machine- language input
to an 1802-based system

006E 61 22 EA 37 Cl creating may "eat" the operating pro-

00C3 3F C3 37 C5 ENTER beginning add. of data gram space, so keep the operating pro-
0007 6C B9 to be moved (high byte)
gram on cassette.
00C9 3F C9 37 CB ENTER (low byte)
To move a block of memory, address
OOCD 6C A9
00CF 3F CF 37 D1 ENTER last add. of data to the first memory position to be changed
0003 6C 1A byte)
be moved (high and enter 05. Note that the display
0005 3F D5 37 07 ENTER (low byte) blanks. Enter the two -byte beginning
00D9 6C
2E address of the data to be moved, and
00DB 49
5E 1E 89 F3 3A DB then the two -byte ending address. The
00E2 2A 99 F3 lA 3A DB display will return when the transfer is
00E8 49 5E 30 25 return for display
complete. Enter a two -byte address to
get back in the operating program.
TABLE: DIGIT CONFIGURATION
0100 35 2B 2F 39 27 31 41 51 The program uses two subroutines.
0108 43 45 56 49 3D 4D 20 24 The TV interrupt routine (MOIC7) is a
0110 58 60 66 65 00 00 00 00 standard 512 -byte display for the 1861
0118 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 chip. The digit maker routine (M0180)
0120 FO 80 CO 80 FO 80 CO 80 provides functions useful in any display
0128 80 AO 20 60 20 20 70
FO
requiring hex digits, and has two entry
0130 10 FO 80 FO 10 FO 90 90
0138 90 FO 10 70 10 FO 80 80
points. If entered at M0181, it will dis-
0140 80 FO 80 FO 90 FO 90 FO play a digit corresponding to the high or
0148 10 FO 50 70 50 FO 50 50 low half byte present in the D register.
0150 50 FO 10 20 40 40 FO 90 The main program sets buffer pointer
0158 FO 90 90 2F 25 25 A5 EF R6 to the position of the upper left cor-
0160 F8 7C 3E 7C F8 00 00 00 ner of the digit in the display, and sets
0168 00 00 AA 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
the Q line to specify whether the high or
0170 00 00
0178 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 the low digit is to be displayed. Before a
D3 is executed, R6, D, and Q must be
SUBROUTINE: DIGIT MAKER set and the subroutine leaves R6 point-
0180 D4 ing to the next digit position in the dis-
0181 39 87 O state identifies hi /lodigit play. The main program uses the sub-
0183 FE FE FE FE routine at M003F -FD to create the dis-
0187 F6 F6 F6 F6
play. The routine may also be entered at
018B A8 08 A8 enter here for single digit
F8 05 A7 R5 counts 5 lines per digit
MO18B to produce a symbol or digit of
018E
0191 48 56 your own design. Following the opera-
0193 86 FC 08 A6 36 9D tions for the pointer at M0068 -71 will
0199 96 FC 01 B6 reveal how this works, and space is pro-
019D 27 87 3A 91 vided in the configuration table at
O1A1 86 FF 27 A6 33 AB M0170-7F.
01A7 96 FF 01 B6
This program does not alter itself and
01AB 86 FE FE FE FE
0180 32 B6 FB 80 3A CO
could be put into ROM. There are, how-
0186 86 FC 30 A6 3B CO ever, three bytes of storage at MO1 E8-
01BC 96 FC 01 B6 EA which would need to be moved. Put-
01C0 96 FB 04 3A 80 ting them at the bottom of the display
buffer MO3xx will add a line of dancing
SUBROUTINE: TV INTERRUPT dots and dashes to the display. Registers
01C7 72 70
01C9 C4 22 78 22 52
R2 and RA point to this storage.
010E F8 02 BO F8 00 AO The ability to scan memory and to
0104 C4 C4 E2 80 move stacks makes machine language
01D8 E2 20 AO E2 easier to edit and debug. Keep your loop
01DC 3C D7 addresses and X designators straight
010E 80 E2 20 AO 2F and you can say almost anything to the
01E3 34 DE 30 C7
1802. . in its own language.
. O

SEPTEMBER 1981 85
 A LOW-BUDGET
COURSE IN
SOLID STATE
CIRCUITS SO1ID-S11E
ED NOLL'S SOLID STATE CIRCUIT
FILES VOLUMES & II provide
sensible you -do -it experience
with solid -state circuits. Bipolar
I
DENCLOPMCNIS
By Forrest M. Mims
transistors, field -effect
transistors, linear integrated
circuits, TTL digital circuits and
CMOS integrated circuits are The Billion Transistor Chip?
covered. More than 100 basic
and advanced circuits. Each
circuit is complete, fully
explained, and most include
suggested procedures for
experimentation. All use YOU have probably read about Remarkable adva aces have been
low-cost, readily available ENIAC, the pioneering electronic made in computer technology since the
components. Circuits can be digital computer built during World power -hungry ENIAC first began mak-
constructed quickly on a War II. This enormous machine, which ing the lights flicker around the Univer-
solderless breadboard. Available filled a room the size of a small house, sity of Pennsylvania, but the basic oper-
from your local electronic used 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resis- ating principles of digital computers
distributor. tors, 10,000 capacitors and 7,500 relays have not changed much. They still pro-
If you're a student, technician, and switches. ENIAC weighed 30 tons cess inst-uictions and data in much the
experimenter, radio amateur, and consumed 140,000 watts of power. same way they did back in the early
teacher or computer enthusiast, ENIAC was first operated in Novem- 1950's. However, the components and
order these invaluable ber 1945, about the time the average peripherals of today's computers have
solid -state circuit training reader of POPULAR ELECTRONICS was changed dramatically.
programs today. born! The Army's Ballistic Research Consider those 18,000 tubes in the old
Lab. used the machine from 1946 until ENIAC: they were the reason ENIAC
VISIT SAMS AT it was disassembled in October 1955. consumed so much power. There was
WESCON. BOOTH NOS.
1516 & 1518.
EtlN,S,,
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Mail to: Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., 4300 West
1 62nd St., P.O. Box 7092, Indianapolis, IN 46206. I

IVolume I- Bipolar Transistor, Fet,

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& Linear IC Circuits No. 21753 $ 7.95

I Volume II -TTL & CMOS l
Circuits No. 21754 $ 7.95
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Lgood in U.S.A. only. Offer expires 1/31/82. AD120I
JJ containing 450,000 transistors on a single chip.
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86 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
solid-state developments
even a prediction by one skeptic that the achievement, it may soon be eclipsed by
C
CABLE TV
0
mean time between tube failures would
be so brief the computer would operate
technologies which offer similar compo-
nent densities, consuming less power. CONVERTERS
AND OTHER
in short spurts between lengthy delays to That's because Hewlett- Packard se-
find and replace burned -out tubes. lected the familiar nMOS process for GOOD STUFF!
SMASHING ALL SALES RECORDS - OUR NEW
Solid -state switching circuits long ago the new chips. Consequently the CPU 30 CHANNEL CABLE TV CONVERTER'
reduced the power appetite of computers chip consumes a hefty seven watts. Oth- 95
band Cab, cnanrc
to manageable levels. And, they contin- er companies in Japan and the United for vl igonyour
.

ue to make possible an amazing degree

of miniaturization. Incredible as they
States are thinking in terms of CMOS
processes which permit much higher HOT NEW IMPORT! REMOTE CONTROL
TV set'
No 346AE047
9.
are, today's crop of single-chip micro- component densities than conventional 30 CHANNEL CABLE TV CONVERTER!

computers are but a hint of what's to CMOS while preserving low power-con- 95 Includes remote TV
come in the future.
A 450,000-Transistor Microcom-
sumption advantage of CMOS.
Bell Laboratories, a relative newcom-
er in microprocessor technology, has re-
8
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miniaturization is the silicon chip whose processor which incorporates 100,000 Sel TV
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transistors on a single chip. While this
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chip, which measures only one-quarter chip has a fourth the components of the No.346Z4006

inch on a side, contains 450,000 transis- Hewlett- Packard CPU, it consumes VIDCOR 2000 CONVERTER ELIMINATES PROBLEMS
tors and functions as the central process- only 500 milliwatts. WHEN VIDEOTAPING FROM CABLE TV
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ur VCR's
Another big advantage to CMOS is 95
is

ing unit of what may be the most power- len fo programme, Re

8
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ful 32 -bit microcomputer yet developed. that differential amplifiers are easily poi Enables videotap ng
.tote
O

cattle program well

2000

Scientists at Hewlett -Packard's Desk- made. This simplifies the inclusion of No. 346V960
watching another q

top Computer Division (3404 East Har- such on -chip functions as analog- to -dig- UNUSUAL FACTORY SURPLUS
mony Road, Fort Collins, CO 80525) ital and digital -to-analog conversion. MID -BAND -
SUPERBAND CABLE TV TUNER

developed the new CPU chip along with 95

a series of compatible VLSI (very large What Next? In the mid- 1960's, Dr.
scale integration) devices containing up Gordon Moore of Intel predicted that
ocenute. No 346V A342
346VA3B9 Detailed ,rhemne & sprit- sheer 51.501
.
1
to 600,000 transistors per chip. The lat- the number of components integrated FACTORY SURPLUS UHF TUNERS
ter devices include an I/O processor, onto a single chip would double each
memory controller, 128K -byte RAM year. Figure 2 confirms this prediction 95 Brand new production
All solid state. Ideal
m for espe5

and 528k -byte ROM. Interconnecting and shows that chips containing mil- 53.95
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converters, etc. No. 34650099
-
these chips provides a complete 32 -bit lions of transistors may possibly be on
microcomputer. the horizon. MINIATURE FM WIRELESS MICROPHONE
As significant as the number of tran- "Moore's law," as it came to be Hides m the palm of VOW
sistors per chip is the achievement of known, cannot hold forever since it hand Reception on any star,

interconnections only 1.5 micrometers

wide and 1 micrometer apart. To place
would eventually require devices smaller
than their constituent atoms. But look at
dard FM radio or receiver.
Np. 346V482
29v.
these tiny dimensions in perspective, a what is already happening in the big QUARTER -MILE WIRELESS MICROPHONE
& RECEIVER SYSTEM
micrometer is twice the wavelength of push to make advanced CMOS chips.
green light. Honeywell has just announced a 95
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tee

The ultranarrow interconnection method of forming CMOS chips of sub- 549.95 raneeeeresinn ose&
No. 346VA093
VU mete

paths cause current densities too high micrometer geometry. The firm predicts
for the conductors used in ordinary inte- its new process will permit 250,000 com- FACTORY SURPLUS VHF / UHF
"TWIN" VARACTOR TUNERS!
grated circuits. Therefore, the Hewlett - ponents to be integrated onto a single Admiral No NC 31431.
Packard scientists used tungsten metal- chip. BRAND NEW, hical fOr .

lization on their chip. Much to the chagrin of the U.S. com- TV FRONT en.d .
panies that pioneered integrated circuit- Nb 3460C308

Other VLSI Developments. Hew- ry, Japanese firms are making major DUMPING! NORELCO ENDLESS LOOP CASSETTES'
lett- Packard's new microcomputer was strides in the development of high- densi- Impossible to find at any

announced at the International Solid - ty CMOS. Nippon, for example, makes 95 price,
3 minutas - No 346V605
State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) ear- a CMOS version of the popular 8048 $4.49 6 minutes - No 346V606

lier this year. While it is a remarkable microcomputer. Toshiba and Hitachi IN STOCK THE MURA -
CORDLESS TELEPHONE SYSTEM!
0

0 1

''-
No 346V274
0T SALE OF QUARTZ BATTERY.

o
a_
H-P 600,000 TRANSISTOR CHIP (1981) 0,0,40 PREDICTED OPERATED CLOCK MOVEMENTS!
U IO

a IO
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OUR LATEST 38 PAGE

69"
E FASCINATING CATALOG
c
lo
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
YEAR

Fig. 2. Maximum number of components per chip

o ETCO ELECTRONICS
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 solid-state developments
have both developed 4K CMOS memo- to his calculations, the size of compo- dinarily difficult tasks as speech recog-
ries with ultrafast 18-nanosecond access nents can be reduced to 0.25 microme- nition and signature analysis. In the lat-
tomes. Advanced Japanese research on ter. Assuming problems in interconnect- ter category might be chips which will
these and related topics was much in ing vast numbers of such ultrasmall enable precise aircraft or missile identi-
evidence at the ISSCC. components can be solved, correspond- fication by detailed processing of radar
The new generation of high- density ing increases in chip size provide a good returns.
ICs will be known as ultra- large -scale potential for at least 10,000,000 and Another important application for
integration (ULSI). Some of the proba- possibly 100,000,000 transistors per ULSI will be solid -state memories hav-
ble specifications of futuristic ULSI chip. As yet unperfected design tech- ing the same capacity as some of today's
chips were outlined for the ISSCC in a niques and undiscovered technologies disk memories. Of course, access times
talk by James D. Meindl of Stanford may permit billion- transistor chips. will be much faster and physical size
University. much smaller.
Dr. Meindl predicted we will have Applications for ULSI. The develop- Still another major application for
chips with from ten million to a billion ment of practical ULSI will substantial- ULSI will be entire systems on a single
transistors by the year 2000! According ly improve the outlook for such extraor- chip. For example, a large mainframe
computer might be scaled down to a sin-
gle ULSI chip. The chip might include
all interfacing circuits, several hundred -
thousand bits of RAM, several CPUs,
Universal breadboarding elements onboard analog-to- digital conversion,
with 840 solderless plug -in tie points. and other major functions.
Combines distribution system with These are exciting days indeed for
1 "x.1" matrix. Compatible with all DIPs solid -state electronics. I'll keep a close
and discretes with lead diameters up to watch on ULSI events and keep you
.032 ". Needs no special patch cords. abreast of important developments. In
the meantime, if you happen to work for
a laboratory or company involved in de-
veloping LSI and ULSI chips, please
ask your public relations department to
put my name on their mailing list.

Your breadboarding is a super -snap Integrated photodetectors with on -chip

with a solderless A P Super-Strip. interfacing made by AEG- Telefunken.

Now Photodtoctor ICs. AEG -

Build a circuit almost as fast as many as nine 14 -pin DIPs. Telefunken's Semiconductor Division
as you dream it up. Pull it Instant -mount backing has announced two highly sensitive inte-
apart and do another -
everything's as good as new.
and quick -removal screws
make stacking and racking
grated photodetectors with on -chip in-
terfacing. The U 123P consists of a pho-
Our versatile Super -Strip a snap, too.
todetector, preamplifier, and opera-
mini- breadboards ive you tional amplifier monolithically inte-
Where to buy? Phone (toll- grated on a single chip. It exhibits a 15-
the same top-quality con- free) 800 -321 -9668 for the dB signal -to-noise ratio when its detec-
tacts you get in our full - name of your local A P dis- tor is illuminated by a signal having a
scale ACE All- Circuit Evalua- tributor. And ask for our power level of only 150 nanowatts.
tors. Not so "mini," either. complete A P catalog, The The U123P requires a single -ended
You can build circuits with Faster and Easier Book. power supply delivering from 4 to 12
volts. Its op -amp output stage provides
an open-loop gain of 94 dB. The output
A P PRODUCTS INCORPORATED of the preamplifier and the input of the
9450 Pineneedle Drive op amp are brought out to separate pins
P.O. Box 603 to increase the chip's versatility.
Mentor, Ohio 44060 AEG -Telefunken's second photode-
[216] 354-2101 tector IC is designated the U102P. It is
TWX: 810-425 -2250 similar to the U123P, except that the
In Europe, contact A P PRODUCTS GmbH op -amp output stage has been replaced
Baeumlesweg 21 D-7031 Weil 1 W. Germany with a Schmitt trigger. The U 102P is
supplied in a hermetic 8 -lead metal can.
For additional information, write AEG -
Telefunken Corporation, Route 22, Orr
Drive, Somerville, NJ 08876.
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88 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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Analyzes No*AZel

89
SEPTEMBER 1981
 .,

E1XPEJ MCNTCR'S
RNCR By Forrest M. Mims
Experimenting with an Air Pressure Switch

RECENTLY, I learned that an ultrasensitive air pres- 10. Venturi tube sensor.
sure switch is available from Edmund Scientific (101 1 IPressurization sensor for inflatable structures.
.

East Gloucester Pike, Barrington, NJ 08007). I immediately These applications in turn suggest others. For example, the
ordered one and have been impressed with its capabilities. high -wind detector idea could be used as a fixed-point air-
The switch, a Honeywell Model PSF 100A, is actuated speed indicator for a model rocket, aircraft, bicycle, or auto-
(closed) by an air pressure of only 0.02 pounds per square mobile. In each case, the input ports of the sensor require con-
inch (psi). This is equivalent to the pressure of about 0.5 inch striction to permit the switch to operate at higher air pres-
of water or a gentle puff of air from a distance of a few sures. Or a higher threshold sensor switch can be used. Hon-
inches. eywell's PSF 100A -3, for example, has a switching threshold
You might be able to purchase the PSF 100A directly from of 0.1 psi.
Honeywell. Otherwise, you can buy one from Edmund (Cat.
No. 41,623) for $7.00, plus $1.30 for postage and handling. Buffer Circuits for a Pressure Sensor. As long as the
The PSF 100A has two differential control ports-one for current to be switched is less than 10 mA, the PSF IOOA
low -and the other for high -pressure operation. If one port is needs no buffering. This means the switch can directly
at atmospheric pressure (i.e., open), the other will trigger the actuate LEDs and some solid-state warning devices and alert -
switch on pressure (high port) or vacuum (low port). If both ers. For many applications, however, the rated current capac-
ports are connected to external gas sources, the switch will ity of the PSF 100A is insufficient.
close when the, pressure difference between the two sources Figure shows how to connect a low- current, inexpensive
1

exceeds 0.02 psi. relay to the PSF 100A to increase its switching capability
Fairchild assigns a life of 1,000,000 on -off operations to the from 10 mA to a full ampere (at 125 volts). Since the relay
PSF 100A. Contact resistance of closed switch is 0.5 ohm. coil current can safely exceed the 10-mA maximum rating of
The major drawback of the switch is its current rating of the PSF 100A's contacts, it is necessary to limit the current
only 10 milliamperes dc. This means that, in many applica- flow with an external resistor (Rs). Figure gives the values
1
tions, external buffering is required. We will look at several of RS for power supplies of both 6 and 9 volts which will allow
buffering methods, as well as some practical applications for the relay to pull in without exceeding the 10-mA rating.
the PSF IOOA shortly. First, let's review some of the applica- I arrived at these values by actual measurements, and you
tions listed in the Edmund data sheet: may wish to verify my results. Though the relay coil is speci-
I .Replacement of vane -type flow switches. fied to have a resistance of 500 ohms, the unit I used actually
2. High -wind detector.
3. Proximity sensor.
4. Counting sensor.
5. Clean -air system pressure -drop detector. +V
6. Edge sensor.
7. Fan or cooling system failure sensor.
8. Fixed -point temperature detector (in a closed system
dependent upon the contraction and expansion of a fixed vol-
ume of gas).
9. Respiration rate sensor.
SeA.

V+
V+ ks IF(MA)
(n)
Fig. 2. An air pressure switch can be used
b 2.70 8. Z,
to trigger an SCR as shown here.

R/R 6 330 7.2.

PRESSU4t E measured 480 ohms. At 6 volts, this relay pulled in at 5.5 mA
SwirCH
g `i7o 8.8 and dropped out when the current fell below 4.5 mA. There-
fore, the currents given in Fig. I provide ample margin for
q 680 7.3 proper operation of the relay.
Nora IF MUST Nor
!
Figure 2 shows how the PSF IOOA can be used to trigger an
EXCEED /0,.4 SCR. The pressure switch is simply inserted in the SCR's
-o K1
gate circuit. Resistor RG should provide ample SCR gate cur-
(RFD/0 SHRCk rent while limiting the current through the switch.
.Z7S-oO5) Incidentally, remember that a triggered, dc- powered SCR
stays on even after the gate signal is removed. Only when the
forward current falls below what is termed the minimum
required holding current does the SCR turn off. This occurs,
Fig. 1 Using a relay to increase current capacity. of course, when the load is temporarily disconnected. It also
occurs on the negative transition of an ac voltage.
Optoisolating the PSF 100A will electrically isolate the
90 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
experimenter's corner FOR ONLY $129.95 Learn Computing
sensor from the circuit being controlled. Figure 3 shows how
From The Ground Up
Build a Computer kit that grows
the PSF 100A is connected to the LED portion of a LED -pho- with you, and can expand to 64k
totransistor optoisolator (also called an optocoupler). RAM, Microsoft BASIC, 11 xt Edi-
Current -limiting resistor Rs must be selected to limit the tor /Assembler, Nord Processor,
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PRESSU
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An important "building block:' it activate
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It's the language that allows you to
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Package .. (Reg. $1325) SPECIAL $49995 postpaid.

Fig. 3. The air pressure switch can be isolated

TEXT EDITOR/ASSEMBLER
is
-
The editor /assembler
software rod (a program) designed to simplify the task
P81 stands for "onstage b innmmce. "For Grnodinn or-
ders. double this amount.

of writing programs. As your programs became longer Continental Credit Card Buyers Outside Connecticut:
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hours of programming time. This software includes an
editor program that enters the programs you write. makes
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TO ORDER
Application Circuits. Having explored the operation of
bler performs the clerical task of translating symbolic
code into the computer- readable object code. The editor/ Call Toll Free:
assembler program is available either in cassette or a
the PSF 100A and seen how its contacts can be buffered, we ROM version. 300- 243 -7428
can now use the switch in practical applications. I've designed -
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"B" and 8k (min.) of RAM we suggest 18k "LAWS"
see above)... 549.95 plus $2 P&1.
- To Order From Connecticut,
three circuits with biomedical applications in mind. Remem- or For Technical Assistance,
ber that these circuits are merely representative of the ways
Editor /Assembler (ROM version. supplied on an S100
card: require Level B and 9k RAM (min.(
either Level D or 16k "LAWS')
-
we suggest
$49.95 plus $2 PhI. Call (203) 354-9375
the PSF 100A can be applied. You can use the same tech- 9" FLOPPY DISK -A
remarkable "building block."

niques for applications of your own.

Puff /Sip Multi-Channel Controller. Several years ago I
Add our 8" floppy disk when you need faster operation.
more
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them io
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Figure 4 shows one way to implement a "puff /sip" control- Editor/Assembler. dynamic debugger, and other features
Acct. No. Exp Date
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CP/M -based programs ... 9150.00 postpaid.
More channels can be added by expanding the basic circuit. NEED A POWER SUPPLY? Consider our AP -1 It can
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The CMOS decade counter (IC2) is a 4017 with self -con- plorer /85 (note: disk drive have their own power supply).
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tained -of-10 output decoding. In operation, a clock formed
1 cabinet (see below).
AP -1 Power Supply kit (BV Q9 5 amps) in deluxe steel
Print Name

by two NAND gates in ICI repeatedly cycles IC2 through cabinet $9996 plus $2 P&1.
. .

each of its ten outputs. The five control channels, only one of NEED A TERMINAL? We
offer you chaises: the least ex-
Address

which is shown in Fig. 4, are provided by adjacent pairs of pensive

eypad /Display kit that dis- City
decoded outputs from IC2. plays the information on a
calculator -type screen. The
Channel 1 is controlled by pins 3 and 2 of IC2. At the other choice is our ASCII Stale Zip

beginning of a count cycle, pin 3 -the lowest order decoded

Keyboard/Computer Terminal
kit. that can he used with either

output from IC2 -goes high while all other outputs remain ETRONICS Research &DevelopmentLtd
low. This turns on Channel l's ON LED, notifying the opera-
tor that the device or appliance controlled by Channel can 1 p 333 Litchfield Road, New Milford, CT 06776
91
SEPTEMBER 1981

www.americanradiohistory.com
 experimenter's corner
+9v ro r/c
MouTH- TuBE
5J
RM
/O,t S wR *
Fig. 4. A "puff-sip" /3
/6 SCR
/g/47
single- switch,
multi-channel CHANNEL/
o-
Ic3A
z

controller circuit. RS
ICz /4-
/K
yo/7 OFF ON

CLOC,t +9V
IC/ /41
/ S 'f 14
//M //St R3
Mo// Mo// /K iR6
R/ R.2
/M /00k /o 8
IC IC
3 4 /2. 30 3D
GRouNO uNusED
/NPUTS OF MO// IC 38
(P/N5 8, 9, /.t, /3 7
103 =5/066

/ of S CHANNELS -MOWN * SEE TENT-

be turned on by puffing or sipping on the plastic tube connect- can be increased at the expense of slowing down the control
ed to the circuit's single PSF lOOA air switch. Depending cycle.
upon the value of CI, the operator has up to a second to oper- Whether or not the air switch is closed when Channel l's
ate the air switch. If more time is required, the value of CI ON LED is glowing, the clock eventually advances 1C2 to
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92 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
decoded output two (pin 2). This turns on Channel 1's OFF
LED and notifies the operator that the device or appliance
controlled by Channel 1 can be turned off by puffing or sip-
ping on the air switch's tube. Again, whether or not the switch
is closed, !C2 continues to advance through the decoded out-
puts as the clock supplies pulses. If the switch is not closed,
the controlled device or appliance remains either on or off.
The four transmission gates in a single 4066 analog switch
(IC3) provide the necessary control logic for a single channel.
If the air switch is closed when Channel l's ON LED is glow-
ing, !C3A closes, firing the SCR and pulling in the relay.
If the air switch is closed when Channel l's OFF LED is
glowing, IC3B closes. This, in turn, closes IC3C. Switch IC3D
is normally in the closed state due to the voltage drop across
R6, but when IC3C closes, the control pin (6) of IC3D goes to
ground. This opens the current path through the SCR, turn-
ing off the SCR and allowing the relay to drop out.
When IC2 advances to the next decoded output, IC3B and
IC3C open and IC3D is again closed by the drop across R6. the ar :nna specialists co. presents the
The SCR can then be triggered by a puff or sip the next time atest adv ce in high- performance antennas for
Channel l's otv LED is glowing. pr essional CB communications
I used a low- current relay (Radio Shack 275 -004) in the d major support for REACT
prototype of the circuit. The SCR can be any low-voltage,
economy-grade unit.
Follow the circuit used for Channel 1 to add additional con- Formula cars and our new Model M -710
trol channels. The PSF 100A in Fig. 4 should be connected to Formula -1 shEre an identical engineering
stratagy continually refine a proven basic
pins 5 and 13 of each additional channel's 4066. This permits design with one objective: MAXIMUM
one switch to control all channels. Connect the mouth tube to POSSIBLE PERFORMANCE.
the switch's HIGH port for puff operation or the LOW port for Thai's Formula -1- direct descendant of
sip operation. A/S s classic base - loaded mobile police
antennas. Born for performance, built to
last, Formula -1 is the result of over 25
Pi-RS years of continuous development. Today's
TSl_ new state -of- the -art in mobile CB antennas.
-i..NoSTR/L
ro
t9V
Precision -wound, water-
proof coil. Lifetime burnout
guarantee.
Factory tuned: set -screw
ultra -fine tuning.

Longer whip for more

"reach"

Tapered stainless steel whip

minimizes range -robbing
wind deflection.
Anti- static whip ball -tip.

New quarter -turn quick -

disconnect life tested over
2,500 times.
Easy to install. 17' pre -
assembled cable, miniature
in -line connector, contour -
Fig. 5. Respiration indicator provides audible signal. forming protective mounting
gasket, hardware for both
roof -top or trunk-lip
Caution: Do not exceed the relay's contact ratings. Avoid mounting.
shock hazards by powering the circuit with a 9 -volt battery
and carefully insulating connections to the relay's contacts. 5 -year limited warranty
Respiration Indicator. The circuit in Fig. 5 provides a brief
tone burst each time a person or animal being monitored
inhales or exhales. The circuit is a straightforward 555 asta-
ble oscillator whose frequency is controlled by Cl.
When the PSF 100A air pressure switch, SI, is open, the
the antenna specialists co. a member of The Allen Group
12435 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohro 44106
555's reset input (pin 4) is held low by R4 and the oscillator is Exxon 2200 Shames Dove
Westbury L New York 11590
disabled. When SI is closed, pin 4 of the 555 is made high via I

Canada. A C Simmonds A Sons. Ltd

R3 and the oscillator is enabled. Simultaneously, C3 is

charged through R3 to the battery voltage. When Si is
opened, pin 4 is held high by the charge on C3 until it dis- 3"a. Formula -1 contributes more than just performance:
charges through R4. The oscillator is then disabled. To encourage CB for serious highway communi-
The tone frequency of this circuit can be increased (or cations, we're donating $1.00 to REACT Inter-
decreased) by reducing (or increasing) the value of CI. The national for every Formula -1 purchased in 1981.
Join REACT. Get involved. Ask your dealer.
length of the tone burst can be extended by increasing the val-
ue of C3, or the extended tone burst can be eliminated entirely
by removing C3. The circuit will continue to provide a tone for
each respiration cycle.
I tested the circuit by taping a length of flexible aquarium
CIRCLE NO. 5 ON FREE NFORMATION CARD
SEPTEMBER 1981 93
 experimenter's corner
t9v

R/ RL
4 81
R3
Y.7k
/M IC 4.7K
/4
6
556 8 /z 5 Fig. 6. This circuit monitors
OR 3 /0 // respiration and emits a
7555 ZC.Z ZCLB ZCLC rcz o ToNE
our
2
warning tone when time between
9 6
breaths exceeds a
D/ predetermined interval.
2N 907
c/
z-
/pF
.
RM
/M
RS
/ook
y o/f,,F
LC I = SSS OR 73- SS
/CZ = 4L0 //
5 / = R/R PRESSURE 51 /rch
the time between breaths exceeds a predetermined interval.
The portion of the circuit involving ICI is a missing pulse
or-PLAs r/C TWIE detector. If you prefer, you can use a 7555, the CMOS version
--i To NOSTR/L of the 555.
In operation, the missing pulse detector is reset each time
tubing under one nostril. When the remaining end of the tub- SI, a PSF 100A air switch, is closed. Resistor R2 controls the
ing was attached to the PSF 100A's Low port, the circuit maximum time allowed between reset pulses. If the circuit is
beeped each time I inhaled. When the tube was connected to not reset before the allowed time expires, pin 3 of the 555 goes
the HIGH port, the circuit beeped when I exhaled. Try both low. This actuates an astable oscillator made from IC2B and
operating modes if you build the circuit. IC2C. If the 555 is subsequently reset, the oscillator will be
This circuit provides a simple way for recording the breath- disabled. Otherwise the oscillator will provide a continuous
ing rates of animals for study and evaluation. It can also be warning tone. The frequency of the warning tone can be
used with human subjects such as athletes. It should be used changed by changing the value of C2.
with seriously ill patients only under medical supervision. In You can test this circuit by using a length of aquarium tub-
any case, power the circuit with a 9 -volt battery or an isolated ing as described in the previous section. Be sure to power the
line- operated supply to avoid electrical shock. circuit with a 9 -volt battery or isolated line supply to avoid the
Respiration Failure Alarm. When used under proper medi- possibility of electrical shock. Like any biomedical electronic
cal supervision, the circuit in Fig. 6 can save a life. It contin- device, the respiration failure alarm should be used with seri-
uously monitors respiration and emits a warning tone when ously ill patients only under medical supervision.

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CT -660E Talking digital alarm clock
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94 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 IL
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Reader's Comments. The April 1981 installment of this
column attracted a number of interesting letters. As you may One Penny.
recall, that column concerned electronic aids for the handi- Order today by calling us
capped. Frank Cuta, an electrical engineer at Battelle North- on our new toll -free number.
west Laboratories, wrote that while he appreciated the col-
umn, "... the tone of the article tends to appeal to the
nonhandicapped person ... It would do a heap of good if you
Forordersonip, 800 - 343 -3086
400-PRE-FORMED %z WATTERS, popular values, some 5 & 10 ers, ( #6246)
would mention in your next article on this subject that you
expect the information to be used by technically inclined -75
_50
35.UPRIGHT ELECTROS. 100%, assorted values & voltages, marked
-CABLE TIES, 4" nonslip white plastic, like Tywrap,
-MINI POTS, pc style, single turn, assorted values
( #3226)
( #5218)
( #3345)
handicapped persons as well. It promotes a positive image of 150 -PC. CAPACITOR SPECIAL, asst. mylars, polys, micas, etc. 100% mat ( #6264)
handicapped people and their capabilities."

--
175 -1/4 WATT RESISTORS, asstd. carbons, carbofllms, some 5 %ere. (#57979)
Mr. Cuta, who happens to be blind, is right. I hope his sug- _60- iPOLYSTYRENE CAPS, assorted types, styles & sizes, all good, ( #2729)
_SURPRISE PAK Assortment of IC's, caps, pots and parts of every desc ( #6648)

gestion will encourage both disabled and nondisabled readers 175HALF WAITERS, 100% color coded resistors, asst. values,
175-MOLEX SOCKETS, "on a strip ", make your own pc sockets,
(#3046)
( #6255)
to build the projects which appear in this column. 400PREFORMED1/2 WAITERS, assorted values, precut for PC appl. ( #6622)

The former chief engineer at a radio station wrote to

-
24-MINI- BULBS, ASST. VOLTAGES & base styles, some colored ( #6757)

describe his experiences with a blind operator who was able to

-125 -LONG LEAD DISK, prime, marked caps, assorted material.
50-SLIDE SWITCHES, various shapes, sizes and types
( #2598)
( #2726)

operate sophisticated equipment with the help of various LED 25MICRO MINI REED SWITCHES, 1" long, for alarms, relay systems, etc (#6263)
50THERMISTORS, various types & styles, neg. coefficient, 100%
indicators and a light probe. He also " .. used his light probe .
200 -PREFORMED DISCS, caps w /leads for PC use, mixed values,
( #4089)

to `see' the moon for the first time in his life ... Here's hoping
( #2605)
50.AXIAL ELECTROS, asst. values, volts, sizes, what a buy! ( #3227)
100PLESSY CAPS, ceramic blocks in assorted sizes & values,
that articles such as Mr. Mims's will stimulate some thoughts 3 -WATCH GUTS, 5- function, LED style, assorted sizes, untested
( #6221)

( #6287)
on interfacing the world to people who might otherwise sit 6-TIME DELAYS, solid state, asst. from 450 mSec to 8 Sec ( #6758)
100PLASTIC TRANSISTORS, untested, to-92, asst. types .. (#2804)
around all their lives...."

--4-
75- TRANSISTOR ELECTROLYTICS, epoxy encapsulated, asst. values, ... ( #2747)
This reader had a suggestion of his own: "I've noticed that 20-SLIDE VOLUME CONTROLS, various values & types, for HI-FI, etc ( #3057)
500-PC-HARDWARE SURPRISE, (approx.) 1 lb. asst. screws, washers, etc. ( #6271)
many elevators now have the floor selector buttons labelled in -100
-50 -POWER RESISTORS, 3to 7watt power resistors, ( #6281)
Braille. The problem is that even though the blind person can -2 WATT RESISTORS, assorted carbons, films etc. some 5'/pars, ( #6238)
24SKINNY TRIM POTS, multi single turn, asst. values & types, .(#6285)
select the proper floor, he cannot know for sure which floor 40 CRYSTALS, assorted types, some H6/U, some frequency marked. .(#6256)
the elevator has stopped at. What a place for an annunciator. -209V

--
BATTERY CLIPS, snap connectpr, coded, Insulated leads, ,(#6286)
HEAVY DUTY LINE CORDS, 2 cond. Oft., 16 gauge
It could say something as simple as `third floor' or as elabo- 200PRECISION RESISTORS, 1/2W, assorted wattages 1%, axial
.(#6292)
( #2428)
rate as `fifth floor: ladies hosiery, lamps, tables and lights.' "
This is an excellent suggestion. I'll be glad to pass along -20 30PANEL SWITCHES, assorted rotary, micro, slide, etc
-PAIRS -RCA PLUGS & JACKS, popular for Hl.Fl, speakers, etc
(#6629)
(#8630)

other ideas in future columns. If you wish to make a sugges-

tion, please give permission for its use. Also, clearly print (or
_5 4.2N3055 NPN TRANSISTORS, 115 watts, 15 amps, TO.3, 100% mat
-LINE CORDS, heavyduty, 18 gauge, 6', molded plug, 2-cond.
20.2N3055 HOBBY TRANSISTORS, manuf. fallout, TO-3, Utest,
(#6633)
(#6499)
( #6624)

--
25PLASTIC POWERS, 25 watt, npn & pnp, 50.200 bvcbo, TO.220 (#6237)
type) your name and address. Names will be omitted upon 150 "4000" RECTIFIERS, IN4000 series, may Include; 50 to 1000V ( #2417)
30-SCRs &TRIACS, assorted values, 10 Amp TO.220, untested (#6337)
request. 60 -IN914 SWITCHING DIODES, 4 neat, axial, glass, untested (#6632)
30-INSTRUMENT KNOBS, for half round shafts, some wlpolnters (#6498)
35STEREO INDICATORS, tiny red 1.5V bulbs, for HI-FI replacement (#8244)
-40.EDGE
OLYMPIC
-
216 S. Oxford Ave. CONNECTORS, asst. 4 & 6 pin, 2sided, pc leads (#6384)
Los Angeles, CA 90004 6- MINIMOTORS, type RE56,1.5.6VDC, color-coded wire leads (#6718)

1213) 739.1130 _25NE2 BULBS, neon, for 110 VAC, requires resistor, (not Inc) ) ( #2613)
-150- METALLIC RESISTORS, mostly t/watters, asst. val. 1.5% tot (#6280)

SALES SINCE 1947

PHONE ORDERS:
TOLL FREE
out of Cal 800-421-8045
HONOR
WE
40-VOLUME CONTROLS, assorted values & types
25.2N3904 TRANSISTORS, 100% material
-28ft. -COLORED 20 MIL FIBERS, 2' lengths, assorted colors
08331)
(#6370)

-125 .(#6768)

COMPANY in Calif. 800- 252 -2153

Telex: 67 34 77
Cable: "OLYRAV" LSA -200
-1
-ONE WATT RESISTORS, top names, mostly carbons,some 5 %ere ( #3300)
PC. SEMICON SPECIAL, asst. diodes, zeners, etc. untested
40- STRAIN RELIEFS, asst. types in various sizes & shapes
( #6284)
( #6756)
HEWLETT
apple computer
-UHF TUNER 300 ohm, direct drive type ( #6658)
J7
r.A PACKARD
_200- ,

TUBULAR APS, asst. tubulars, 100mmf to 0.1 mf to 600 WVDC #6254)

60 -MINI LAMP SOCKETS, asst. screw, bayonet, & snap -in's.
6 III ( #6789)

-
APPLE COMPUTERS II
Retail Your Cos, We are an authorized Apple servicing dealer 150 -SUBMINI IF TRANSFORMERS, asst. transistor radio types ( #6259)
HP -$5
HP 83
Microcomputer
Microcomputer
16K Exp. mem. module
3250.00
2250.00
295.00
2595.00
1795.00
259.95
15K32K-49K 128K Graphics tablet
Drive with controller DOS 3.3 and others
-25 10- PUSHBUTTON ALARM SWITCHES, spat n.c. 1A 125 VAC
-DATA ENTRY SWITCHES, asst. 1/2" square keyboard switches
10- MOTORS MOTORS, asst.size hobby motors, i -1 /2 to 12 volts .. 1425519)
( #6267)
( #6667)

80 column cards VisiCalc and more and more 150 -TERMINAL STRIPS, asst. screw & solder lug types ( #6251)
Graphics plotter 7225 2450.00 2089.95
We have the best prices on Apple computers in 50 -T0.5 TRIACS, asst. 50 to 600 PIV.70% yield, gold plated, 3 leads ( #6321)
Personality mod. for 7225 150.00 679.95
26310 Impact printer, hvy duty 3950.00 3295.00
America -
"CALL US!" 200 -HI- DUALITY RESISTORS, 1/8, 1/2, & 1 watters.1% & 5% ( #6627)
Opt. 020 for 26316
8 disk drives to choose from
150.00 129.95 SEIKO (USA) WATCHES -(Limited
Current models & MORE! Offer!) -20
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40 -MYLAR UPRIGHT CAPS, asst. epoxy, plastic, polystrene,etc
-HOBBY LEDS, asst. types styles & colors, mostly dims
FT. -FIBER OPTIC RIBBON, 3/8" wide ribbons conduct light
( #6634)
( #6225)
( #6770)
829025
9895A 8" dual drive
Graphics tablet 91119
1300.00
6850.00
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1149.95
5595.00
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These models guaranteed by Seiko anywhere vo "r
within USA Retail Cost
-100
-100- -PIN SOCKETS, inline male & female crimp -on connectors ( #6902)
ASSORTED SPACERS, nylon spacers, washers, grommets, etc ( #6617)
FJ113 Divers watch, 300 h; S/S 195.00 79.95
HP-41CV 2.2K bytes of memory 325.00 259.95 YH006 Ladies quartz LCD, gldtne 79.95
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HP-41 C Calculator 250.00 100.95 YH002 Ladies quartz LCD, gldtne 250.00 14.95
Card reader for 41CV /41C 215.00 168.95 YH016 Ladies quartz LCD, gldtne 225.00 69.95
Printer for 41CV/41C 385.00 284.95
Optical wand for 41 CV /41 C
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Texas Instruments
Ref., Vow Cnsr
MATTEL INTELLI VISION
Most animated 'TV game
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Y/C:$239.95
INCLUDE SHIPPING AND HANDLING: U.S., ADD $3.; FOREIGN, ADD 57.
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PC 100C Printer /plotter for 59/58 225.00 149.95
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NEW! Calculator Watch w /Alarm TI 810 -11 100 12" B/W, 12 MHz 179.00 129.95
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All goods subject to availability: this ad supersedes all
previous ads; we are not responsible for typographical Orders onl 800-343-3086 Other calls 1 -617- 245 -3828
TV GAME
SONY L500,2 hr $11.09 errors; we will meet or bear any advertised price if our ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS indicate quantity on line or box near item
Retail $225.00 competition has the goods on hand. Minimum shpg A
Your Cost: L750, 3 hr 1489 handling $4.95. All orders subject to verification and desired Complete coupon section Cut out Ad and mail to Poly Paks, Inc.
S137 95 RCA VK250, 6 hr 13.95 acceptance.
Send me your FREE catalog
CIRCLE NO. 55 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
SEPTEMBER 1981
CIRCLE NO. 56 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 Bearcar 21 OXL
Super Scanner Look what you get with the
Bearcat 210 XL. Exciting, new
spaceage styling. No- crystal,
pushbutton tuning. New. 18 chan-
nel, 6-band coverage of over 6000
frequencies. And features like 2
scan speeds. Automatic Squelch,
Search, and Lockout. Direct Chan -
nel Access Selective Scan Delay
And much more There's never
been a Scanner like the Bearcat
210XL LISTENING
TAKE IT FROM A By Glenn Hauser
SMART OPERATOR':

BEARCAT 410XL
SCANNER
Strikes Disrupt International Broadcasting
$229.
Radio Canada International was during which DW considered its North
forced off the air in May by labor American English- speaking audience
disputes. Though unable to originate worthy of no more than 20 or 30 minute
newscasts in any language, RCI was programs. The man to thank is DW's
THE LOWEST PRICED, able to continue broadcasting English - new director, Klaus Schtz, though his
language news programs coming from predecessor, Conrad Ahlers -who died
FULL- FEATURE, Toronto, which had already been sched- unexpectedly in December-started the
uled. RCI did not carry any additional move.
newscasts from Toronto, but played fill New Orleans' new shortwave station,
BEARCAT NO- CRYSTAL music instead. WRNO, should be on the air by Septem-
Ko! Israel was also hit by labor diffi- ber if its transmitter and antennas were
SCANNER EVER. culties in May. It was forced to substi-
tute fill music for regularly scheduled
delivered as planned in late June. Unlike
Bring home all the real
all other U.S. shortwave broadcasting
excitement of scanning, and
programs, except the news, which con- stations, which are either governmental
save! Bearcat 160 features a tinued as usual. ( "Usual" meaning that or missionary, WRNO will be a com-
smooth, keyless keyboard the news on the 0000, 0100, and 0200 mercial rocker. It registered this tenta-
for all controls including vol- GMT broadcasts was tape- delayed from tive schedule for September and Octo-
ume and squelch. Has 5- 2230.) ber: 1830 -2100 GMT on 15175; 2100-
band, 16 channel coverage. Radio Andorra faced an even more 2300 on 11890; 2300 -0200 on 11965;
Priority, Selective Scan De- serious situation at the end of March
lay, Automatic Lockout and
0200-0700 on 6155. Meanwhile, Radio
Search. And much more.
when its 20-year license expired. The Portugal has started using 6155 for its
Bearcat is number one in station had been dominated by Spanish broadcasts to North America; and the
scanning. and French interests, resulting in little Austrian Radio will no doubt object to
programming which served Andorra it- 6155, which it also uses toward the end
"TAKE rt FROM self. The Andorrans wanted it to be a of WRNO's projected schedule.
station of their own; it went off the air Two Pacific Islands which had been
A SMART pending resolution of the conflict. difficult -to- impossible to hear in North
OP6tAT01C' Radio New Zealand has been strug- America burst upon the scene this year.
gling to keep its shortwave service going, Radio Kiribati fired up a single -side-
despite the drawbacks of two antiquated band unit on 16433 kHz, to feed its pro-
71 /2 -kW transmitters. Several times over grams to another island under the same
the past few years, it has submitted administration, Christmas Island (the
plans to get new higher -powered trans- one in the Pacific). They picked up an
mitters, only to have them turned down audience in North America, too, in the
by the N.Z. government. The latest pro- 0600-0900 time period; the first half of
$189. posal is for a site adjoining a naval the program is in English (including
BEARCAT 160 transmitting facility, with four 50 -kW BBC transcriptions), the second in Gil-
transmitters. If this is also turned down, bertese (or Kiribati).
SCANNER Radio New Zealand threatens to give
`Dec*
-lL ectra Company
Division of Masco Corp of Indiana
up shortwave altogether. Not having a
big signal means that stronger stations
Radio Cook Islands had at least been
on shortwave, usually 5045 kHz, but
still faced a considerable challenge until
do not respect its frequencies. In late it moved to 11760 kHz, also at 0600 past
Add $7.00 per scanner for U.P.S. ground May, the Voice of America went on 0900. During the summer, this frequen-
shipping in the continental U.S. Send 17860 in the 0000 -0400 GMT period; cy happened to be clear after Havana
your cashier's check or money order to an unidentified utility frequently over- signed off, but this fluke cannot be ex-
our address below or order by phone if comes 15485; HCJB and Radio Peking pected to continue, nor can Radio Cook
you have a Visa or Master Charge card. block 11945 after 1130 GMT; and Islands be depended upon to stay on this
RNZ's old 49 -meter channel of 6105 frequency.
TM can no longer be used because of televi- Those still seeking a Pacific DX lis-
sion- interference complaints near the tening challenge should try for this one:
MCOMMUNICATIONS transmitter site. "3RPH," Radio for the Print Handi-
Not all the news is bad. The Voice of capped, in Melbourne, Australia, on the
ELECTRONICS-
LECTRON ICSTM Germany, Radio Deutsche Welle, is re- unusual frequency of 1705 kHz. Such
854 Phoenix O Box 1002 O Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 U.S.A.
portedly expanding its North American stations in the U.S. operate on FM sub-
Call TOLL -FREE (800) 521 -4414 oroutslde U.S.A. (313) 994.4444 service in English to 50- minute pro- carriers, but Australia has taken a dif-
CIRCLE NO. 1 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
grams in September, after several years ferent route since its FM broadcasting
96 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
system is not fully developed. This is a
volunteer- operated station with 500
THE WEDGE...
watts, active initially in the local eve- ...is designed out of a special high -density,
nings (and heard at 1130 GMT by Ar- open-cell acoustic urethane material for opti-
thur Cushen in New Zealand), but plan- mum sound absorption and noise reduction in
ning to expand to 24 -hour transmission. the home, office, and recording studio.
Similar stations on nearby frequencies
are expected soon in Brisbane, Sydney WEDGE products ARE A MUST-
and Hobart. Now is the time to try for - For the electronics and computer enthusiast
them in North America because, in a to quiet workroom areas.
few years, this frequency range will be
- For the audiophile, to provide a proper
smothered by an expanding domestic acoustic environment in his sound room.
AM band.
Two Caribbean islands have new me- - For the home hobbyist, to isolate machinery
diumwave stations operated by Ameri- and other unwanted noise problems.
can interests. The Voice of America's - For the office, as modular office dividers.
English service to the Americas is now
- For the recording studio, where portable
available on AM radios, thanks to a 50- sound barriers and proper room treatment
kilowatt transmitter on 1580 kHz from
are essential.
Antigua. It could be heard in the U.S.
itself before its directional antenna was WEDGE products come in a variety of attractive
finished, in the 0000 -0400 GMT period. styles, such as our room dividers (shown here),
And on Anguilla, Quality Media Corp. wall paneling, portable sound barriers, and in
has gone on the air with "The Carib- sheeting, for ease of application anywhere.
bean Beacon" on 690 and 1610 kHz. It's
a gospel station, mostly in English, but For more information and a free brochure
with Spanish reported at 0300-0330 by contact:
Maxfield Greenwood in Maine.
Anti- Castro Cubans in Florida must
now feel freer to put clandestine radio
stations on the air, since a U.S. attorney
refused to prosecute one such operator,
Esotech Inc.
much to the chagrin of the FCC. Cur- 7778 Mitchell Road
rently the most reliable and professional
anti -Castro station is Radio Cuba Libre, Minneapolis, Mn 55344
which says it is run by the Cuban Chris- (612) 934 -5790
tian Democratic Movement. Half-hour
broadcasts start at 11 p.m. (ET) on CIRCLE NO. 28 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
6989 kHz (announced as 6990), on
Thursdays and Sundays.
Ironically, in June, the Senate ap-
proved a regulation proposed by Sen.
Jesse Helms (R, NC), requiring the
Voice of America to identify its broad-
casts to Cuba as "Radio Cuba Libre."
But since "Cita Con Cuba" was dropped
McIntosh
several years ago, VOA broadcasts in
Spanish have been for Latin America in
general. This includes those on 1180
STEREO CATALOG
kHz from Florida, for which the main
target is Cuba. and FM DIRECTORY
Radio Quince de Septiembre, the Get all the newest and latest information on the new
clandestine station opposing the Sandin- McIntosh catalog. In addition you will receive an FM sta-
ist government in Nicaragua, operated tion directory that covers all of North America.
freely and clearly at 0400 GMT each
night on 5565 kHz until the Sandinists
apparently decided to jam it in late
May. After that, the station and the
jammer began playing cat -and-mouse,
jumping from one frequency to another
in that area, such as 5555 and 5570. Of
course, this also disrupts aeronautical 0 a ^ t1 .o o
communications allocated for this band.
Rdio Nacional, Brasilia, provides a
pleasant respite from rhetoric and noise,
especially on its "Sunday Special" pro- McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. PE
grams at 0200-0300 (GMT Mondays) East Side Station P.O. Box 96
on 17830 and 15290. Talk and music - Binghamton, N.Y. 13904
oriented specials alternate: scheduled
for Aug. 9, Carmen Miranda; Aug. 16,
SEND
Brazilian Coffee and Its History; Aug. NAME
23, Brazilian Country Music; Aug. 30,
History of the Brazilian Republic.
For more background information on
TODAY! ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP
broadcasting around the world, tune in
Austrian Shortwave Panorama, GMT
Mondays at 0434, on 12015 kHz. 0 If you are in a hurry for your catalog please send the coupon to McIntosh.
For non rush service send the Reader Service Card to the magazine.
SEPTEMBER 1981
CIRCLE NO. 52 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
jiAludiornatic EIlcctronca7
PIONEER
KEX -20
KE -5100
Car Stereo
219.99
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SPECIAL OF
.RNSEN 4405
1140 MONTH
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KF -75N 186.99
EP -550
GM-2 Waver Ara;
GM4 Pegu And
CD-5 Equable
135.99
34.99
51.99
94.99
Atari CXd606
TDKT -t!0 N1797
VIDEO
Vida Ora 149.00
1549
ACTIVE
TOE HC -120 (VHS) . 1999
AD-30 EalMwo 44.99

FT-30
FT-9
SANYO CAR STEREO
184.99
142.99
Mud T-120 (VHS)
Fuji 1120 (VHS)
Sony LJ50117enl
Sony 4111O (k$
15.49
1499
1499
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ANTENNA 11P5 &
Fuji L-NU )ied 10.99
Covers 300 KHz - 30 MHz.
1EEHNKUCS
FTC-16 14199
CAR STE RE O
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UDXL-II C -90 339 For SWL , BCL, VLF DXers.
UDXL-II C40 249
CALL FOR THOSE NOT LISTED
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UOXL -1 C40
90XL -I CM
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J -1033 8psekrs
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UD C-90
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wires
J -1065 Speakers 82.69 /pr UD- 35-18N Rol 18.49
J-IOBS Speakers 40.99/n UD -35 -180 Reel 15.29
J-1101 -ulcers

T90
CRAIG CAR STEREO
62.99/ r

214.99
UD- 35.908 Reel
U035.90 Real
6.79
5.49 $79P shipping) Negative Logic Gates
T-619 189.99 UTOF( BLANK TAPES MFJ -1020 NEW INDOOR ACTIVE ANTENNA An experimeter who is accustomed to
R-200 184.99
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SA C -90
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tits on your desk ready to listen to the world. reading schematics containing positive -
COS-900
A jr ` A' r

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Rivals, can often exceed, reception of outside logic gate symbols might be confused
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long wire. Unique Tuned Active Antenna mini- when a gate symbol with negative -logic
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0114700 177.99 LX-35-90 OW 5.49 AND GATE WITH NEGRT/VE-f-OG/G /NPUTS
KHz to 30 MHz in five bands. Adjustable tele-
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG scoping antenna. Controls: Tune, Band Selector.
Y
ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS
All merchandise is Factory Fresh with manufacturers
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Gain, On-OttlBypass. LED. FET, bipolar circuitry.
Phono jack for external ant. 6x2x6 inches.
BR
for Quick Shipment within 24 Hours. Add Shipping Charges
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Customer Service HOT-LINE (212) 603 -9066
Order from MFJ and try it. If not delighted,
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1263
In N.Y., Hawaii, Alaska, 0 Canada

Broadway New York

CIRCLE NO 9 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Call (212)686-5500
N.Y 10001 IVI FJ Enterprises, Inc.
BOX 494. MISS, STATE.

CIRCLE NO. 51 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD,

MS 39762 GATE
TRUTH TRBLE FOR' AND
W /TN /NA/TS /N VER TED

R e Y

/ o o
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Experience o O o

T.eL/ TN TRBLE FC.0

The World's Most NOR GATE WITH POSITIVE L!

/N`UTS
- ;/!

Versatile Microcomputer
/w. m
decipher those gates. Draw a truth table

IMSAI for the gate, ignoring the inverted in-

puts, as shown here (see figure). Then
invert inputs on the truth table. Deter-
mine which type of gate fits this truth
table. The truth table with the inverted
inputs is that for a NOR gate with posi-

8080 tive -logic inputs, which is the actual

gate used in such a circuit. -John Fo-
bel, Ontario, CA.
Kit $599.00
Low-Cost Holders for
Assembled $ 799.00 Soldering Irons
Includes: 22 -Slot Motherboard with Sockets
Small clay flower pots (about 4 in. diame-
28 Amp Power Supply ter) make good, inexpensive holders for sol-
MPU -A 8080 2 Mhz. Processor dering irons. The pot is simply inverted and
Programmer's Front Panel the iron tip inserted into the drainage hole.
Because of its wide base, the holder is very
Send Check or Money Order to stable; and, since the material is a poor heat
conductor, it can be put on a finished table
IMSAI Computer Division of the Fischer -Freitas Corporation or desk top without causing damage to the
910 81st Avenue, Bldg. 14 Oakland, CA 94621 finish. Needless to say, the flower pot costs
only a fraction of an ordinary soldering -iron
415/635 -7615 holder. -F. Penicka, Mississauga, Ontar-
'nisei is a trademark of the Fischer -Freitas Corporation io, Canada
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
CIRCLE NO 39 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 Interrelated Integrated
Electronics Circuits counter, electronic dice, and a digital

CL11CNCS by R.M. Mendelson

Here's a book for the project builder. It
contains details for building a diversity
roulette "wheel." Each project is fully
described, accompanied by circuit de-
scription, schematic diagram, parts list,
of interesting electronic projects, includ- component- layout diagram, hints on
LIDBABY ing power supplies, amplifiers, passive
circuits, test and measurement instru-
construction, and photo of the finished
project. Etching- and -drilling guides for
ments, and electronic games. All told, each project are contained in the appen-
there are 25 projects. Among the items dix at the back of the book.
you can build are an audio mixer, SSB Published by Hayden Book Co., Inc., 50
detector, resistance boxes, portable Essex St., Rochelle Park, NJ 07662.
TRS-80 BASIC DMM, battery -powered frequency Soft cover. 128 pages. $6.95.
by Albrecht, Inman & Zamora
This book has been written so that even

Hear there
a beginner can teach himself how to
read, write, and program in BASIC on
the TRS -80 microcomputer. The "pro-

and everywhere.
grammed- instruction" format first in-
troduces a topic and follows it with one
or more questions, answers for which
immediately follow the questions. Re-
view questions at the end of each chap-
ter allow the reader to gauge his pro-
gress. Games, graphics, learning tools,
and home management applications are
given to illustrate programming tech-
niques. Since the book's main thrust is
the BASIC language itself, procedures
for setting up the TRS -80 and use of a
cassette recorder in the system are in
separate appendices.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016.
Soft cover. 351 pages. $8.95.
How to Repair CB Radios
by Lawrence E. Schultz
If any of you bodacious CBers are hav-
ing trouble getting your ears on, here is
a straightforward guide to CB trouble-
shooting and repair. In addition to ex- Easy tuning, digital display, professional quality
amples of commercially available equip-
ment, hints are given on how to build
your own equipment and accessories.
Written from a service technician's
R-1000
The R -1000 is an amazingly
Three

6 -kHz
IF filters for optimum
AM, SSB, CW. 12 -kHz and
(adaptable to 6 -kHz
and 2.7 -kHz) for AM wide and
point of view, the manual provides a de- easy -to- operate, high - narrow, and 2.7 -kHz filter for
scription of the circuitry in both 23- and performance, communications high -quality SSB (USB and
40- channel CB radios. Also covered are receiver, covering 200 kHz to LSB) and CW reception.
power supplies, distribution systems, an- 30 MHz in 30 bands. This PLL
synthesized receiver features a Dimmer switch to control
tennas, transmission lines, and single - digital frequency display and intensity of S -meter and other
sideband radios. analog dial, plus a quartz panel lights and digital display.
Published by McGraw -Hill Book Co., digital clock and timer.
Gregg Div., New York, NY. Soft Cover. Effective noise blanker.
R -1000 FEATURES:
192 pages. $9.95. Covers 200 kHz to 30 MHz Wire antenna terminals for
continuously. 200 kHz to 2 MHz and 2 MHz
Video /Computers to 30 MHz. Coax terminal for
30 bands, each MHz wide. 2 MHz to 30 MHz.
by Charles J. Sippl & Fred Dahl 1

Almost every American household con- Five -digit frequency display Voltage selector for 100, 120,
tains video and audio terminals -the with -kHz resolution and
1 220, and 240 VAC. Also
television set and telephone. These ter- analog dial with precise gear adaptable to operate on 13.8
dial mechanism. VDC with optional DCK -1 kit.
minals can be interfaced with a number
of devices, most importantly, the micro- Built -in 12 -hour quartz digital OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES:
computer (or computer terminal) and clock with timer to turn on SP -100 matching external
radio for scheduled listening speaker.
the VCR. If you're interested in imagi- or control a recorder through
native ways to combine this technology, remote terminal. HS -5 and HS -4 headphones.
this book may be a good source of ideas. Step attenuator to prevent DCK -1 modification kit for
Simple sketches show how things work, overload. 12 -VDC operation.
and configuration diagrams help you de-
velop your own construction projects.
Hardware is listed by manufacturer,
with an overview of basic specifications.
Terminal for external tape
recorder.
Tone control.
KENWOOD
TRIO -KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS INC.
Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Engle- Built -in 4 -inch speaker. 1111 WEST WALNUT / COMPTON, CA 90220

wood Cliffs, NJ 07632. Hard cover. 246

pages. $15.95. CIRCLE NO. 75 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
SEPTEMBER 1981 99
 niques while maintaining the flexibility tendent of Documents, Washington, DC

NEW of manual layout. Also featured are

20,000 printed- circuit drafting aids to
create precision pc artwork masters. Ad-
20402.

Miniature Tool Catalog

dress: Bishop Graphics, Inc. 5388 Ster-
LflEPi1TURE ling Center Dr., Westlake Village, CA
91359.
Catalog C -8010 describes the Moody
line of miniature screwdrivers, sockets,
hex key wrenches, drills, and taps avail-
Solid -State Replacement Guide able in sets and kits. Tools are inter-
INathkit Catalog changeable in a solid -locking, chuck -
The 1981 RCA SK line of solid -state type, knurled handle and are intended
The new 104 -page catalog from Heath replacements are listed in a new guide for work on models and electronics. Ad-
includes; in addition to the company's covering 1,300 devices which replace dress: Moody Tools Inc., 42 -60 Cromp-
standard kits for amateur radio, stereo, 170,000 domestic and foreign types. In- ton Ave., E. Greenwich, RI 02818.
and test equipment, new kits for a 2- cluded are transistors, rectifiers, thyris-
meter amplifier, a deluxe antenna tuner, tors, integrated circuits, triplers, etc.
Guide to Loudspeakers
a cordless digital wall clock, and a The 408 -page Guide (SPG -202Z) is
speedometer /trip log for boats. An edu- $2.25 from RCA distributors or RCA Dahlquist Inc. has published an 8 -page
cational section includes self -study Distributor and Special Products, Box brochure called "Hearing and Believ-
courses in computer programming, mi- 597, Woodbury, NJ 08096. ing," which describes, in nontechnical
croprocessors, optoelectronics, and hob- language, the theory and proper use of
by electronics. Address: Heath Co., US GPO Catalog loudspeakers. It discusses such topics as
Dept. 350-800, Benton Harbor, MI "Spectral Balance," "Imaging," "Dy-
49022. The US Government Printing Office namic Range," "Driver Blending," and
has assembled a brochure describing 23 "Practical Hints." Address: Dahlquist
PC Drafting Manual and Catalog
titles of publications on the subjects of Inc., 601 Old Willets Path, Hauppauge,
radio and electronics. Ranging in price NY 11787.
Catalog No. 107 from Bishop Graphics from $1.90 to $7.70, the publications
describes, in 200 pages, the company's cover subjects as diverse as "Basic Elec-
line of pressure-sensitive aids for tronics" to "Repair of FM Transmitters Variable Resistive Devices
printed- circuit design and other drafting and Receivers" and "Cathode-Ray "A Guide to Understanding and Speci-
products. Among methods illustrated Tubes and Their Associated Circuits." fying Variable Resistive Devices" gives,
are the use of overlay drafting to achieve The catalog, "Radio and Electronics," in 22 pages, performance parameter
the accuracy of computer-aided tech- can be obtained free from the Superin- charts of trimmers and control and pre-

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BELSAW INSTITUTE
1119 Field Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. 64111
CITY. ALL ELECTROAICS CORP.
STATE: ZIP: 905 S. Vermont Ave. TERMS
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cision potentiometers to help the user Assembly Tool Catalog enforcement and penalties, EMI emis-
choose the best device for his applica- The Contact East 1981 Catalog offers a sion levels, etc. Address: Sierracn/Pow-
tion. A series of schematic diagrams guide to over 10,000 products in the er Systems, 20500 Plummer St., Chats-
shows how each component is applied in areas of hand tools, soldering and desol- worth, CA 91311.
particular circuits. Address: Variable dering equipment, multirneters, oscillo-
Resistive Components Institute, 3451 scopes, anti -static material, test probes,
Church St., Evanston, IL 60203. and field service tools. Address: Contact
East, Inc., Box 160, 7 Cypress Dr., Bur- Planer Molder Saw
CB Antenna Catalog
lington, MA 01803. rower TOOLS
(Feed
Featured in a new catalog of CB and
scanner antennas from Avanti are two
Car Stereo installation
in
A 46 -page booklet entitled "How to In-
glass- mounted, I/2-wave units designed stall a Car Stereo," from Pioneer Elec-
for easy mounting on the window or any tronics, includes sections on wiring,
other smooth surface. Other models in- noise problems, speaker mounting, an-
clude the Moonraker and various base tennas, and power sources. Helpful
station antennas, plus rotators. Address: drawings give installation and dimen-
Avanti Communications, 340 Stewart sional details. Available at Pioneer deal-
Ave., Addison, IL 60101. ers and from: Pioneer Electronics of
America, 1925 E. Dominguez St., Long
Beach, CA 90810 with a SASE.
Mount-Anywhere Sound Cabinets
A 4-page brochure describes two models Electronic Instrument Rental
of the Advantage sound cabinets, fea-
turing Jensen Triax speakers and Ad-
A new 64 -page catalog lists over 1,500
electronic test instruments available for
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Now you cam use this ONE power -feed shop to turn
vantage Bass Resonator PortHoles. The monthly rental. Included are oscillo- rough lumber into moldings, trim, flooring, furniture
cabinets are designed to be mounted in scopes, recorders, logic analyzers, mi- -ALL popular patterns. RIP-PLANE -MOLD . sepa-
..

any type of vehicle or at home and can croprocessor test systems, power meters, rately or all at once with a single motor. Low Cost
also be removed for use out-of- doors. X -Y plotters, etc. Also computer periph-
... You can own this power tool for only ;50 down.
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eight inventory centers. Address: Conti- RUSH COUPON BELSAA 53PO eERR TOOLS CO.
nental Resources, Inc., 175 Middlesex
Video Production Catalog
Turnpike, Bedford, MA 01730. TODAY! Kansas City, Mo. 64111
A 20 -page publication "Video Update"
provides information about video pro- BELSAW
BELSAW POWER TOOLS
FCC Regulations on EMI 9353 Field Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. 64111
duction, editing, and use of several new
devices in the video field. For example, "The FCC and You" is the title of a send me complete facts about
booklet published by Sierracin /Power YES Please
PLANER- MOLDER -SAW and
the Special Effects Keyer adds color ti- details about 30 -day trial offer.
tles and graphics to color videotapes Systems to describe the new FCC regu-
during editing. Two devices enable video lations governing EMI emissions as they Name
producers to use an Apple computer as apply to computer devices. Directed pri-
Address
color graphics generator. Request on let- marily toward the computer manufac-
terhead, including $1.50 for postage and turer, the rules are of interest to users in City
handling from: Adwar Video, 100 Fifth that they include topics such as devices State Zig J
Ave., New York, NY 10036. affected, what the restrictions are, rule
CIRCLE NO. 14 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

on
depends
Spnic accuracyA -T, we pfecison-
At
your stwlus. sau are
styi1 with
sape our best accuracy
micron
shanks to A
micron = 0.0000393'
one hole is drlled
mounting
perfect cantilever
in the beryllium beam

Gnats by laser. Another

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each
al
er
tar more
alignment microscope
hany
tor

accurately you uncommonly

EYW II tr Allbassure and dram

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diterence

audp.technica
CIRCLE NO. 10 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
SEPTEMBER 1981 lot
 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
TI -99/4A 41=11110111 ISO -3
HOME COMPUTER
DON'T
BLAME
THE
SOFTWARE!
Pat. #4,259,705
Power Line Spikes and Hash often cause
memory loss or erratic operation. Often
Whether you're already quite knowledgeable
floppies, printer & processor interact!
about computers or want to learn how to get OUR patented ISOLATORS eliminate
If you need information on outdated or rare
started, the TI -99/4 is for you. By simply snap- equipment interaction AND curb damag-
equipment -a schematic, parts list, etc -another reader
ping in one of the many
Solid State Software might be able to assist Simply send a postcard to Opera - ing Power Line Spikes, Surges and Hash.
Command Modules either you or just about bon Assist. POPULAR ELECTRONICS. 1 Park Ave.. New York.
anybody in your family can use the TI -99/4 NY 10016 For those who can help readers. please re- Filtered 3 -prong sockets and integral
because step -by -step instructions are displayed spond directly to them They'll appreciate it. (Only those Spike Suppression. 125 VAC, 15 Amp,
right on the screen. items regarding equipment not available from normal 1875 W Total - 1 KW per socket.
sources are published 1

The TI -99/4 gives you an unmatched combina- ISO -1 ISOLATOR. 3 Filtered Sockets;
tion of features, including: 1000 Amp 8/20 usec Spike Sup-
Powerful TI -BASIC Jackson model 112 capacitor tester. Need operating manu-
al, schematic and parts list. Tom Hirsch 846 N. Oliver, Wichi- pressor $62.95
Up to 72K total memory capacity ta, KS 67208.
NEW typewriter keyboard ISO -4 ISOLATOR. 6 Filtered Sockets;
13" color monitor is optional Ampeg model 13-25 amplifier. Need schematic diagram and 1000 Amp 8/20 usec Spike Sup-
Revolutionary TI Solid State Speech Syn- any other available information. William McGuire, 162 Brook- pressor $106.95
haven Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45215.
thesizer is optional 150 -3 SUPER -ISOLATOR. 3 DUAL fil-
Retail price $550. Your special BACH Com- Knight model 290 FM stereo tuner. Need schematic and tered Sockets; 2000 Amp 8/20 usec
pany price ;499. Order by September 31, service data R.L. Willard, 111 -10th St., New Orleans, LA
1981 and get 150.00 worth of TI Software 70124.
Spike Suppressor $94.95
absolutely FREE! 150-7 SUPER -ISOLATOR. 5 DUAL fil-
General Electric model FE53JC radio. Need manual and
ORDER TOLL FREE 800- 227 -8292 schematic. James Zacher, 121 Hilton Pl., Elgin, IL 60120.
tered Sockets; 2000 Amp 8/20 usec
California residents call 415- 494 -1995. Use Spike Suppressor $154.95
VISA, MasterCharge, check or money order. HaIllcraRers SX -122 receiver. Need operations manual, Master Charge, Visa. American Express
Indicate card number and expiration date. schematic and any other available information. Ronald S. TOLL FREE ORDER DESK 1.800.225.4876
Order product no. 54. Add $4 50 for shipping.
o
Rubin, 1722 Canterbury Circle, Casselberry, FL 32707. (except AK, HI, MA, PR 8 Canada)
A
The BACH Company Clarlcon model 30600 "Privateer" CB. Need schematic and
service manual. Joe Chew, Box 2489, Campus Station, Electronic Specialists, Inc.
P.O. Box 51178 Socorro, NM 87801. 171 South Main Street. Natick, MA 01760
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Technical & Non -800. 1-617-655.1532
Allied star roamer. Need assembly instructions. Tom Prid-
CIRCLE NO. 11 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD more, Box 2095, Melbourne, FL 32901.
CIRCLE NO. 25 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Admiral model 394.118, serial #A308695 radio. Need sche-
SEE YOUR DEALER TODAY matic and dial lace. Robert E. Hopkins, 123 W. Marseille Dr., Put Professional Knowledge and a
St. Louis, MO 63129.
DEMAND THE ORIGINAL
Precision Apparatus Co., Inc., model E200C signal genera- COLLEGE DEGREE
tor. Need schematic, parts list, and manual. Bill Pechter, 134
Juniper Dr., Freehold, NJ 07728.
in your Electronics Career through
`Firestik"
The #1 Helically Wire -Wound and
Most Copied Antenna In the World!
,
Halncrafter S-85 receiver. Need operating manual and sche-
matic. S.M. VanZant, 166 S. Madera Ave., #63, Kerman, CA
93630.
HOME Fn
,,,
27MHz AM /FM /SSB CB

Klntel model 202BR dc microvoltmeter, serial #2278. Need
schematic or manual. Dan Amen, Route 1, Pawnee, OK
STUDY I l

__:
2 METER MARINE TELEPHONE t
74058.
LAND MOBILE TELEPHONE L
%i-
OSI Instruments model #5500 frequency counter. Need
FIBERGLASS ANTENNAS schematic. R. Craig Bracken, Rt. Box 64A. Davenport, WA tVE.f,
AND ACCESSORIES. 99122. v .
f NEW
CORDLESS
Welco Electronics Co., model WA75 transmitter. Need
schematic and operating manual. Curtis E. Frazier, 92 West
Main St.. Rockville, CN 06066.

Sears & Roebuck model 280-626-730 CB /FM radio. Need

schematic diagram. Frederick J. Darling, Jr., Box 549. Ayer,
Earn Your
DEGREE
L_- =

No commuting to class. Study at your

G

TELEPHONE MA 01432. own pace, while continuing your present

Phllco BC221 -E frequency meter. Need high band coil, part job. Learn from easy-to- understand les-
ANTENNA #22. William J. O'Meara, 807 E. Seminary Ave., Towson, MD
sons, with help from your home -study
INCREASES DISTANCE 21204.
5TO20TIMES )
instructors whenever you need it.
Hallicrafters modelS -40A receiver. Need operation manual,
schematic, and service manual. C.M. Nelson, 4712 School, In the Grantham electronics program,
Yorba Linda, CA 92886. you first earn your A.S.E.T. degree, and
i Dealer & Distributor Inquiries Invited i
SEND FOR FREE CATALOG Precision model 10-54 Test Master. Need schematic, opera- then your B.S.E.T. These degrees are ac-
II II tion manual and parta list. B. Robinson, 75 -E Nelson Pt. Road,
Indian Head, MD 20640.
credited by the Accrediting Commission
'FirestIk' Antenna Company
2614 East Adams,Phoenix, AZ 85034 of the National Home Study Council.
Tektronix model 5110 oscilloscope. Need manual. James A.
Name McCoy, 2734 E. 8th St., Casper, WY 82601. Our free bulletin gives full details of
Street the home -study program, the degrees
Realistic 0X150 Allied Star Roamer. Need schematic dia-
City gram, alignment instructions, and assembly instructions. Tom awarded, and the requirements for each
Pridmore, Box 2095, Melbourne, FL 32901.
State Z p degree. Write for Bulletin ET-81.
Serving the CB and
Communications Market Since 1962. Electronics International model 8007 receiver. Need sche-
matic, Andy Anderson, 2250 Cable Ave., Beaumount, TX
Grantham College of Engineering
77703. 2500 So. LaCienega Blvd.
CIRCLE NO. 30 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Los Angeles, California 90034
operation assist
Precision model 954 -G tube tester, serial it 13610. Need Phone Mate 9000 answering machine. Need IC chip place- M. Maynard, 6109 E. Gold Dust Ave., Scotts, AZ 85253.
current roll chart. Kan Hund, Box 81, Beaverton, MI 48812. ment and schematic diagram. J. Ward, Box 5885, Virginia
Beach, VA 23455. Tektronix model 555 oscilloscope. Need calibration instruc-
Hickok 110A VTVM. Need manual. Bill Springer, 923 Nelda, tions and schematic for power supply. Roy Kunst, 80 Willow
Houston, TX 77088. Halllcraftors SX 130 receiver. Need schematic and mainte- Ave.. Hackensack, NJ 07601.
nance manual. Mike Kaufman, K6VCI, 107 Suffield Ave., San
Tektronix model 533 and RM43 scopes. Need manuale and Anselmo, CA 94960.
schematics. A.G. Lowrance, 318 Polk St., Waterloo, IA
Boston model CTR800 tape recorder radio. Need tape head
Robosonics Industries model 100 record -a-phone. Need H7310 and schematic. W.A. Williams, 8020 Lloyd, St. Louis,
50703.
service data and schematic. Stan Kern, 3 Cinnamon Circle, MO 63110.
National Semiconductor chip MM58106 digital clock and Apt. 3C, Randallstown, MD 21133.
TV display. Need circuit diagram and information on proper Allied Electronics Knight space scanner. Need schematic
hookup to TV. J. A. Caggianelli, Ashdown Rd., Ballston Lake, Sterling model 70 -0175 receiver and Bogen series BT -97 and operating manual. Douglas Cummings, 1360 N. Celia
NY 12019. intercom system. Schematic and operation manuals needed. Way, Layton, UT 84041.

LIVE VIA SATELLITE TV NOW !

Typagraph Corp., model DPM -30 printer. Need service man-
ual. I. Carah, Box 11583, Zephyr Cove, NV 89448.

UNDER $500 DISH ANTENNA

Tektronix type 512 oscilloscope. Need operating manual
and schematic. Al Shor, Box 493, Cardiff, CA 92007.

Monitor Radio model MR -33, serial #7233 receiver. Need FOR ROOF, PORCH,BACKYARD
schematic, parts list or any available data. Henry Hacker,
27 Clarendon Ave., Pikesville, MD 21208.
J.
90 CHANNEL RECEPTION
Galvin BC-611 transceivers. Need any data available. M. JUST PUBLISHED:
Dunn, 45 Livingston Rd., #501, West Hill, Ontario, Canada 81/2" by 11" informative book gives a wealth of updated
M1E 1K8.
information on AntennasReceiversLow Noise Amplifiers
Ogawa model RS-1 receiver and Harmony model 530 bass Sources Services. Equipment. Manufacturers Much More
amplifier. Need schematics. George Nishimoto, 504 Hoopuni Our book takes the mystery out of the
St., Hilo, HI 96720.
sophisticated technology of satellite transmission fr'd tadei ORDER NOW
Concord Electronics Corp., model R-1100 tape deck. Need and reception. This volume represents all the
service information and power transformer. Mike Smith, Box
(-LIVE VIA SATELLITE, INC.
essential knowledge made easy to understand for
15337, Sarasota, FL 33579. P.O. Box 2561 Dept. E9
properly installing a new satellite system.
let us show you how easy it is to put together
Delray Beach, FL 33444
Olson TE -188 r -f signal generator. Need schematic. Hugh
SEND S9.95 TODAY.
Siuda, 512 W. Rand Dr., McHenry, IL 80050. and hook up a satellite receiving station so that For first class air mail 8 handling in U S 8 Canada add S2 50
you can enjoy: uncut first -run movies, foreign u S funds Foreign customers send SO 50 U S. Funds. Or call
Allied Radio Corp., Knight model 2- JZ018. Need operating
manual and schematic. Mike Dale, 1198 Lock 4 Rd., Gallat- films, Las Vegas entertainment, live sports, and our 24 -hour C O D Order Line 130S1 845 -4447 NOW

en, TN 37066. much more than anything available from cable TV. Name
Everything being telecast anywhere in the world
Telegulpment type S51A serviscope. Need schematic and
operation manual. Jack Allen, Woodside Lane, Riverton, NJ
could be yours at a twist of the knob. Address Zip

08077.
CIRCLE NO. 69 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Ford Industries, Inc., model 1400 phone answering device.
Need schematic. Van S. Vangor, Box 348C, Island Falls,
SIMPLE SIMON
AMAZING
Maine 04747.

Dumont type 279 oscillograph. Need schematic and manual. 7 +11 PART KITS
Everett Thompson, R.F.D. #61, La Grange, ME 04453.

Hammurland HZ100 receiver. Need schematic and align-

ment data. R. McKinnon, Box 1241, San Juan, TX 78589.
DEVICES
tl((( PHASERS )))11
MITSUMI
UHF TUNER
Allied model 2515 receiver. Need manual and schematic. Ed PPE -1 PHASER PAIN FIELD - This device recently devel-
oped and patented in our labs is being evaluated by law enforce-
$34.95
Freq. Range UHF 470 ,889 mHz
Bolin, 7650 Ovaldale St., Charleston, SC 29405.
ment agencies for not and crowd control It is now available but Channels 14 -83 Output Chan 3
soon will come under the tunsdiction of weapons and internal V-1-SW Varaclo, UHF Tuner Model UES-A55F 534.95
Hallicratters model SX -99 receiver. Need operation manual,
1

machine control making it unavailable to the public. The device 2 CBI SW Panted Circuit Board Pre -Grilled S18.95
schematic and service manual. Rosa W. Smith, 1816 Abelia is hand-held and looks like a BUCK ROGERS ray gun It is hazar- 3 TP7-SW P C 9 Potentiometers r-20K. 1-1K o

dous it not used with discretion. 5 -roe OHMS 7-pieces 55.95

Rd., Falleton, MD 21047. 4 FR35 -SW Resistor Kil 'a W 5.
Carbon Film 32-pieces 54.95
PPF -1 PLANS $15.00
Stromberg- Carlson model AWP8 multi -band receiver. Need IPG-1 INVISIBLE PAIN FIELD GENERATOR - This
amazing. simple hand -held device is about the size of a pack of
5 PT1

6
-SW

P.2-SW
Power Transformer PRI'117VAC SEC-24VAC.
250MA
Panel Mount Polenuomers 8 Knobs 1 -1 KBT a
5895

owner's manual and operating instructions. Steven A. Davis, cigarettes and generates a directional field of moderate to inten- 1-SKAT W 55.95
Rt. #4, Box 295A, Angola, IN 46703. SS14 -SW IC s -7 ea Diodes 4 ea Regulators 2 ea
sive pain in the lower part of the head up to a range Ot 50' De- Heat Sink ea 1 $29.95
vice is simple and economical to make 8 CE9-SW Electrolytic Capacitor Kit 9 ea 55.95
IPO.1 PLANS $7.00 IPO.1K ALL PARTS $39.50

-l>tr
RCA Radiola model 44 antique radio. Need tube #45. T. 9 CC33 -51iN Ceramic Disk Capacitor Kit 50 W V 33 ea 57.95
IPG -10 ASSEMBLED& TESTED FOR ANIMAL CONTROL 549.50 10 CT -SW Variable Ceramic Trimmer Capacitors 5 -65PFD
Wright, 4933 Yakima, Pocatello, ID 83204. 6 ea S5.95
LASERS 11 L4-SW Coil Kit 2 ea 18 NHS. ea 22 NHS
1

Radio City Products Co., Inc., model 684 meter. Need sche-
matic and operating manual. J. Welden Dupre, W5SNK #7
RUBY LASER RAY PISTOL -
Produces highly intense red
beam. capable of burning A hazardous device PLANS. PARTS. 12 ICS -SW I
Inductances- prewound and ea T37'2 Ferree
Tond Core euh 311 of #26 Wire
C Sockets Tin Inlay 5 ea E Pin
1

55.00

2 ea 14 Pin S1.95
HMS Court, Houma, LA 70380. SOURCES $15.00 Speaker Oval 4a6 8 With Prepuncned
13 SR-SW
HIGH POWERED CARBON DIOXIDE BURNING AND CUTTING Wood Enclosure 514.95
MISC-SW Misc Parts Kit Includes Hardware 6 32 a B 32
Dynaklt model 70 stereo. Need owner's manual. W.M. Complete plans and all parts sources $15.00
14
Nuls a Bolts H U Wee Ant Terms DPOT
Brenneman, 1000 W. Aaron Dr.. #I -1, State College, PA SOLID STATE IR 12 WATTS with Owl! in power supply ANT SW Fuse'Fusenoider etc 59.95
16801. plans $$.00 Complete xi' with collimator $74.00 'When Ordering All Items 1 Tnru 14 Total Price $139.95
POCKET LASER pulsed. visible red plans $7.00 ANTENNA a ACCESSORIES
VIVA-I-STV Yagi Antenna 13 5 DB 75 OHM CHN 42 Tnru 54 $5.95
Halllcrafters model S -94 civic patrol receiver. Need sche- Complete kit 839.50 Also complete plans and parts
STVA-2.STV Yagi Antenna 13 5 OB 75 OHM CHN 20 Thru 28 59.95
matic and service manual. Allen T. Purdy, 17 Dunwoodie St., sources for RUBY, YAG, NEODYNIUM, HeNe ARGON, DYE.
Cx. 75 Coaxial 75 OHMS Low Loss
NITROGEN and many more lasers. 5.12 PfT.
Yonkers, NY 10704. Connectors
F -59 5.39
SECURITY MT-1 Spec al UHF 75300 OHM
OHM Matcnin
Ha(*crafters SX -100 receiver. Need service data, schematic
and alignment procedures. Charles F. Gould, 333 South Fifth
SNOOPER PHONE -
Dal nome or office phone
while on vacation activating sensitive mike without phone
Transformer ea 51.15
A -i indoor VHF -UHF Antenna Ampolier with Power
Supply 300 OHM IN a Out ABT 13011 gain 519.96
Street, Darby, PA 19020. ringing. Excellent property protection and intrusion device
SMP2 PLANS
.

Min Order. Amount is $19.95, Add 10% Shipping and

Itron model 680 frequency counter. Need schematic. W.W. SNP2K ALL PARTS $49,50 Handling. Over $40.00 Add 5%.
Bell, 1813 Nortonia Rd., Richmond, VA 23229.
SNY10 ASSEMBLED AND TESTED $99.50
LONG RANGE XMTR PLANS $7.00 MAIL ORDERS ONLY
DS! Instruments Inc., model 5812 frequency counter. Need SEE-IN THE DARK PLANS $10.00 SIMPLE SIMON ELECTRONIC KITS
schematic, or any information on AM58 Audio Multiplier DIRECTIONAL SHOTGUN MIKE PLANS $8.00
option for this counter. Gerard Johnson, P.O. Drawer 191, SUPER SENSITIVE PARABOLIC MIKE PLANS
Ca. orders mail to:
$8.00
Morgan City, LA 70380. 3871 S. Valley View, Suite 12
SOUND 6 TELEPHONE OPERATED TAPE RECORDER $7.00
Las Vegas, Nevada 89103
CATALOG ON PLANS KITS 8 FINISHED UNITS $1.00
Video Brain model 101A. Need manual, schematic or any Other orders mail to:
Send check or money Order to
information available. Gary Wojcik, 391614 N. Kedvale, Chi- 11850 S. Hawthorne Blvd., Hawthorne.
cago, IL 60641. SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, Dept. 01. Box 715
California 90250, Tel: (213) 675 -3347
SEPTEMBER 1981
AMHERST. N.N. 03031
VISA -
MASTERCHARGE ACCEPTABLE
CIRCLE NO. 61 ON FREE INFORMATION CARO CIRCLE NO. 70 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
pK:Jc
THCMO1TH By Forrest M. Mims

Precision CMOS Clock Generator

SEQUENTIAL digital logic cir- Our...

cuits require one or more clock
pulse generators. Microprocessors of- our
ten include built -in clock generators.
Other sequential circuits may use O 0 0
our

clocks made from 555 timers, a pair of V- N/C
8
cross -coupled inverters, or a trio of in-
verters connected as a ring oscillator. Icnt7,o9
Fig. 1. A clock
Intersil makes a general -purpose our
OSC osC
/., oisqB[E Vf +5v
pulse generator
timer chip which, for a CMOS device,
using the ICM7209
has extraordinary specifications. The chip with just
chip is the ICM7209, available from XTAL three external
some electronics mail order suppliers /=ENHBLE
components.
for about $4.00. z= o/saBLE
The ICM7209 is guaranteed to os-
cillate at frequencies up to 10 MHz, C/ Cz C3
and it can directly drive as many as /8pF /8pF .O//aF
five TTL gates. With a 5 -volt power
supply, the chip typically consumes 11
milliamperes and will operate with a
minimum of three external compo- connected to pin 2, each of the divide - nanoseconds and a falltime faster
nents -two capacitors and a quartz by -eight pulses appearing at pin 6 are than 7.5 nanoseconds. The pulse
crystal (Fig.1). further divided into four separate width is 50 nanoseconds FWHM (full
The power dissipation of the pulses. This provides a burst output width, half maximum). Figure 2 was
ICM7209 is directly related to its os- mode not mentioned in the ICM taken directly from the screen of a
cillation frequency. Since the oscilla- 7209's data sheet. 100 -MHz oscilloscope. I assembled
tor portion of the chip consumes much Figure 2 illustrates this chip's oper- the oscillator on a standard plastic,
less power than its output buffers, ation at its maximum guaranteed fre- solderless breadboard with short,
power dissipation can be dramatically quency of 10 MHz. Intersil claims point -to -point connection wires.
reduced when the chip is disabled by typical rise and fall times of 10 nano- The ICM7209 provides an excel-
making pin 3 low. The oscillator por- seconds (25 nanoseconds maximum) lent solution to the need for a preci-
tion will continue to operate, but the as measured from the 0.5- to-2.4 -volt sion clock generator. Though the cir-
output buffers will be disabled, thus output points. These represent TTL cuit shown in Fig. isn't tunable, the
1

reducing their current drain. logic levels. oscillation frequency can be quickly
The crystal can be any quartz crys- As you see in Fig. 2, the circuit in altered by changing the quartz crystal
tal having a frequency of oscillation Fig. 1 has a risetime better than 8 used.
from 10 kHz to 10 MHz, and the cir-
cuit can be powered by a supply of 3
to 6 volts. For best results, the crystal
should have a load capacitance of 10

.MEIM
pF rather than the usual 30 pF. When
CI and C2 are 18 pF, this provides a 511111111PME11
typical frequency stability of one part
per million (ppm) per one volt change Fig. 2. Output
in supply voltage. 1111111,/1111111111111111 waveform from
Note that the ICM7209 includes an ICM7209 with
two output pins. The divide -by -eight
output (pin 6) can be used to obtain
many combinations.
While Fig. shows the disable in-
1
,I11111..
1111111111111111111111111

P2111111.,
a 10 -MHz crystal.

put (pin 3) connected to a switch, dis- A

able /enable controls can be easily
provided by external logic. Pin 3 can
also be connected to either the oscilla- VOLTS /D /V:
tor IN or OUT pins for some interesting R. / T/ME/O /V: /0 hs
results. For example, when pin 3 is 8

104 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

 MAY - SEPT. 1981

DIODES/ZENERS MICROS, RAMS -TTL - QTY

QTY CPUs, EPROMS QTY QTY QTY
1N914 100v 10mA .05 I 7400 25 7493 .60 74H10 .35 74LS74 .65
1N4005 600v 1A .08 1771 Disc Controller (
7401 .35 7494 .75 74H11 .45 74LS75 .95
1N4007 1000v 1A .15 $22.50 7402 35 7495 .60 74H15 .45 74LS76 .75
8T13 1.50 74H20 74L86 .75
1N4148 75v loma .05 7403 .30 7496 .55 .45
5.1v W Zener .25 8T23 2.50 7404 .35 74100 1.75 74H21 .35 74L590 .95
1N4733 1

8T24 2.50 7405 .35 74107 .55 74H22 .40 74LS93 .70
1N4749 24v .25
8797 1.50 3.00 74H30 40 74LS107 .90
1N753A 6.2v 500 mW Zener .25 7406 .35 74111
10v .25
745188 4.50 7407 .65 74121 .55 74H40 .45 74LS109 1.00
1N758A
1488 1.75 74122 .70 74H50 .40 74LS123 1.20
1N759A 12v .25 7408 .50
.25 1489 1.75 74123 .70 74H51 .40 74LS138 1.00
1N5243 13v 7409 .35
1702A 8.50 7410 .35 74125 74H52 .40 74LS151 1.00
1N5244B 14v .25 .75
.25 AM9050/TMS4050 5.00 7411 .35 74126 .75 74H53 .45 74LS153 1.15
1N52456 15v
12v 3W Zener .25 ICM7207 6.95 7412 .35 74132 .75 74H55 .45 74LS154 2.50
1N5349
ICM7208 13.95 7413 .45 74141 .90 74H72 .45 74LS157 1.15
SOCKETS/BRIDGES MM5314 6.50
7414 .65 74145 1.35 74H74 1.50 74LS160 1.00
QTY MM5311 6.50 7416 .35 74150 1.15 74H101 95 74LS181 1.50
8-pin pcb .20 ww .40 MM5316 6.50 74H103 .55 74LS164 .90
7417 .40 74151 .95
14-pin pcb .25 ww .60 MM5387 4.50 74L00 60 74LS193 1.00
7420 .45 74153 .95
16-pin pcb .30 ww .70 MM5369 3.95 74154 1.40 74L02 .60 74LS195 2.00
7426 .35
18-pin pcb .35 ww .95 TR1602B 5.95 74L03 74LS196 2.50
7427 .40 74156 .70 35
20-pin pcb .45 ww 1.05 UPD414/TMS4027 50 1.50 74L04 74LS244 1.50
7430 .40 74157
22-pin pcb .50 ww 1.15 Z80A 1.50 74L1 74LS245 1.50
7432 .65 74158
ww 1.25

c,'
24-pin pcb .55 Z80 7437 .45 74161 1.50 7 74LS253 .95
28-pin pcb .60 ww 1.45 55 74LS298 1.50
7438 .50 74163 1.
40-pin pcb .70 ww 1.75
74164 1.95 74LS367 1.50
7440 .40 1.
Molex pins .01 To-3 Sockets L51 .65 74LS368 .95
7441 .65 741
2 Amp Bridge 200-pry 1 2114 4.00 0 .85 74LS373 .95
7442 .65 74 741_55
25 Amp Bridge 200-pry 2.240 2513 (5V) Up/Lo 9.50
7443 7 7417 .75 74L72 .65 74500 .50
2708 4.95 7444 4176 1.15 74L73 .70 74502 .60
TRANSISTORS, LEDS, etc. 271671 6.95

)P
7 5 4177 1.10 74L74 1.95 74503 .45
OTY 9.50
2716(5V) 7 74180 1.10 74L75 1.05 74SO4 .60
2N2222M (Metal) .25 (2N2222 Plastic .20)
TMS2532/2732 22.00 .50 74181 2.25 741_85 3.00 74505 .65
2N2922A NPN .35
3242 12.50 1.50 74182 .75 741_93 2.95 74508 .80
2N2907A PNP .35
4116 4.. 74190 1.25 74L123 2.95 74S10 .65
2N3906 PNP (Plastic) .25 .35
6800 9.
7451 .50 74191 1.25 74L500 .30 74S11 .60
2N3904 NPN (Plastic) .25

`
6802 11. r
7453 .25 74192 1.50 74L501 .30 74S20 .60
2N3054 NPN 4A 90v .60
. 5.95 7454 .35 74193 1.50 74LS02 30 74S22 .75
2N3055 NPN 15A 60v .75
. 7.50 7460 .40 74194 as 74LS03 .30 74540 .70
PNP Darlington .95
TIP125 i+ 3.95 7470 .35 74195 .95 74LSO4 40 74S50 .70
LED Green Red Clear Yellow .19
9.50
DL747 7 seg 518" High com -anode 1.95 MP 77.
12 2.90
7472 .40 74196 1.75 74LS05 30 74S51 .75

DL728B doub 7 seg 5" comcath - 2.50 7473 .40 74197 .95 74LS08 .40 74564 .35
4.95
MA6740 doub 7 seg 5" com . - 7 JE- 1 8214
2.50
7474 .45 74198 1.50 74LS09 .60 74S74 .75
8216 1.50 74LS10 .40 74586 .75
MAN72 7 seg com -an (' = 1. . 7475 .45 74221
8224 4.25 74298 1.50 74LS11 .40 74S112 .90
MAN3630 7 seg com -a - 1.00 7476 .45
8228 5.95 7480 .60 74367 1.15 74LS20 .40 74S114 .85
MAN82A 7 seg com -an. : e - 1.50
8251 7.50 .95 75107A .95 74LS21 .50 74S133 .85
MAN74 7 seg comcath',,.' -ed) 1.50 7481
8253 9.50 7482 .95 75451 .85 74LS22 .45 74S140 :95
8255 7.50 74LS27 .40 745151 .95
9000 SERIES 7483 .75 75452 .85
QTY QTY TMS4044 5.95 7485 .75 75491 1.50 74LS32 60 74S153 1.50
9301 1.95 9322 65 ADC0800 22.95 1.50 74LS37 60 745157 1.50
7486 .55 75492
9309 1.25 9601 40 74LS38 .65 74S158 1.50
7489 1.95 74H00 .40
9316 .90 9602 .90 74L540 .70 74S194 1.75
7490 .75 74H01 .40
7491 .60 74H04 .90 74LS42 .75 74S196 2.00
C MOS 74LS47 95 74S257(8123) 1.95
7492 .50 74H05 .55
QTY QTY QTY QTY
4041 1.15 4081 74H08 .90 74LS51 .95 74S287 3.95
4000 .40 4019 1.15 .55
8131 2.75
4001 .35 4020 1.25 4042 .95 4082 .60
4002 .35 4021 .60 4043 .90 4093 .90
4006 .95 4022 1.25 4044 1.20 4098 2.25 12L, LINEARS, REGULATORS, etc.
4007 .30 4023 .45 4046 1.50 4507 1.15 QTY QTY QTY
4024 .95 4047 1.50 4511 .90 XR2206 3.95 LM320K15 1.65 LM340K24 1.50
4008 .55
4009 .75 4025 .45 4048 2.50 4512 1.25 MCT2(E) 1.25 LM320K24 1.65 LM373 3.95
4026 2.95 4049 .65 4515 2.50 8038 4.50 LM320T5(7905) 1.65 LM377 1.95
4010 .75
.45 4027 .85 4050 .65 4518 1.50 LM201 2.00 LM320T12 1.65 78L05 .75
4011
4028 4052 .75 4519 .85 LM301 .95 LM320T15 1.65 781.12 .75
4012 .25 .95
4029 1.00 4053 1.50 4522 1.50 LM308 1.25 LM323K 4.95 781_15 .75
4013 .65
4030 4060 2.25 4526 1.50 LM309H 1.50 LM324 .85 78M05 1.95
4014 .95 .95
4033 2.50 4066 1.25 4528 1.50 LM309(340K-5) 1.50 LM337T 2.25 LM380(8 -14 Pin) 386N 1.19
4015 .95
4529 .95 LM310 .85 LM339 95 LM709(8.14 Pin) .75
4016 .55 4034 3.75 4069(74C04 .45
12.50 LM311 (8.14 Pin) 1.50 7805(34075) 1.50 LM711 .75
4017 .95 4035 1.75 4070 .60 MC14409
.40 MC14419 4.85 LM317T 2.25 LM340T12 1.50 LM723 .75
4018 .75 4040 1.10 4071
4072 .50 74C151 2.50 LM318N 1.60 LM340T15 1.50 LM725 2.95
LM320H6 .89 LM340T18 1.50 LM739 1.95
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS UNLIMITED, INC. LM320H15 .89 LM340T24 1.50 LM741(8-14) .55
LM320H24 .89 LM340K12 1.50 LM747 1.25
7889 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., San Diego, California 92111
LM320K5 1.65 LM340K15 1.50 LM1307 1.75
Out of State 1.800 -854-2211 Telex: 697.827 LM1458
(714) 278-4394 LM320K12 1.65 LM340K18 1.50 .65
California 1.800- 542 -6239 TWX 910. 335.1577 as
LM3900
LM3909 1.50
Name NE555 .50
NE556 1.00
Street Address NE65 1.50
NE566 1.75
City State Zip NE567 1.50
AE VISA TA7205 2.95
Phone Charge card # BA MC Exp. Date 76477 2.95
95H90 9.95
C.O.D. Will Call UPS Post Net 30 Days P.O. #
TL081CP .75
Add $2.00 Shipping on all U.S. Orders - $5.00 Minimum C.O.D. Orders Accepted - Most Orders Shipped Same Day
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 Applekation
PP II Printer Card
The PP II parallel printer card for the
Apple II computer is designed to allow
SAVE!
MONEY TIME FREIGHT
This
publication
effective use of your printer which has
QUALITY STEREO EQUIPMENT is indexed in
special functions such as bold and
AT LOWEST PRICES.
enlarged face print available through
(TI-E.MAGIZINEJNDEX%
the use of escape sequence com- YOUR REQUEST FOR QUOTA-
TION RETURNED SAME DAY.
mands. Since the Apple II does not
send escape characters the software
on this board does it for you with
FACTORY SEALED CARTONS
GUARANTEED AND INSURED.
- in COM
microform
control characters from the keyboard.
SAVE ON NAME BRANDS LIKE:
One of the main designs of the PP II
card is that it contains space enough I PIONEER JVC
... also available
for independent printer driver pro-
8
KENWOOD TEAC
grams so new printers are not a
MARANTZ SANSUI
online via
problem. The PP II is software compat-
ible with both Apple Basics as well as TECHNICS SONY Lockheed's
*CP/M or `Pascal,
AND MORE THAN 50 OTHERS Dialog Service
*CP /M or Pascal disks providing the
BUY THE MODERN WAY
appropriate bios patches are available
BY MAIL -FROM
on special request.
PP II printer card (with cable) MX -80
For information
or 737
$199.95
write to

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DIGI-KEY
CORPORATION 800-346-5144 M rappind Supplie,CMOSRectifier.POWeeterfSMIlk Rook.Diarnond T arl.Panasrre
aperitororReI.Time Clock Calendar E I Johanna Terminal St ripsT.I. Connect Templale,Diode,SailcheDrafting Aid,Soldering SuonliesEdne I ons- II Socket
AMP ProdurlsJiallerier..7.NR.Hook...ienier DiodenRre. adboardingWireflu,er...5
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4-Digit 16 Segment
Alphanumeric Intelligent
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Bargraph Displays
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Part No.
7045101
Function
CMOS Precision Timer
Pries
14.95
SN7401N .20 SN7473N .35 SN 74157N 69 7045EV /Kit Stopwatch Chip, XTL 24.95
SN7402N .25 SN7474N .35 SN74160N 89 7106CPL 341 Digit A/D (LCD Drive) 16.95
SN7475N 7106EV /Kit
SN7403N
SN7404N
.25
.25 SN7476N
SN7479N
.49
.35
5N 74161N
SN74162N
89
89 lam sa:nr,a+l>e ... MIIMIM 7I07C PL
7107EV /Kit
IC, Circuit Board. Display
341 Digit A/D (LED Drive)
34.95
15.%
SN7405N .29 5.00 SN74163N 89 ."MIS IC, Circuit Board. DIsplay 29.95
SN7406N .35 SN7490N .50 SN74164N 89 7116CPL 31 Digit A/D LCD Dis. HLD. 18.95
SN7407N .5 SN7482N .99 SN74165N 89 1117CPL 341 Digit A/D LED Dis. HLD. 17.95
SN7408N .29 SN7483N .69 SN74166N 1 25 72011DR Low Battery Volt Indicator 2.25
SN74o9N .29 SN7485N .89 SN74161N 2 79 72941PG CMOS LED Stopwatch /Timer 12.%
SN7410N
SN74I1N
.25 SN 7486N .35 SN74170N 195 7205EV /Kit Stopwatch Chip, XTL 19.95
.29 5N7489N 1.75 SN74172N 4 95 7206CJPE Tone Generator 5.15
SN7412N
5N7413N
.35 SN7190N
SN7491N
.49 SN74173N 1 39 Size: 2 "L x 178 9H x 3/1690 7206CEV /Kit Tone Generator Chip. XTL 12.95
.40 .59 SN74174N 99 Bar or dot display mode e rally selectable by u
7207AI PO Oscillator Controller 6.50
SN7414N .69 SN7492N .45 SN74175N 89 Packages a end- steckable fort expanded displays. Can he 7201AE V /Kit Freq. Counter Chip, XTL 13.95
5N7416N .29 SN7493N .45 SN74176N 19 End.steckoWe. 4.character package. Men so n- scadad m e10 ana, 1100 bargiaph elements/. LED current 2208101 Seven Decade Counter 17.95
SN 7417N SN7494N .69 SN74177N 79 hast, 160md magnified m nmd m
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SN7420N .25 57974%N .69 SN14179N 49 characters 64-Character ASCII format. 80,7, n reference for lull scale a0Weg inputs from 1270129. Each LED 72151PG 4 Func. CMOS Stopwatch CKT
1 13.95
SN7421N .29 SN7196N .69 SN7419N 79 mernory. decode,. multiplexer and drivers. Dires. milpul of driver IC math external access. Site: 2 ".1 /8"x3 /16". 1215EV /K4 4 Func. Stopwatch Chip, XTL 19.95
5N7422N .45 SN7497N access to each digit NSM914 Linear Function 110 bers real 8995
3.00 SN14181N 2 25
cfronously. 1190. compatible. Fv NSM39148 Dneer Fu arion lB bers green /4 red)
7216AIJI 8-Digit Unlo. Counter C.A. 32.00
SN7423N .29 SN74100N 1.49 5N74182N 79
996 7216C III 8 -Digit Freo. Counter C.A.
volt power supply only. Independent cursor /llama. 615M3915 Logarithmic Fonction 110 ben reel 5.96 26.95
SN7425N .29 SN74104N .89 SN74184N 2 49 on. Sue: 1"1. 1-3/14-71 s .225'11 NSM39158 Logarithmic Func. I8g0172yell. /2 rd.) 721601P1 8 -Dlglt Freq. Counter C.C. 21.95
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SN7426N SN74I05N .89 5N74185N 2 49 NSM3916 OUMes Function 110 bers redl 5.98 7217131 4 -Digit LEO Up /Down Counter 12.95
5N7427N .25 SN74107N .35 SN74190N 25
DL-1418 Alpha numeric Display $19.95 sa. NSM39188 91.1-Mate Func. I6grn. /2y.11. /2 rd.I 8.96 7218CIJI 8 -Digit Univ. LED Drive
1 10.55
SN7428N .49 5N74109N .39 SN74191N 125 7224 IPL LCD 441 Digit Up Counter DRI 11.25
SN7430N .25 SN74116N 1.95 5N74192N 89
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SN7432N SN74121N .39 SN74193N 89 .200(TICA) Red /Green 7226E V /Kit 5 Function Counter Chip, XTL 74.95
SN7437N .2255 SN74122N .55 SN74194N 89 724013E CMOS Bln Prog. Timer /Counter 4.95
XC556R .200" red 5 /SI MV50 .085" red 641
SN7438N .40 5N74123N .59 SN 74195N Diffused Bi-Color LED 72421IA CMOS Divide -by -256 RC Timer 2.05
SN7439N
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SN7440N .20 5N74126N .49 SN74197N 89 X05560 .2Wi' clear 4l XC29Y .125" yellow CMOS BCD Prog. Timer /Counter 5.25
SN7441N .89 SN74132N SN74198N
4/51 XC5491 79 .69 PA CMOS 555 Timer (8 pin)
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SN7442N .59 SN7415N 5 SN74199N 1 49 XC22G .200" green 441 XC526G .19" green 441
7556IPD CMOS556 Timer (14 pn) 2.20
SN7443N 1.10 SN74141N .99 5N74221N 2599 XC22V .207" yellow 441 Xc526v .185" yellow 4/51
7611BCPA CMOS Op Amp Comparator SMV 2.25
SN7444N 1.10 5N74142N 3.25 SN 74251N M V IOB .170" red 441 XC526C .185" clear 441
7612BCPA CMOS OP Amp Ext. Cmvr. SMV 2.95
5N7445N I% R L-2 $.39 ea. or 3/$1.00 7621BCPA CMOS 0041 Op Amp Comp. SMV
5N14143N
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5N7446N .79 SN74144N 3.49 SN74279N 79 C.A. Anode Common 1631CCPE CMOS Tri Op Amp Comp. IOMV 5.35
SN7447N .69 5N74145N .79 5N74283N 1 49 D.D. Double Digit DISPLAY LEDS RHO- 7641CCP0 CMOS Quad Op Amp Comp. IOMV 7.50
SN7148N .79 SN74147N 1.95 5N74284N 3% Type Polarity Ht Pries Type Polarity Ht Pries 7642CCPD CMOS Quad Op Amp Comp. IOMV 7.30
SN7450N .20 SN74148N 1.29 SN74285N 3% MAN C.A. -red .270 7660C PA Voltage Converter 2.95
1 2.95 DLG507 C.A. --green .500 1.25 8038CCPD Waveform Generator 4.95
SN7451N .20 SN71150N 1.25 SN74365N 69 MAN 2 5x7 D.M. -red .300 4.95 DL704 C.C. --red .300 1.25 8048CCPE Monolithic Logarithmic Amp 21.60
SN7453N .20 SN 74151N .69 SN74366N 69 MAN 3 C.C. -red .125 .25 DL C.A. -red .300 1.25 8969CCQ 50ppm Band -GAP Volt Ref. Diode 2.50
SN7451N SN74152N .69 SN7457N 69 MAN 52 C.A. -green .300 .99 D L728 C.C. -red .500 1.49 8211C PA Volt Ref/Indicator 2.95
SN7459A .25 SN14153N .79 SN74368N 69 MAN 54 C.C.- green .300 .99 O L741 C.A. --red .600 1.25 8212CPA Volt Ref/Indicator 2.95
SN7460N .20 SN74154N 1.25 SN74.390N 1 19 MAN 71 C.A. -red O L747 C.A.- red .600 1.49
SN1470N .29 SN7419N .79 SN74393N 1 49 MAN 72 C.A. -red .300 .75 0L750 C.C. -red .600 149
74C00 .39 74C 74C221 1.95
MAN 74 C.C. -red .300 1.25 DL0847 C.A.- orange 74CO2 74C% 1.9 74C240 2.25

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74L500 .800 1.49 74004
74L501 : 74LS 74L5192
74LS193
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74C151
1.89 74C244
74C373
2.25
2.49
74L502 74LS92 .75 74L5194
1 15 MAN 84 C.C.- yellow .300 .99 DL33B C.C. -red .110 .35 74C10 74C154
2.95
3.95 740374
74LS03 74LS93 .75 74LSI%
1 15
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71L504 .35 74LS95 .99 74L5197
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1 19 MAN 3630 C.A. -orange 7 1 .50 .99 FN D57 C.C.

1

.357 .75 74C20 .39 74C19 1.69 740903 .69

74L505 .35 74L596 1.15 74L5221 19 MAN 3640 C.C. -orange .300 .99 FN D500 74C30 .39 7416I 74C911 10.95
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74042 1.39 1.49
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.35
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74LS12
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74L5212
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1.95
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71L514
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1 19 .560 .99 5082-7300 4x7NUmeric(RHO).600 22.00 74C93 80C97 .79
74L521
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1.29 74C1% 1.59
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74L522 .35 74L5133
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74L527
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71L515
74L5138
.49
.89
74L5257
74L5258
89
DL0307 C.A.- orange
.300
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1.25
1.25
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Photo XSlstor Opto-ISOI.
.69 Isol. LMIOCLH 4.50 LINEAR LM703CN .89
74LS28 74LS139
69
DLG500 C.C. -green
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74 L S30
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.89 74 L5266 69
74L532 .5 74L5153 .89 74L5273 96
TL071CP .79 LM340T-15 1.25 LM7IIN .79
71 L533 74L5154 1.75 74L5279
1
89 SOCKETS RECEPTACLES TL072CP 1.39 LM34IP-5 .75 LM723N .69
74L537 .45 74175155 .89 74L5283
Test Sockets TL074CN LM341P-12 LM733N

sir
89 2.49 1.00
74L538 .39 74L5156 .89 74L5290 99 IUTOOL LHO92CD 35.80 LM311P-15 5 LM739N 1.19
74L540 .35 74L5157 .89 74L5293
74L542
99 TL082CP 1.19 LM342P-5 .69 LM741CN .35
.89 74L5158 .89 74LS298 125
74L547 .89 74L5160 1.15 74L552 129 ZERO INSERTION FORCE I
TLO84CN 2.19 LM342P-12 .69 MC1741SCG 3.00
74L548 1.15 74LS161 1.15 74 LS353 1 29 Nickel Boron Plating Nickel Boron Plating F -
LH0094CD 36.80 LM342P-15 .69 LM747N .79
74LS49 1.15 74L5162 1.15 74 L555 L LM300H .99 LM348N 1.25 LM718N .59
74LS51
69 G.F. PSF Plastic Body + G.F. PSF Plastic Body LM301CN
.35 74L5163 1.15 74L5366 69
For testing IC's
.35 LM50K 5.75 LM1014N 2.75
14L554 .35 74L5164 1.15 74L557 69 Wire Wrap Contacts - LM302H 1.% LF351N .60 LM1310N 1.95
74LS5S .35 74LS165 1.15 74LS368 PartNo. Pins Price PertNo. Pins Price
74 LS 73 .45 74L519 74L5373
69 PertNo. Pins Price PartNo. Pins Price LM304H 1.95 LF353N 1.00 LM1458CN .59
1.19 1% 214 -3339 pin S% 222-3343 n pin 9.95 LM3o5H .99 LF39N
71L574 .45 74L5169 1.19 ]4L5374 1%
14 214 -3592 14 pin 9.15 222.35% 22 pn 12.95 1.10 LM1488N 1.25
74L575 .59 74175170 1.95 74LS375
216.3340 16 pin 6.49 224.3344 24 pin 9.75 216.3593 16 pin 9.95 224 -597 24 pin 12.75 LM307CN .45 LF356N 1.10 LMI49N 1.25
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218 -3341 18 pin 7.95 2253345 28 pin 11.95 218 -3594 18 Pin 10.95 228 -3598 28 Pin 13.95 LM308CN 1.00 LM358N 1.00 LM1496N 1.95
74LS78 49 74L5174 .99 74L553 2 49
220-3342 20 PIn 8.95 240-3346 40 pin 12.95 220-3595 20 pin 11.95 240 -3599 40 pin 15.95 LM309H 1.95 LM59N 1.79 LM1556V 1.75

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74L585 1.25 74L5181 2.95 74LS670 2 49 LOW PROFILE SOLOERTAIL LM310CN 1.75 LM373N 3.25 LM1871N 5.49
74 L 586
74L590
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.69 74L5191 1.25 81 L597 1 95
LM312H 2.49 LM380N 1.25 LM1877N9 3.25
1 -24 25 -49 50 -100
1-24 2549 50-100 LM317MP 1.15 LM38IN 1.95 LM189N 3.20
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745244
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16 pin ST .30 .27 .25
LM3I7K 3.95 LM384N 1.% LM2002T 1.49
16 pin LP .22 .21 .20 LM318CN 1.95 LM396N-3 1.29 LM2877P
74504 55 745133 .55 745253 1.45 18 pin ST .35 .32 .30 2.05
18 pin LP .29 .28 .27 LM3I9N LM387N 1.45
74505 s5 745134 .69 745257 1.35 24 pin ST .49 .4s .42 1.95 LM2878P 2.25
20 pin LP .34 .32 .30 LM320K-5 1.35 LM389N 1.35
74508 50 745135 1.19 745258 1.35 28 pin ST .99 LM2896P-1 2.25
74509 s0 74515 1.75 745260 .79
22 pin LP .37 .36 .5 36 pIn ST 1.39
.90
1.26
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LM320K-12 1.35 LM392N .69 LM319N 2.95
24 Pin LP .38 1.15
74510 .37 .36
40 pin LM320K-1S 1.35 LF398N 4.00 LM3900N .69
45 745138 1.35 745280 2.95 28 pin LP .45 ST 1.59 1.45 1.30
74511 5 745139 1.35 745287
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3.25 5 pin LP .60 59 .58 LM320T-12 TL494CN 4.49
74515 45 745140 .79 745288 2.75 40 pin LP .63 .62 .61
WIRE WRAP SOCKETS LM320T-IS
1.25
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LM3909N 1.15
74520 45 145151 1.5 1.25 LM514N 3.95
74522 /45153
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45 1.35 745374 149
74530 45 145157 1.35 745387 2.95 SOLDERTAIL (GOLD) 1 -24 25-49 50 -100 LM324N .99 NE529A 4.95 LM3316N 3.95
LM329OZ NE531H 3.96 RC415N
74532 55 74519 1.35 7454/1 19.95 STANDARD 8 pin WW .59 .54 .49
LM331N
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74538 745160 2.95 7454/2 10.95 10 pin WW .69 .63 .58
3.95 RC4151NB 3.95
74540 1.9 25-49 50-100 LM334Z 1.30 NE510H 6.00 RC4194TK 6.95
745174 745473 10.95 1 -24 14 pin WW .79 .73 .67
74551 45 145175 1.9 745414 12.95 8 pin SG .39 .35 .31 16 pin WW .85 .77 .70
LM35Z 1.40 NE544N 4.95 RC4195TK 5.49
LM3362 1.75 NE550A 1.5 LM1500A 3.25
74564 50 745188 2.95 745475 12.95 14 pin SG .49 .45 .41 18 pin WW .99 .90 .81
LM337T 1.95 NE555V .39 ICL805B 4.95
74565 50 745194 1.95 145510 5.95 16 pin SG .54 .49 .44 20 pin WW 1.19 1.08 .99
74574 7451% 1.95 IB pin SG LM337MP 1.15 LM556N .99 LM13080N 1.29
75 745571 5.95 .59 .53 .48 22 010 WW 1.49 1.35 1.23
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9.95 .69 24 1.39 1.26 1.14
745112 145240 2.95 /45573 28 pin SG
LM339N .99 LM565N 1.25 7515N 1.%
9.95 1.10 1.00 .90 28 pat WW 1.69 1.53 1.38
745113 /45241 /45940 5 pin SG WW
LM340K-5 1.35 LM59CN 1.95 15450N .89
79 2.95 3.15 1.65 1.40 1.26 36 pin 2.19 1.99 1.79
LM340K-12 1.5 LM567V 1.25 75151CN .39
745114 79 745242 125 745941 3.15 40 pin SG 1.15 1.59 1.45 40 pin WW 2.29 2.09 1.89 LM340K-15 1.35 NE570N 4.95 75492 .89
CA30I0H .99
CA-LINEAR CA3089N 3.15
CA30I3H
CA3023H
CA3035H
2.15
125
2.49
CA3060N
CA3080H
125
1.25
CA3096N
CA3130H
CA314gH
195
1.39
1/4 WATT RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS
Ohm 15 Ohm 18 Ohm Ohm
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CA3081N 2.00 1.25 IO Ohms 12 22 50 VOLT CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS
CA3039H
CA3016N
1.35
1.30
CA3082N
CA3083N
2.00 CA3160H
CA34D1N
1.25
.59
ASST. 1 5ea. 21 Ohm 33 Ohm 39 Ohm 47 Ohm 56 Ohm 50pcs. $1.95 Value 19 10-99 100+ Value l9 10-99 1000
1.60 10 P .O8 .O6 .O5 .001y F .Ilg .06
CA3059N 125 CA3O86N .9 CA3600N 1.50
68 Ohm 82 Ohm 100 Ohm 120 Ohm 150 Ohm n pf
1

.08 .06 .05 .00477.4F .08

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ASST. 2 5ea. 180 Ohm 220 Ohm 270 Ohm 330 Ohm 390 Ohm 50pc5. $1.95 41 PI .08 .06 .05 .OIPF .08 .06 .05
C04000 .39 CU 4098 2.49 100 pf .08 .06 .05 .02213E .09 .07 .06
4/O Ohm 560 Ohm680 Ohm 820 Ohm IK 220 p
C 04001
C04002
.39 CD-CMOS C 434506 .15
ASST. 3 5ea. 1.216 1.5K 1.8K 2.2K 2.1K 50pes. $1.95 470 pf
AS
.08
.05
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.047 F
.10F
.09
.15
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.12
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.39 C 04501 .99
C 04006 1.19 C 04041 1.49 C 04508 3.95 3.3K 3.934 4.1K 5.6K 0.8K 100 VOLT MYLAR FILM CAPACITORS
.1301m .12 .10 .022m
C 04001
C0409
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c 04542 .99 1134510 1.39 ASST. 4 5ea. 8.2K 10K 12K 1534 18K Sopes. $1.95 .0022m .12 .10
.07
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.11
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C04043 .89 1074511 1.29
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22K 2/K 33K 39K 4/K .0047m .12 .10 .07 .lmf .27 .23 .17
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C04012 25 C04041 2.50 C 04515 2.95 150K 180K 220K 270K 330K /5V
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CD4013 49 .15/5V
C D4014 139
C 04048
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1.35
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1.49
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2.2/35V
3.3/25V
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.37
C 04015 1.19 C 04050 .69 C04519 9 IM 1.2M 1.5M 1.8M 22M .33/5V .39 .34 .29 4.7/25V .63 .56 .45
C 04016 .59 C04051 CD4520 ASST. 7 5ea. 7.1M 13M 3.9M 4.1M 56M septa. $1.95 .47/5V .39 .34 .29 6.8/25V .79 .69 .55
C04017 C 04052
1.19
C04526
1.29
9/5 V .39 .34 .29 15/25V 1.39 1.25 .95
1.19 1.19 1./9
ASST. OR Includes Resistor Assts. 1 -7 (350 pcs.) $10.95 ea. i.0 /5V .5 .55.34 .29 22/V .19 .69
C04018 .9 C [4053 1.19 C 04528 I./9 MINI. ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
C D4019
C 04020
.49
1.19
C 04056
C 04059
2.95
9.95
C 04529
C U4543
1.95
2./9
$10.00 Min. Order U.S. Funds Only - Spec Sheets 25d - Axial 1 -99 100-499 5009 Radial 1-99 100.49 500*
C D4021 1.39 C04060 149 C04562 11.% Calif. Residents Add 6% Sales Tax Send 860 Postage for your .47/50V .16 .14 .10 .47/25V .15 .13 .12
C 04022 1.19 C 04066 .19 C04566 2.79 -
Postage Add 5% plus $1 Insurance FREE 1982 JAMECO CATALOG 1.0/50V
3.3/50V
.19
.17
.16
.15
.12
.11
47/5093
1.0 /16V
.16
.15
.14
.13
.13
.12
C D4023 .29 C04068 .39 C 04583 2.49
C[4059 45 4.7/25V .18 .15 .11 1.0/25V .16 .14 .13
C194024 -19 C174584 ./s

lameco
C04025 .23 04070
PHONE 10/25V .18 .15 .11 10/50V .17 .15 .14
C .55 C04723 1.% 10/50V .19 .16 .12 4.7/16V .15 .13 .12
C04026 2.95 C 04011 .49 CD4/24 1.95 ORDERS 22/25V .19 .16 .12 4.7/25V .16 .14 .13
C 04027 .69 C 04072 .49 MC1449 14.% WELCOME 22/50V .24 .20 .18 4.7/50V .17 .15 .14
C 04028 .89 C040/3 .39 MC14410 14.% 47/25V .25 .21 .19 10/16V .15 .13 .12
C04029 1.49 C [34075 .39 MC14411 14.95 ELECTRONICS (415) 592 -8097 47/50V .29 .25 23 10/25V .16 .14 .13
CD4030 C 04016
100/25V .28 .24 .22 10/50V .17 .15 .14
.49 1.39 MC14412 11.95 100/50V .41 .37 .34 47/50V .25 .21 .19
C04034 3.49
.99
C 04018
C D4081
.55
.39
MC14419
MC14433
4.% MAIL (1RI)! R I.LIo(I ROSI(J' WORLDWIDE 220/25V .39 .34 .33 100/16V .21 .17 .14
13.% 220/50V .49 .45 .41 100/25V .25 .23 .21
010 1.49 C0402 MC14538 2.49 1355 SHOREWAY ROAD, BELMONT, CA 94002 470/25V .54 .49 .45 103/50V .37 .34 .19
C0493 MC14541 1.% 9/81 PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE 2200 /16V .79 .69 .61 420/15V .25 .21 27
2200 /16V .89 .79 .69 470/25V .35 .31 .27

110 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

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 National POWER CORD SALE
Semiconductor Clock Modules MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS 1-9
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DATA ACQUISITION
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Sera Dr AC 250 117V /60Hz 12 VAC 250mA $3.95
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In.
1 02, P20 Xformer
TRANSFORMERS
for MA 1023, 1043 & 5036 Mods. 3.49
MC611
k461123211
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104.411 ROM (.C6Alb1
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yn. 203ns(lower n of
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$3.95
102 -P22 Xformer for MA1026 Clock Modules 3.49 MC640 62S26 64
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DC 900 120V /60Hz 9 VDC 500mA 53.95
MC6160 ous
40bpD9te1 MODEM 10.% 54014-4NL rle Static 9.95
12.% .s as 1.ra Static 9.%
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8 OHM SPEAKER MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS 170. St LIP t.auuro Pno. a.%

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CPU IMKOONl (W1111
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$1.25 ea. 2/51.95 ea. 1037.95 ea. 2650 PAPLI
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Aluminum Case 590 311 w /Soue Micro interpreter 1516
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CPU Over o More PROMS Listed in Our
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5' leads H801.159 599010 4% ROM'S 22/44SE
Character Generator lupper case) 9.. UG88 /U BNC Plug $1.79
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251310211 character Generator %mom Case1 9.6 UG89/U BNC Jack $3.79
BATTERY 5w1H+
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Dual 50-en D w -NMOS 1.9x/
READ ONLY MEMORIES
ASCII Shitted w/Greek
UG175 /U UHF Adapter S .49
$1.29
co 1250 50239 UHF Panel Recp
HOLDER MM510H 4.e 1 Accumulator MCM6740P 1116947Math symbol L Pictures 17.50
PL258 UHF Adapter $1.60
Dynamic 2.95 MCP/1557W 16x941 Alpha. Control Char. Den. 13.50
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I014-60 Dynamic/Accumulator MANUALS PL259 UHF Plug 51.60
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MMl013H 195
Plastic case 14SO6H 00/5121911 Dynamic I.% -x07 Manual User UG260 /U BNC Plug $1.79
MMC al 5Cait 9.95 Manual User 7.50 UG1094 /U BNC Bulkhead Recp. $1.29
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82721 S 01 -1912 Dynamic
TRS-80
1iV11.A)

613 Hex 3284 .taut 355 SPECIAL FUNCTION

6214 Dual 132-11t Static O S006CN DeralMOs Cock Driver pMZI 3.07

EPROM Erasing Lamp 256V

eu Dynamic
103504 Dynamic L%
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N.%
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154V Dual 2504it Static 3.95
M0.46I6721 MicroprocesSor Real Tone Clock 595 Expand your TRS -80 System to 16K.
62V Dual NO-. Static
Kit comes complete with:

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409159144 Compatible Clock
o
11.6
6314 oued Shed Static 2%
3341PC Fllo (DUI. COPa2N Mwocomm
a. Direct
with 6-019. RAM 4% *8 ea. MM5290 IUPD416/4116116K Dyn. Rams 1NSI
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DATA ACQUISITION Direct LED Or. Buss int.
TRS -16K2 150NS $29.95
Erases 2708. 2716, 1702A, 5203Q, 52040, etc. AFI01-1.1 Universal AO. FI4er 2 5.% cow%ry mo.. Dover (2040 pk9J 3.6
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Maintains constant exposure distance of one inch.
APO.. Touch Tone H190 Band Filter 19.%
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22.430AH Super Gao Op Amp nv-5-407 4.%
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Built-in safety lock to prevent UV exposure.
04334E
L663352
COnstenl Current Source
Temperature Trans.. 150
66900
6.5336
CMOS Clock Generator l

Keyboard Encode. Se keys)

4.96
1115 JE610 ASCII
-
Compact only 7.5/8" x 2 -7/8" x 2"
LF3564 OCT Input Op Amp 1.10
00165 O1 %kayo
Encoded Keyboard Kit
7.%
Semple Hold Amplltlera 3.%
7.9II MEn+d Encoder 16 MOO 5.4
Complete with holding tray for 4 chips. Temp.COmo. firer. Pei. 1.5040/C9 4.%
Nc93 IKCeyboud soco O 16 keys) 5.75
UVS -11EL Replacement Bulb $16.95 AOCOlOLCS Cell A/D Convener (1 0561 M Button Dealer 7.%
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ELECTRONIC TOY MOTORS

JOYSTICKS 07~7
PICAS PRARCTER157146
Cuomo
J53K xN. Ra. . 02 io 02 Or

560 9100 020 6.750 0.90 0 260 1 30 57 0 0 97

The JE610 ASCII Keyboard Kit can be interfaced into
most any computer system. The kit cornes complete
with an Industrial grade keyboard switch assembly
.937 O.D. X
MABUCHI RE280 $ 99 each ...10/$7.50...100 /$50.00 (62- keys), IC's, sockets, connector, electronic compo-
1.201 Length nents and a double -sided printed wiring board. The
keyboard assembly requires .5V @ 15OmA end -12V
Features: 60 keys generate the
1 JVC -40 GLOBAL Quick Test
Sockets
!a 10 mA for operation.
1126 characters, upper and lower case ASCII set. Fully
buffered. Two user-define keys provided for custom
applications. Caps lock for upper- case -only alpha cherac
JS-5K
JS.100K
JVC-40
5K Linear Taper Pots
100K Linear Taper Pots
40K 121 Video Controller in case . .
$5.25
$4.95
$4.95
SPECIALTIES 6& Bus Strips
tars. Utilizes a 2376 (40-pin l encoder read -only memory
chip. Outputs directly compatible with TTL /DTL or
MOS logic arrays. Easy interfacing with a 16 pin dip or
18 -pin edge connector. Size: 31/"H x 14"W x 814"0
Bright .300 ht. comm. cath- EXPERIMENTOR
6 -Digit Uses MM5314 clock chip
ode display
SOCKETS
rill 3,3 i
1 l5
JE610 /DTE -AK asAP ciu abo1ee) ...$124.95
Clock Kit $Hrs.itches for hours, minutes
hold modes and
easily viewable to 20 ft. MIMI 0r46
JE610 Kit 6 .Koy keybocr(r,o cCBjard, $ 79.95
K62 62 -Key Keyboard (Keyboard only) ...$ 34.95
Simulated walnut case
. 115 VAC operation DTE -AK IcaSaonly 3%.(Hxll'WelPle'D)$ 49.95

IMO
JE701
12 or 24 hr. operation
Incl. all components, case &
well transformer
Size: 6%" e 3.1/8" x 1%"

$19.95
JE212 -
Negative 12VDC Adapter Board Kit
for JE610 ASCII KEYBOARD KIT
Provides -12VDC from incoming 5VDC

JE600
$9.95 . .

JE215 Adjustable
11: Hexadecimal Encoder Kit
Dual Power Supply
.7lnleral Description: The JE215 is a Dual Power
Supply with independent adjustable positive and nega-
tive output voltages. A separate adjustment for each
of the supplies provides the user unlimited applications
for IC current voltage requirements. The supply can
Model

EXP4e
EXP300
EXP325
Length

6.0"
Width
Center
Channel
n/a
.3"
.3"
5
Terminals
i`
n/a

9014701

2211101
eue
stila
411601

2(801

21201
S
Prira

4.75
512.00
S 3.50
0766
Of

074)I
36
915
6

53"
63"
5"

16'
e

10

94

70
il].5
2.99
S

510.24
II S 2.59
S 8.60
FULL 8 -BIT
LATCHED OUTPUT
19 -KEY KEYBOARD A
02361 n Si 2.25
also be used as a general all- purpose variable power EXP350 .3" 4612301 2140) S 6.75
0214 IT. The JE600 Encoder Keyboard Kit provides two separate
% S
Supply. FEATURES'. EXP600 .6" 9514701 71801 514.75 4 5 hexadecimal digits produced from sequential key entries
Adlustable regulated power supplies. EXP650 .6" 5612301 21401 s 0.75
026 Is S 3.00 to allow direct programming for 8 -bit m croprocessor
Pos. and neg. 1,2VDC to 15VDC. 0176 14 S 2.75 vor 8 -bit memory circuits. Three additional l keys are pro
Power Output teSCh supply)'. ided for user operations with one having a bistable
5VDC @ 500mA, 10VDC@ 750mA.
12VOC @500mA, and
$10.00 Min. Order U.S. Funds Only - Spec Sheets - 251
for your
Output available. The Outputs are latched and monitored
Calif. Residents Add 6% Sales Tax Send 864 Postage with 9 LED readouts. Also included Ira key entry strobe.
15VDC@ 175mA. FREE 1982 JAMECO CATALOG Features: Full 8-bit latched output for microprocessor
Two, 3- terminal ad'. IC regulators Postage -Add 5% plus $1 Insurance
use. Three user-define keys with one being bistable
with thermal overload protection. Operation. Dabounce circuit provided for all 19 keys.
es.

J arreco
Heat sink regulator cooling PHONE 9 LED readouts to verify Easy interfacing with
LED "on" indicator standard 16 -pin IC c ector. Only .5VDC required
Printed Board Construction ORDERS for operation. Size: 3%"1-1 x 8'4"W x 86 "0
120 V AC input WELCOME
Size: 31/2 "w x 5- 1/16 "L x 2 "1-1
ELECTRONICS (415) 592-8097
JE600/DTE-HK "trG' 1 , . . . $99.95
19 -Key Hexadec. Keyboartl,
JE215 Adj. Dual Power Supply Kit Ns :hewn) . . $24.95 JE600 Kit Pe Bpard 4 cmonel. tnb ea e) .. $59.95
(Picture not shown but similar in uction to above) MAIL ORDER ELECTRONICS - WORLDWIDE
K19 19 -Key Keyboard (Keyboard only) .... $14.95
JE200 Reg. Power Supply Kit 15VDC,r 11 amp) . $14.95 1355 SHOREWAY ROAD, BELMONT, CA 94002
JE205 Adapter Brd. Ito JE200) 15,99 &12V. $12.95
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE DTE -HK (case only - 3ai'Hxaa ^WxeanO) $44.95
JE210Var. Pwr.Spey.Kit, 5- 15VDC, tol.5amp. $19.95 9/81

CIRCLE NO. 42 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 111

SEPTEMBER 1981
www.americanradiohistory.com
 16K Memory 81$16.95
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7426 .29 74163 .85 74C10
74LS32 .35 74LS240 1.85 35 74C903 .85 4022 1.15 14411 9.95
7427 .29 74164 .85 74C14
74LS33 .55 74LS241 1.85 7428
1.50 74C905 10.95 4023 .35 14412 12.95
.45 74165 .85 74C20 .35 74C906 .95 4024
74LS37 .55 74LS242 1.85 7430 .19 74166 1.00
.75 14419 2.95
74LS38 .35 74LS243 74C30 .35 74C907 1.00 4025 .35 4502 .95
1.85 7432 .29 74167 1.95
74LS40 .25 74LS244 1.75
74C32 .50 74C908 2.00 4026 1.65 4503 .65
7433 .45 74170 1.65 74C42 1.75
74LS42 .55 74LS245 2.85 7437 74C909 2.75 4027 .65 4508 1.95
.29 74172 5.95 74C48 2.10 74C910
74LS47 .75 74LS247 .76 7438 .29 74173 .75
9.95 4028 .80 4510 .95
74LS48 .75 74LS248 1.25 74C73 .65 74C911 10.00 4029 .95 4511 .95
7440 .19 74174 .89 74C74 .85
74LS49 75 74LS249 .99 7442 74C912 10.00 4030 .45 4512 .95
.49 74175 .89 74C76 .80 74C914 1.95 4034
74LS51 .25 74LS251 1.30 7443 .65 74176 2.95 4514 1.25
.89 74C83 1.95 74C915 2.00 4035 4515
74LS54 .35 74LS253 .85 7444 .69 74177 .75 .85 2 25
74LS55 .35 74LS257 .85
74C85 1.95 74C918 2.75 4040 .95 4516 1.55
7445 .69 74178 1.15 74C86 .95
74LS63 1.25 74LS258 .85 7446 74C920 17.95 4041 1.25 4518 1.25
.59 74179 1.75 74C89 4.50 74C921 4519
74LS73 .40 74LS259 2.85 7447 .69 74180 .75
15.95 4042 75 1.25
74LS74 .45 74LS260 74C90 1.75 74C922 5.95 4043 .85 4520 1.25
.65 7448 .69 74181 2.25
74LS75 .50 74LS266 74C93 1.75 74C923 5.95 4044 85 4522 1.25
.55 7450 .19 74182 .75
74LS76 .40 74LS273 74C95 1.75 74C925 6.75 4046 .95 4526 1.25
1.65 7451 .23 74184 2.00
74LS78 74LS275 74C107 1.00 74C926 7.95 4047 .95 4527 1.95
.50 3.35 7453 .23 74185 2.00 74C150
74LS83 .75 74LS279 .55 7454
5.75 74C927 7.95 4049 .55 4528 1.25
.23 74186 18.50 74C151 2.25 74C928 7.95 4050 4531
74LS85 1.15 74LS280 1.98 7460 .23 74190 1.15
.55 .95
74LS86 .40 74LS283 1.00
74C154 3.25 74C929 19.95 4051 .95 4532 1.95
7464 .39 74191 1.15 74C157
74LS90 .65 74LS290 1.25 7465
1.75 74C930 19.95 4053 .95 4538 1.95
.39 74192 .79 74C160 2.00 4000 .35 4060 4539
74LS91 .89 74LS293 1.85 7470 35 74193 1.45 1.95
.79 74C161 2.00 4001 4543
74LS92 .70 74LS295 1.05 7472 .29 74194 .85
.35 4066 .75 2.70
74LS93 .65 74LS298 1.20 74C162 2.00 4002 .25 4068 .40 4555 .95
7473 .34 74195 .85 74C163
74LS95 .85 74LS352 1.55 7474
2.00 4006 .95 4069 .35 4556 .95
.35 74196 .79 74C164 2.00 4007 4581
74LS96 .95 74LS353 1.55 7475 74197 .75
.29 4070 .35 1.95
.49 74C165 2.00 4008 .95 4071 .30 4582
74LS107 .40 74LS363 1.35 7476 .35 74198 1.35 1.95
74LS109 .40 74LS365 74C173 2.00 4009 .45 4072 4584 .95
.95 7480 .59 74199 1.35
.30
74LS112 .45 74LS366 74C174 2.25 4010 .45 4073 .30 4585 .95
.95 7481 1.10 74221 1.35 74C175
74LS113 .45 74LS367 .70 2.25 4011 .35 4075 .30 4702 12.95
7482 .95 74246 1,35 74C192 2.25
74LS114 .50 74LS368 .70 7483 4012 .25 4076 .95 a72a t.50
.50 74247 1.25 74C193 2.25 4013 4078
74LS122 .45 74LS373 1.85 7484 .50 74248 1.85
.45 .30 80007 95
74LS123 74LS374 74C195 2.25 4014 .95 4081 .30 80C95
.95 1.80 7485 .65 74249 1.95 .85
74LS124 2.99 74LS377 1.45 74C200 5.75 4015 .95 4082 .30 80C96 .95
7486 .35 74251 .75 74C221
74LS125 .95 74LS378 1.18 7489
2.25 4016 .45 4085 .95 80C97 95
4.95 74259 2.25
74LS126 .85 74LS379 1.35 7490 .35 74265 1.35
4017 1.15 4086 .95 80C98 1.20A
74LS132 .75 74LS385 1.90 7491 .40 74273 1.95

r TRANSISTORS
74LS136 .55 74LS386 .65 7492 .50 74276 1.25
74LS137 .99 74LS390 1.90 7493 .49 74279 .75
74LS138 .75 74LS393 1.90 7494 74283
74LS139 .75 74LS395 1.65 7495
.65
.55 74284
2.00
3.75 rDIP SWITCH ES 1
74LS145 1.20 74LS399 1.70 7496 .70 74285 3.75
74LS147 2.49 74LS447 .37 7497 2.75 74290 .95
4 position 85
74LS148 1.35 74LS490 1.95 74100 1.00 74293 .75 5 position 90 P N2222 1011.00 100/8.99
74LS151 .75 74LS668 1.69 74107 .30 74298 .85 6position 90 2N3904 10/1.00 100/8.99
74LS153 .75 74LS669 1.89 74109 .45 74351 2.25 7 position 95 2N3906 10/1,00 100/8.99
74LS154 2.35 74LS670 2.20 74110 .45 74365 .65 8 position .95 2N 3055 .79 10/6.99
74LS155 1.15 74LS674 9.65 74111 .55 74366 .65 IN4148 25/1.00
74LS156 .95 74LS682 IN4004
74LS157 75 74LS683
3.20
2.30
74116
74120
1.55 74367 .65 CONNECTORS
1.20 74368 .65
74LS158 75 74LS684 2.40

r
74121 .29 74376 2.20 RS232 MALE 3.25
74LS160 .90 74LS685 2.40 74122 .45 74390 1.75 RS232 FEMALE
74LS161 74LS688 3.75
.95 2.40 74123 .55 74393 1.35
74LS162 RS232 HOOD 1.25
.95 74LS689 2.40 74125 .45 74425 3.15 S -100 ST 3.95

L
74126 .45 74426
74490
.85
2.55
LS-100 WW 4.95 LINEAR
LM301V 34 LM7411, .29

r
LM308V .98 LM747 .79

74S00
74S02
44
48
74S00 SERIES
74S74
74S85 2.39
.69 745163
74S168
3.75
4.65
74S258
745260
1.49
1.83
VOLTAGE KEG'S
7805T .89 7905T
1 LM309K
LM311
LM317T
LM317K
1.49
.64
1.95
3.95
LM748V
LM1310
MC133C
MC135C
2.90
1.89
1.29
.59

.99 LM318 1.49 MC135f 1.79

74S03 48 74586 1.44 74S169 5.44 74S274 19.95 7808T .99 7912T .99
74SO4 .79 74S112 1.59 74S174 74S275 7812T
LM323K 4.95 LM1414 1.59
1.09 19.95 .89 7915T 1.19 LM324 .59
74505 79 74S113 1.98 74S175 1.09 745280 2.90 7815T .99 7924T 1.19 LM1458V .69
74S08 .48 74S114 1.50 74S181 4.47 74S287 4.75 7824T .99 L M 337 K 3.95 LM 1488 1.39
74509 98 74S124 2.77 74S182 2.95 74S288 4.45 LM339 .99 LM1489 1.39

'
74S10 69 74S132 1.24 745188 3.95 74S289 6.98 7805K 1.39 7905K 1.49 LM377 2.29 LM1800 2.99
74511 .88 74S133 .98 745189 14.95 74S301 6.95 7812K 1.39 7912K 1.49 LM380 1.29 LM1889 2.49
74S15 .70 74S134 .69 74S194 2.95 74S373 3.45 7815K 1.39 LM386V 1.50 LM3900 .59
74S20 .68 74S135 1.48 74S195 1.89 74S374 3.45 LM555V .39
74S22 .98 LM3909V .98
74S138 1.08 74S196 4.90 74S381 7.95 78L05 .69 79L05 .79 LM556 .69 LM3914 3.95
74S30 .48 74S139 1.25 74S197 4.25 74S387 5.75 78L12 .69 79L12 .79
74S32 .98 74S140 1.45
LM565 .99 LM3915 3.95
74S201 14.95 745412 2.98 78L15 .69 79L15 .79 LM566V 1.49
74S37 1.87 74S151 1.19 74S225 8.95 74S471 9.95
LM3916 3.95
74S38 1.68 74S153 1.19 74S240 3.98 74S472 16.85 LM309K
LM567V 1.29 75451V .39
1.49 LM323K 4.95 LM723
74S40 44 74S157 1.19 74S241 3.75 74S474 17.85 .49 75452V .39
LM3177 1.95 LM337K 3.95
74S51 .78 74S158 1.45 74S251 1.90 74S482 15.60 LM317K 3.95 LM733 .98 75453V .39
74S64 .79 74S161 2.85 74S253 7.45 74S570 7.80
74565 1.25 T= TP220 K= TO3 L= TO-92 , T=TO-220 V=xPIN K='l'USI
74S162 3.70 74S257 1.39 745571 7.80
L.
JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. TERMS: For shipping Include $2.00 for UPS Ground; $3.00
for UPS Blue Label Air, $10.00 minimum order. Bay Area
South Winchester Blvd.
1101 Residents add 81/4 % sales tax Calif. Residents add 6%
San Jose, California 95128 sales tax. We reserve the right to limit quantities and
800-538-5000 800-662.6263 (Calif.) substitute manufacturer. Prices subject to change without
notice.
408-247-4852

112 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

 4K STATIC RAMS 8118.95
r
ALL MERCHANDISE 100% GUARANTEED
8200
8202
8205
8212
8214
8216
8224
45.00
3.50
1.95
3.90
1.85
2.50
r6800
6802
6809
6810
6820
6821
6800
2114 LOW POWER 450ns

6.95
11.95
37.95
4.60
4.95
4.95
r Z80
Z80A
ZBOB
Z80-P10
Z80A-PIO
Z80-CTC
Z80
8.957
9.95
19.95
6.50
8.60
6.50
rCALL US FOR VOLUME QUOTES

SEPTEMBER SPECIALS
4116 150ns 8 for 19.95
8226 1.85 6828 9.95 Z80A-CTC 8.65 NEC
8228
8237
4.95
19.95
6834
6840
16.95
14.95
Z80-DART
MIA-DART
15.25
18.75 4116 200ns 8 for 17.50
8238 4.95 42.95 Z80-DMA 17.50
6843 27.50
8243 4.50 6844 44.95 Z80A-DMA
8250 14.95 Z80-SI0/0 23.95
8251 5.50
6845
6847
29.95
15.95 Z80A-S10/0 28.95 2708 2.99 8 for 2.75ea
8253 9.85 6850 4.75 Z80SIO11 23.95
8253-5 9.85 6852 5.75 Z80A-S10/1
Z80-SIO/2
28.95
23.95
2716 Intel and NEC 5.95 8 for 5.50ea
8255 5.25 6860 10.95
8255-5 5.25 6862 11.95 ZBOA-S10/2 28.95
17.95 2732 Intel 16.50 8 for 15.95ea
8257 9.00 6871 25.95 6280-SI019
8259
8272
7.00
39.95
6875
6880
6.95
2.95
80A-SI0/9 22.9
2532 Ti and Hitachi 19.95ea
8275 29.95
8279
8279.5
8282
8283
10.50
10.50
6.65
6.65
r MPU'S
8035 16.95 Z80A 6.00ea
8284
8286
8287
5.80
6.65
6.65
r 6502 8039
8080A
19.95
3.95
Z80A PIO 6.00ea
L8288 25.00 6502 6.95 8085 12.95
8086 99.95
8289 49,95 6502A
6504
12.95
6.95 8088 39.95 Z80A S10/1 15.00ea
6505 8.95 8155 11.95
6520 4.95 8156 11.95
r IC 6522
6532
9.95
14.95
14.95
8185
8185.2
8741
29.95
39.95
39.95
SOCKETS 6551
8748 69.95 8251A Intel 4.75ea
8 pin ST
1-100 100pcs
.13 .11
L 8755 49,96A
UPD 765 (8272) 35.00ea
14 pin SI
16 pin ST
.15
.17
.12
.13 LM323K 3.50ea 10 for 3.00ea
18 pin ST
20 pm ST
.20
.29
.18
.27
BEFORE YOU BUY CALL
22 pm ST
24 pm ST
.30
.30
.27
.27 JDR FOR THE BEST PRICE.
28 pin ST
40 pin ST
.40
.49
.32
.39
LS SPECIALS
14
ST = SOLDERTAIL
8 pin WW
pm WW
16 pin WW
18 pin WW
.59 .49

.69
.99
.69
.58
.90
.52 800538-5000 LS240
LS241
-99
.99
LS245
LS373
1.90
.99
20 pin WW 1.09 .98
22 pin WW
24 pin WW
28 pin WW
40 pin WW
1.39
1.49
1.69
1.99
1.28
1.35
1.49
1.80
800-662-6233 (CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS)
LS244 .99 SL374 1.75

,WW= WIREWRAP J (Sale Ends September 30, 1981)

r LEDS r4027
DYNAMIC RAMS
250ns 2.50
100pcs

2.00 r EPROMS Bpcs

Jumbo Red 10/1.00
Jumbo Green 6/1.00 4116-150 150ns 8/21.95 2.65 1702 256 x 8 ( lus) 4.95 4.50
Jumbo Yellow 6/1.00
5082- 7760.43'CC .79 4116-200 (200ns) 8/19.95 2.35 2708 1024 x 8 (450ns) 3.95 3.50
MAN74.3'CC .99 4116-300 (300ns) 8116.95 2.00
2716 (5v) 2048 x 8 (450ns) 6.95 5.95
0164 (200ns) CALL CALL_A 2758 (5v) 1024 x (450ns) 9.95 8.95

r-
8
2716-1 (5v) 2048 x 8 (350ns) 12.95 11.95
TMS2716 2048 x 8 (450ns) 9.95 8.95
STATIC RAMS lOOpcs TMS2532 (5v) 4096 x 8 (450ns) 21.95 19.95
2732 (5v) 4096 x 8 (450ns) 17.95 16.95A

r
2101 (450ns) 1.95 1.85
2102-1 (450ns) .89 .85
21 L02-1 (LP) (450ns) 1.29 1.15
2111 (45Ons 2.99 2.49 P ROMS
2112 2.99 2.79
2114 (450ns) 8/18.95 2.25 74S188 (82S23) OC 32 x 8 3.95
2114L-2 (LP) (200ns) 8/22.95 2.45 74S287 (82S129) TS 256 x 4 4.75
2114L-3 (300ns) 8/21.95 2.45 74S288 (82S123) TS 32 x 8 4.45
2114L-4 (LP) (450ns) 8/18.95 2.25 74S387 (82S126) OC 256 x 4 5.75
4044-4 (450ns) 3.49 3.25 74S471 TS 256 x 8 9.95
4044-3 (300ns) 3.99 3.75 74S472 (825147) TS 512x8 16.85
TMM2016 (200ns) CALL CALL 74S474 (825141) TS 512x8 17.85
MB6116 (200ns) CALL CALL 74S570 (82S130) OC 512x4 7.80
L745571 (82S131) TS 512x4 7.80
LP = LOW POWER
J
TERMS: For shipping Include $2 00 tot UPS Ground: $3.00
JDR MICRODEVICES, INC. for UPS Blue Label AM $10.00 minimum order. Bay Area
1101 South Winchester Blvd. Residents add 81/2 % sales tax Calif. Residents add 6%
sales tax. We reserve the right to limit quantities and
San Jose, California 95128 substitute manufacturer. Prices subject to change without
800-538-5000 800882.6263 (Calif.) notice.
408-247-4852

CIRCLE NO. 43 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 113

SEPTEMBER 1981
 JOIN THE ELECTRONIC BUYERS
Compare our prices with those

7400 SERIES 74LS00 SERIES

7400 15 .22 .19 -- .20 32 .20 .25 --- .17 /1.764-53.134 746900 .15 .17 .35 .21 .26 36 .22 .24
7401 .15 .22 22 -- .34 .3? .28 17.-1-76S 4
.20 742501 .15 .17 .28 -
7402 .15 .24 .22 --- 7;; i5 .20 .25 .19 --- ." ." ;1:T21=41:111
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114 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

CLUB FOR FANTASTIC SAVINGS!
of the other companies listed below

4000 CMOS
2

',n;

.Fi
i4
:E
All OK hobby products at
49% off list price.

All AP
Products, 28% off
list price.

All Vector products, 12% - 42%

off list price.

Prices for companies "A", "B", "C" ... "L" were compiled from their ad-
vertisements in July 1981 issues of Popular Electronics and Radio Elec-
tronics magazines. Names of companies will be supplied upon request.

In addition to items listed here, E.B.0 offers a complete line of diodes,

transistors, pre- stripped wrapping wire, series 74S, 74C, and superfast
74F TTL integrated circuits and many other items that our limited space
does not allow a full listing here. All at comparable savings and well below
what you have to pay for elsewhere.

Every E.B.C. member will receive a 3 -ring binder with hundreds of pages of
complete data and pricing information, along with bi- monthly mailings to
keep up to date with the latest additions and revisions.
:R"

All these and super low prices for an annual membership fee, which is
currently set at $25.00.

if you need additional information, please circle the appropriate reader

service number, or you may call our toll free number, 800 -325 -0102 and we
can charge your membership fee and even your first order to Master card
MICRO -PROCESSORS or Visa.

losa
11 lJ 1E J ll KO.
P. O. Box 617
Columbia. Mo. 65205
800 -325 -0102

CIRCLE #76 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD.

CIRCLE #77 FOR APPLICATION TO JOIN EBC.
115
SEPTEMBER 1981
 MUSICIANS: YOUR OWN SOUNn!
NOW AVAILABLE: revised AND, WE HAVE THE PARTS KITS YOU
"Electronic Projects for Musicians ",
NEED FOR HASSLE -FREE BUILDING!
By Craig Anderton. The first edition of this book showed
thousands of musicians, many with no prior experience in Sure, you can dig up the parts yourself...but why not let us do the
electronics, how to create their own sound by building their hard work for you? Each kit includes deluxe printed circuit board, all
own fuzzes, preamps, miniamps, etc. This new edition includes electronic components, potentiometers, instruction sheet, and in
27 projects, comprising improved /revised versions of most most cases, switches and jacks. Here are two of our most popular
projects from the first book PLUS eight ll new projects. kits:
There's also a new chapter on how to create pedalboards and Project #8 - Compressor. Increase guitar sustain without fuzz,
multiple effects systems, a chapter on common questions and and add some gain at same time if needed. Also good for
answers, and extensive use of photographs showing every step keeping levels constant while recording. Line or low level
of the construction process to make building your own boxes a operation; frequency response (any control setting), 1 dB, 50
snap! There's even a soundsheet that demonstrates the sounds Hz - 20 KHz; headroom, 14V p -p; compression ration, 10:1 (50
of the projects so you can easily decide which ones you'll want dB change in input level yields 5 dB change in output level).
to build. All effects give performance that's equal to or better $22.50.
than commercial equivalents, and are designed to a consistent
set of specifications to insure compatibility with all types of Project #21 - Phase Shifter. 4 stage phaser includes wide range
instruments as well as studio equipment. If you liked the speed, depth, offset, resonance, and volume controls. Unique
original, you'll love the new version; and if you're just getting "add /subtract" switch provides filter -like effects as well as
started, you couldn't have picked a better time! Foreword by phasing; resonance control gives penetrating, metallic sound.
Joe Walsh. Also includes true vibrato option (not tremolo). Uses
Guitar Player Books; softcover; $11.95. Available in opto- isoiators rather than FET voltage control elements for
September. exceptionally low noise (typical S/N ratio , -80 dB unweighted;
worst case, -70 dB unweighted) and low distortion operation.
ALSO AVAILABLE: "Home Recording for Musicians" by Craig Put two in series for even more amazing sounds! $51.35.
Anderton.
Everything you need to know to set up a low cost, high quality studio Other kits include Preamp, Ring Modulator, 8 In 1 Out Mixer,
at home - even includes info on how to build your own mixing Practice Play Along (plugs instrument into hi -fi for playing along
console and a soundsheet demonstrating studio techniques. Soft with records /FM /tapes), Tube Sound Fuzz, Noise Gate, Active
cover; $9.95. Parts kits available for mixing console project. Splitter /Dual Buffer ("Spluffer "), Envelope Follower Adapter, Super
Tone Control with on -board mixer, many more. Our MusiKit flyer
gives full details and pricing - write for it today!

Please Note: Unless you are experienced in electronics, we advise purchasing the above
book before building any kits. Since we recognize that "do It yourself" may not be for
everybody, order the book and look it over; if the building process looks too complex, you
may return the book in resaleable condition within 10 days for full refunc.
ELECTRONICS

r
TERMS: Cal res add tax. Allow shipping: excess refunded. Orders under 515 add S2 handing. VISA OO and
cede orders 5% 52
BOX 2355, OAKLAND AIRPORT, CA 94614 in stamps oouurr MuCIKlt flyer (US sand Carla only) Or circle the bingo card number below.

CIRCLE NO. 34 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

P.O. Box 4430C

RCA Cosmac 1802 Super Elf Computer Kit $106.95
Sa nia Clara, CA 95054
The Ouest Super Elf is the right choice for
Will calls: 2322 Walsh Ave.
ELECTRONICS (408) the person who has a need to learn more
988-164 0 TWX 910- 338 -2139
about computers, from an understanding
Same day shipment. First line parts only Factory tested.
of the hardware and how it goes together
Guaranteed money back. Quality IC's and other comps-
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS nests at factory prices. to beginning programming with machine
language on up through basic.
141500 Tn MOS MEMORY RAM PROM MICROPROCESSOR IC SOCKETS
MISPLAY LEDO
17020 Solder in
Law Peetile
1415028 2 95 2532
4 50
te 75
6502
6504
15 95
9 es PIN 1UP PIN 1UP
ANy
MNI
A 270
115
2 90
39
Tremendous Value
741504N 3- 45 2708 4 70 6522 9 95 8 15
1
22 30 AM2 14 1A G 300 00
7415058
7415085
25 .2248.21 1 65 171611 8 50 6800 e as IS 14 24 35 02104 300 25 The Super Elf is a tremendous value as it
35 2104x4 495 2716 5 Voit 6 50 6802 t 95 6 t6 28 42 Dt701 01107q LA
'

I
100 00
74LSION
combines video, digital displays, LED dis-
1

35 210784 3 75 8 2716 5 Vou 48 00 6820 4 95 IB 27 36 58 01727718 CA CC 500 90

74/SON 55 2111 3 75 2132 te 75 6650 95 20 29 40 57
'

1 5 01141 750 CA LC 600 ' 95

741514N 100 2112.2
7415208 35 2114
3
3 75
95 2758
814ta
Id 00
5500
80800
8085
195
1195
1 Not e'c 20
180359
CC 357 70 plays, and music, all on a single board for
80500 501 CC 54 500 ' 35
7415228
1415288
35
35
21141 3017ns
21141 1500s
4 25
00
8748
61188
55 00 28t
MA
9 95 WIRE WRAP
AN
LEVEL S
PIN
1805035'0
180800 80'
CC CA 500 90 $106.95. Its unique ability for single step
4 55 00 t 95 le LA BOO 20
software, including a series of lessons to
I
2
74L5309 4116 20044
`41333N
35
60 8 4116100n9
Z
18 40
95 8755A
582523
55 00
2 95
8212
8214
290
s es 16
o5
57
24
28
93
00 1
25
debugging, display of state and mode of
7415385
741$148
50 MM5261 40 5825123 4 95 8116 2 90 to 61 40 1 23 ;M.::7 plurells 39 the computer and display of addressing as help get you started and a music program
45 80
1.48151 300 5625126 4 75 8224
7415758
7415908
65
60
MA15320
MM5330
9
5
95
94
5825129
5825131
4
4
95
95
6228
6151
1'
1
6
95
95
CRYSTALS
4 30
111311 Her
MAN1640
484610
LC
CA
30
40
9 50
10
20
an inexpensive option gives it an "easy to
and graphics target game. Many schools
7415935
7415955
75 904110.3 4,00 N825136 8 75 8253 15 DO 2MH;
MH,
sD MA8a640 LC 40 20
use" capability not available anywhere at and universities are using the Super Elf as
100 904110 -4 5 00 9815131 8 15 8255 15 5
4 25 M4N4710 CA 40 95
'4L5IO7N 45 P51011 8 95 098517 2 90 6251 ill 95 SAH, 05 MAN4 Le 40 20 a course of study. OEM's use it for training
741S1129 45 4200A 9 95 8223 3 50 8259 14 95
'0 MH7 4 25 1.14146640 LC 56
'

2 95
the price.
'8 MH1
741511381 45 82525 290 180209 PIA, 13 95 MAN6710 LA 60 35 and R &D. A monthly newsletter, Quest-
3
1

74551328 M 911024 50 INTERFACE 180209 Dlas 17 95 20 MHz 39U MA86740

74151365 50 000,65 S 6 95 809s 65 1B61P 950 12 MH7
32%68 117
CC 60 35
Inexpensive Expansion data is devoted exclusively to software for
745515171 75 MM57100 50 8096 1 00 KEYBOARDS
4 65 CDP1801cD 28 95
8432 MH,
74251555
741.015744
79
10
614538508, 995 809 65 coP18020 35 DO
5195 15'4,0
4 50 56 key ASCII
Em1y aaemnled
reypaaie .1 561 50
to 50
The Super Elf expansion capability is the Super Elf and there are many software
MCM66751A
1
8098 211
9 95 65 20p1116tP 1 95
,25 0100 MH,
151925
' 151639
10
10
9368
4100
3 50
10 00 r 4 50
2

2.091152 Ater
1

4
95
50
53 key ASCII key mono 51
assembled
60 00
DDD
virtually unlimited and you can do it inex- books available at low cost. You can do a
7415178 4576 MH1 4 50 Enclosure as6r
-515,9w
15 416 16 OD
88;;I
d Ou RESISTORS', *el 2168MH1 4w Metal Em,osure
14 95
29 95
pensively one step at a time. Expansion tremendous amount with the software
25 5 SO '0ce'IVe pl
N
4
25
00
8120
8724 J
1

50
10
25 pe, ,ye 015
100 per We 915
'3""'
943
1
4
50
50 includes cassette interface, additional available and there is more coming every
'4 8125 MaHH7 4 50
89
Br26
3 20
69
pe, Iepe 9'2 6 5516 Sc;r 100 M.Tea by Vern, IM sea to memory, color video, Basic, ASCII key- day. Of course, you can do your own
1

350 wee pack 4 31818 MH, speech synthesizer with unlimited

Linear CMOS and 7400 9128 275
6'S nesemery, eullpin loath speech board, printer, floppy, S -100 bus, RS232,
8197 169
5 on no( 18 431 Mn,
22 1154 MH] algorithm, 70 to 160 bits per see
programming which is fun and very
complete lines in stock. 8198 I 69 nan 5`. cet IrOe 05 50
one speech synthesizer 902320 etc. rewarding.
Send for catalog. hied`` 5345.00

Strong Software Support Free 14 Page Brochure

The Super Elf comes complete with power Send or call for a free brochure on all
Modem Kit $60.00 Video Modulator Kit $9.95
State of the art, orig., answer. No tuning neces- Convert TV set into a high quality monitor w/o supply and detailed 127 page instruction details and pricing of the Super Elf and its
sary. 103 compatible 300 baud. Inexpensive affecting usage. Comp. kit witch instruc. manual which includes over 40 pages of expansion. We will get it right out to youl
acoustic coupler plans included. Bd. Only
$17.00. Article in June Radio Electronics. Multi -volt Computer Power Supply
8v 5 amp, -18v .5 amp, 5v 1.5 amp, -5v 60 Hz Crystal Time Base Kit $4.40
Z80 Microcomputer Elf Il Adapter Kit $24.95
16 bit I /O, 2 MHz clock. 2K RAM, ROM Bread-
.5 amp. 12v .5 amp, -12V option. -_5v, -12v - Converts digital clocks from AC line frequency Plugs into Elf Il providing Super Elf 44 and 50 pin
are regulated. Basic Kit $29.95. Kit with chassis to crystal time base. Outstanding accuracy.
board space. Excellent for control. Bare Board plus S-100 bus expansion. (With Super Ex-
and all hardware $43.95. Add $4.00 shipping. Kit
$28.50. Full Kit $99.00. Monitor $20.00. Power pansion). High and low address displays, state
of hardware $14.00. Woodgrain case $10.00. Rockwell AIM 65 Computer and mode LED's optional $18.00.
Supply Kit $35.00. Tiny Basic $30.00
$1.50 shipping. 4K version $450.00

TERMS: $5.00 min. order U.S. Funds. Calif residents add 6% tax.
$10.00 min. BankAmericard and Master Charge accepted FREE: Send for your copy of our NEW 1981
S1 00 insurance optional
Postage: Add 5 %. C 0 D. $10 00 min. order OUEST CATALOG Include 48e stamp

CIRCLE NO. 59 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

116
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
MICROCOMPUTER MART RATE: 1" x 1 Column (1 -5/8 ") $150. -1/2" x 1 Column (1 -5/8") $225.00. 2" x 1 Column (1 -5/8 ") $300.00. GENERAL INFORMA-
1

TION: Frequency rates available. Payment must accompany copy except credit card -Am. Ex., Diners, MC, VISA (supply Expiration date)-or accredited ad agency
insertions. Orders are not acknowledged. They will appear in next available issue after receipt, Closing date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding cover date (for example,
April issue closes February 1st). Send order and remittance to MicroComputerMart, POPULAR ELECTRONICS, One Park Avenue, New York. NY 10016. Direct
inquiries to (212) 725-3485.

PENNSYLVANIA NEW HAMPSHIRE OHIO SCIENTIFIC NEW YORK

MICRO- COMPUTERS
DISTRIBUTORS FOR:
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Verbatim Hayward, CA 94545 The End of the Compromise
Etc microcomputirig (415) 782 -6110 We Have It
Call or Write
ERIE COMPUTER COMPANY - Ion IM w-s of tit. TR580'
SYNAPSE VIDEO
"Since the Beginning" For subscription Information writs to:
2131 W. 8th St., Erie, Penn. 16505 "o>.n P.O BOX 962 I N.Y., N.Y. 10009
(814) 454-7652 -Ask for Don Wolfe ILLINOIS (212) 860-5776

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LOWEST PRICES on
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ter, Ohio.

TRS -80
S -100 or other microcontracted OEM, best major credit (MCNISA/Amer. Express) NO C.O.D.
prices in the country. Complete systems
and large inventory of spare parts. Direct
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DUAL 8 INCH HEATH SYSTEM NOW Please Print Clearly or Type Copy in Space Below
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Texas Residents 915-697-0673
TESAS COMPUTEN SYSTEMS
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,r
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Dept. 67 1117 Conway Avenue
Mission, Texas 78572 PRINT NAME
Texas & Principle No. 512.581-2765
Telex Number 767339
sc11311111:11e
I Got The Ca,aloe Our low Rims ADDRESS
NEW Showroom /Warehouse Data Products Maintenance
2912 N. Main Ft. Worth, Texas 9460 Tels,,
El Monte, CA 91731
CITY STATE
Phone (817)625-6333 Telex 767339
(213) 350 -4191 (714) 994 -4180

MODEL MODEL III

TRS- 80UDISCOUNT
II

BUY DIRECT
We carry the full line of TRS -80 Computers. All
other software, furniture, and accessories at dis-
count from catalog price. We stock most items
rT
to assure you fast delivery and save you money.
WRITE FOR A FREE CATALOG
26.1061 4K $629.00
1- 800 -841 -0860 Toll Free Order Entry
I

$45900 DISCOUNT 26.1062 16K III 865.00

MICRO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INC.
Off List 26.1063 32K III
DEPT. NO. 1 2 2225.00
2 Drives, RS232
64K 1 DRIVE $3440.00 DOWNTOWN PLAZA SHOPPING CENTER
No Taxes on Our of Stare Shpmenrs SECOND AVE S.W.
115 C
CAIRO. GEORGIA 31728
Immediate Shipment On Most Items GA. 8 EXPORT PHONE NO (912) 3777120 lorgest Inntory i n S E .
U S A

CIRCLE NO. 49 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

117
SEPTEMBER 1981
 Electronics Classified
CLASSIFIED RATES: Per Word, 15 Word Minimum. COMMERCIAL: $3.00. EXPAND -AD': $4.50. DISPLAY: 1" x 21 /a ", $370.00.
2" x 21/4", $740.00. 3" x 21/4",
$1,110.00. GENERAL INFORMATION: Frequency rates and prepayment discounts available. Payment must accompany
order except credit card -Am. Ex., Diners,
MC, VISA (include exp. date) -or
accredited ad agency insertions. Copy subject to publisher's approval; must be typewritten or printed. First word set in caps. Adver-
tisers using P.O. Boxes MUST supply permanent address and telephone number. Orders not acknowledged. They will
appear in next available issue after receipt.
Closing date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding cover date (e.g., Mar. issue closes Jan. 1). Send order & remittance
to: Classified Advertising, Popular Electronics
Magazine, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Direct inquiries to Rose Lynch, (212) 725-7686.
FIBER OPTIC SPECIALS -100 foot spool of fiber $3.00 -
Sate11ite TV
FOR SALE Experimenter's kit $6.00- High Power LED with matched De-
tector $10.00- Data Link construction plans (detailed) $5.00.
FREE! Catalog - LED's, readouts, Poly Paks, Box 942PE Catalog with samples $1.00. FIBERTRONICS. Box 322 -A,

11,.,,,_,,_ ______ -
Lynnfield, Mass. 01940. Primos, PA 19018. FOR THE HOME
GOVERNMENT and industrial surplus receivers, transmitters Sick of Network TV?
snooperscopes, electronic parts, Picture Catalog 25 cents. Our receiver lets you get
Meshna, Nahant, Mass. 01908. Telephone Listening Device over 75 channels of tele-
vision directly from earth -
ELECTRONIC PARTS, semiconductors, kits. FREE FLYER. Record telephone conversations in your orbiting cable TV satel-
Large catalog $1.00 deposit. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS, office or home. Connects between any lites!: HBO, Showtime, su-
Bluffton, Ohio 45817. cassette or tape recorder and your per stations, sports and
telephone or telephone LINE. Starts movies worldwide.
RADIO -T.V. Tubes -49 cents each. Send for free catalog. automatically when phone is answered.
Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105. Records both sides of phoner,onversation.
Each
We don't just From offshore oil rigs,
Stops recorder when phone is hung up.
SAVE UP TO 50% on name brand test equipment. Free cata- This device is not an answering service. $18.95 sell information! data links to hotels
and backyard instal-
log and price list. Salen Electronics, Box 82, Skokie, IL 60077.
Super Powerful
OI/' Disc Arad
We Manufacture lations, we wrote the
Hardware! book. Constantly up-
TELETYPE EQUIPMENT: Copy Military, Press, Weather,
Amateur, Commercial Transmissions. Catalog $1.00.
Wireless Mic : dated, our 94 Page
technical information book and catalog gives you all
10times more powerful than other mics.
WEATHER-MAP RECORDERS: Copy Satellite Photographs, Transmits up to 1 mile to any FM radio. z, pqp, the facts. Inexpensive dishes, feeds, telem-
etry software, kits and more. Recom-

-
National -Local Weather Maps. Learn How! $1.00. Atlantic Easy to assemble kit. 15v battery (not incl.)
Call (305) 725 -1000 or sand $1e.95 $1.00 shipping per mended reading by NASA, The Office
Sales, 3730 Nautilus Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11224. Phone: (212)
Nam lo USI Corp- P.O. Box PE-2052, Melbourne, FL 32901. of Consumer Affairs and quality com-

v'-' -
372-0349. panies like Rockwell /Collins. Send

- -- -
COD's accept. For catalog of transmitters, voice scramblers
SOUND SYNTHESIZER KITS - Surf $19.95, Wind $19.95,
Wind Chimes $24.95. Musical Accessories, many more.
and other specialty items, enclose $2.00 to USI Con. $7.95 today!
CALL
24 -hrs. C.O.D. Motile*
Catalog free. PAIA Electronics, Box J14359, Oklahoma City. (305) 339-7600
OK 73114. CHEMICALS, Apparatus. Project Books, Wide Selection.
Catalog send $1.00 to Pioneer Corp.. 14a Hughey Street, SPACECOAST
RESEARCH CORPORATION
BUILD AND SAVE. TV EARTH STATION. DETECTIVE Nashua. NH 03060.
ELECTRONICS. TV De- Scramblers. Video Recorders, Color P.O. Box 442 -A, Altamonte Spgs, FL 32701
Cameras, advanced Telephone Projects. BROADCAST Elec- TEST EQUIPMENT, new and used. Catalog $1.00. PTI. Box
tronics. 50 page color catalog of unusual electronic projects 8756: White Bear Lake, MN 55110. ROBOT KITS, PARTS, MATERIALS BOOKS. Send $3 or
AIR MAILED $3.00; with 3 hour audio cassette dramatization subscription to catalog and newsletter. ROBOT MART, 19
QUALITY AUDIO COMPONENTS, Multi -Track Equipment. West 34th St., New York, NY 10001.
of our catalog $5.00. Don Britton Enterprises, PO Drawer G.
Programmable Calculators, Accessories. Competitive Pricing!
Waikiki. Hawaii 96815. FREE SPEAKER CATALOG! Woofers, mids, tweeters, hard-
Prompt Delivery! Knowledgeable staff! Service Facility! Credit
UNSCRAMBLERS FOR any scanner. Several models avail- Cards accepted. FREE catalog. SOUND IDEAS, Dept. SR, ware, crossovers, grille cloth, plans, kits, information, much
able. Fred literature. Capri Electronics, 8753T Windom, St. PO Box 340, Cary, N.C. 27511. -800- 334 -2483 (N.C. 919-
1
more. Discount Prices. Universal Sound, Dept PE, 2253 Ring -
Louis, MO 63114. 467-8462). ling Blvd.. Sarasota, FL 33577. (813) 953 -5363.

UNSCRAMBLERS, seven models available to decode police, SATELLITE TELEVISION ... HOWARD /COLEMAN boards
UNSCRAMBLE CODED MESSAGES from police, fire to build your own receiver. For more information write ...
ambulance, and fire coded transmissions. Other scanner de-
vices. Tone encoders /decoders. Telephone accessories, etc. and medical channels. Also telephone recording ROBERT COLEMAN, Rt. 3, Box 58 -APE, Travelers Rest,
Free Catalog, KRYSTAL KITS, Box 445, Bentonville, AR S.C. 29690.
adaptor. Same day service. Satisfaction guaran-
72712. (501) 273 -5340. SATELLITE TELEVISION RECEIVERS $300, dishes $100,
teed. Don Nobles Electronics, Inc. Rt. 7, Box 610 -A,
POLICE/FIRE SCANNERS, crystals, antennas, CBs, Radar LNA'S, downconverters. Catalog $5.00. Satellite Systems De-
Hot Springs, AR 71901. (501) 623 -6027. velopment, Box 184, Milpitas, CA 95035.
Detectors. HPR, Box 19224, Denver, CO 80219.
PCB as low as 15e sq -in. FREE DRILLING. International En-
PRINTED CIRCUIT supplies, chemicals, tools, artwork, plat- DECODE Morse and RTTY signals off the air with
terprise, 6452 Hazel Circle, Simi Valley, CA 93065.
ing solutions. Major credit cards. Catalog $2.00, refundable. our MORSE -A -WORD or RTTY READER. MORSE -A-
CIRCOLEX, Box 198, Marcy, NY 13403.
SUBSCRIPTION TELEVISION EDUCATION MANUAL! KEYER keyboard also available. Quality kits or fac-
RECONDITIONED TEST EQUIPMENT $1.00 for catalog. Two scrambling decoding systems, theory, circuits.
WALTER'S TEST EQUIPMENT, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA
tory wired. Call or write for details. MICROCRAFT,
94806, (415) 758 -1050. Decoder dealers listed. $14.95. Microwave Televi- Box 513PE, Thiensville, WI 53092. (414) 241 -8144.
NEW ELECTRONIC PARTS. Continuously stocked, Stamp
sion Manual: ABEX, P.O. Box 26601 -P5, $16.25. RF MODULATORS! Special versions for SATELLITE TELE-
brings catalog. Daytapro Electronics, 3029 N. Wilshire Ln., Ar- Kits available. Information package: $2.00. San VISION, COMPUTERS, CCTV. Also Monitors, Cameras, Kits.
lington Hts., IL 60004. FREE catalog. Phone (402) 987 -3771. Dealers welcomed.
Francisco, CA 94126.
ATV RESEARCH, 13 -P Broadway, Dakota City, NE 68731.
ELECTRONIC CATALOG. Over 4,500 items. Parts, & compo-
TELEVISION DOWNCONVERTERS and decoders $99.95 SPEAKERS in any room. No wiring. Up to 100 watts. For in-
nents. Everything needed by the hobbyist or technician. $2.00
up. Details for Stamp. GW Electronics, POB 688, Greenwood, formation send $3.95 to D to R Enterprises, 323 N. Brockway,
(U.S. funds) $4.00 Foreign Postage & handling, refundable
IN 46142.
with first $15.00 order. T & M Electronics, 472 East Main St., Palatine, IL 60067.
Patchogue, NY 11772. (516) 289.2520. TOP QUALITY SPEAKERS AND KITS. Send $2.00. Speaker SUBSCRIPTION TV DECODER KIT $39.00. Includes parts,
Warehouse, 809 North Route 441, Hollywood, FL 33021. manual, and etched board. Manual only $4.60. MICROWAVE
SPEAKERS SAVE 50%. Build your own speaker system.
Write: McGee Radio Electronics, 1901 McGee Street. Kansas TV DOWNCONVERTER KIT $169.00. Assembled $220.00.
LOWEST PRICES ELECTRONIC PARTS. confidential cata-
City, Missouri 64108. Catalog $2.00. J &W Electronics, P.O. Box 61, Cumberland,
log free. KNAPP, 4750 96th St. N.. St. Petersburg, FL 33708.
RI 02864.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS, your artwork. Quick delivery.
Reasonable. Atlas Circuits, Box 892, Lincolnton, NC 28092. CATCI
CATFI
I I'M VICIr%M AUDIO FREQUENCY GENERATOR. Digital readout. 15Hz-
(704) 735-3943. ITF VICIf1N I 50KHZ. No range switching. Vernier, Sine wave, T.T.L.

CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS AND CONVERTERS.

SATELLITE VISION square. Detailed plans $7.50. W O Digital readout $3.50.
P.C.B.'s and parts available. SCHROEDER ELECTRONICS,
We manufacture the highest spec Inviter data S video P.O. Box 171, Rolla, MO 65401.
dish in the world aldb gain! We also sell direct.
MICROWAVE ANTENNAS AND DOWN CONVERTERS. Immediate delivery or you pick up. Complete
details including satellite TV information, Btlr DIGITAL REVERS September 80 issue PE, PCB $18. Critical
Plans and parts. Build or buy. For information send aiming service and discount schedule. Send C1 IC's $23. Memory set $50. SASE for reprint. Videoart, Box
61.25 for postage a handling 01f%
$2.00. C &D Company, P.O. Box 21, Jenison, MI to: TIGER TENNAS 10327, Stanford, CA 94305.

49428.
P o. Boa 561
Cassalberry, Florida 32707 MICROWAVE DOWNCONVERTERS BUILT -
IN preamp -

-
SCRAMBLED TELEVISION Encoding /Decoding. New pub-
lication. Complete theory, circuits. $9.95. Workshop, Box
PICTURE TUBE REBUILDING equipment new and used.
ATOLL TELEVISION, 6425 Irving Park, Chicago, Illinois
highest gain. Downconverter board, plans - $15.00. Power
Supply Board, Plans - $5.00. Antenna Cookbook - $5.00. All
three for $20.00. MICRO ENGINEERING, P.O. Box 17231,
393PEJ, Bethpage. NY 11714. 60634. Minneapolis, MN 55417.

118 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

RF POWER TRANSISTOR - TUBE CATALOG FREE. NEW! Computerized anti -theft device for autos & RV's. Easily
MRF453 /MRF455A/SK1451 - $14.00; MRF454 /SRF2072r installed. Details -send stamp. Professional Mail Service, Box CABLE TV
MRF2769 - $17.00: MRF245 /MRF247 - $27.00; 2N4048 - 178, Old Bridge. NJ 08857.
$6.20; Exclusive Repair Center for PALOMAR PRIDE, etc.
Westcom, 1320 Grand, San Marcos, CA 92069. (714) 744-
TELEPHONE AND EQUIPMENT CATALOG -$2 Refund-
able. Telcom, 815 East Third, Dept. E, Beardstown, IL 62618.
500 PHILIPS 32 CHANNEL CABLE TV converters and VCR
programmers. $17,800 prepaid to your door. Sample $48.
0728.
Birnbom, 3655 Ridgewood, Suite 103. Montreal, Canada H3V
$10 ELECTRONIC BUG ZAPPER. 10.000 VOLTS. Plans $5.
Contemporary Concepts. Box 1381, Johnson City. Tennes- Enjoy Satellite TV Now 1B4. (phone 514- 739 -0614). (U.S. inquiries).

see 37601,
30 CHANNEL
CABLE TV
ELECTRONIC CONVERTER
ORGAN KITS ORDER No. 198AE047
Manuals
3 -4
THEATER and CLASSICAL
TCOI
PLATTSBURGH, N.Y.
ROUTE 9N,
12901
Refundable Parts Tal.: 15180 561 -8700.
Wurtitzer reproductions Brochure $2.00 Catalog S1.50
DEVTRONIX ORGANS, INC., Dept 20
6101 WAREHOUSE WAY, SACRAMENTO CA 95826 PLANS AND KITS

INEXPENSIVE CABLE TV Descramblers-Converters-

Better than Cable TV -Over 200 TV and radio
services. Why waste money? Learn the whole
EXPERIMENTERS! Ten Digital and Audio Circuit Ideas -
$7.00. Free Kit catalog. Waveform, 7 Bradford Ave.. Pitts-
Microwave Antennas! Exclusive catalog $2.00: story and build a video system the family can burgh, PA 15205.
ACM, Box 3431, Walnut Creek, CA 94598. enjoy. No commercials, FREE movies, sports FREE PHONE CALLS made daily by users of this simple
SCRAMBLED TELEVISION TUNERS. Wideband UHF tuner and Vegas shows -worldwide, crystal clear electronic device. Report and detailed plans sold for informa-
reception connects to any TV set. Big (8 x 11 in.) tion and education. $5.00. DISTRIBUTORS MART, Box 333,
converts all UHF to VHF channels. $28.00 plus $1.50 post-
age. Money order only. Quest, Box 1722, Costa Mesa, CA
92627.
book loaded with details, photos, kits
TELLS EVERYTHING! Satisfaction Guaranteed.
- Modena, NY 12548.

PRINTED CIRCUIT Boards from sketch or artwork. Kit pro-

PSYCHEDELIC LIGHT DRIVER. 3 channel, 200 watt/chan- jects. Free details. DANOCINTHS Inc.. Dept. PE, Box 261,
Send $8.95 TODAY! Add $2.00 for 1st class (air mail) or call
nel. Easy build. Kit: $24.95 plus $1.50 postage: Plans: $2.00 Westland. MI 48185.
our 24 hour C.O.D. rush order line (305) 862 -5068.
SASE. Quest, Box 1722, Costa Mesa, CA 92627.
GLOBAL ELECTRONICS, LASERS HANDBOOK with burning, cutting, Ruby Reds, CO's
complete plans, books, and parts. Send $4.00 to: Famco,
P.O. Box 219 -K, Maitland, Florida 32751 Dept. PE, Box 1902, Rochester, NH 03867.
ALL PURPOSE SHEAR Resistors 1/4W,1 W5 %C.F. 3cea. 1 %Metalfilms. IX Sockets. GIANT SCREEN TV projection system converts any televi-
Cuts metal up to .040" thick, LED's Diodes. Details from, JR INDUSTRIES, 5834-A Swan - sion into 7 -foot picture. Lens & instructions $14.95. (Dealers
12" wide; printed circuit lami- creek, Toledo. Ohio 43614. welcome). Bell Video, 4616 Belair Rd., Baltimore, MD 21206.
nates up to .093" thick. NEW! Computerized anti-theft device for autos & RV's. Easily
Precision fabricated in cast installed. Details -send stamp. Professional Mail Service, Box BUILD AN ORCHESTRA
178. Old Bridge. NJ 08857.
aluminum and hardened tool THE WAY
steel. Accessories available for hole $280. REMOTE CONTROL .... BSR SYSTEM - X -10 plug -in con- Preview the world's most advanced
trollers and timers turn lights and appliances on and off via re- Do- It- Yourself Organs, Pianos, Syn-
punching, notching, bending and F.O.B. mote modules. Same as Sears. Leviton. Radio Shack. LOW- thesizers, Amps, etc. Send $6.00 for
drilling. A versatile tool! Kepro plant EST PRICES NATIONWIDE - COMPLETE LINE including our famous "Sight & Sound" pack.
Telephone Responder Set, Battery Back -up Timer. FREE WERSI Electronics, Inc., Dept.M2,
VISA, MasterCard, American Express cards accepted.
LITERATURE, PRICE LIST. VISA /Master Card. Call: (801) P.O. Box 5318, 1720 Hempstead
Call toll -free 1 -800- 325-3878 328 -8855. Write: INTERFACE ELECTRONICS, 745 Pacific Rd., Lancaster, PA 17601.
(except in Missouri: 1-314-343-1630) Avenue, Salt Lake City, Utah 84104.
KEPRO CIRCUIT SYSTEMS, INC. UNIQUE TV DECODER plugs between UHF and VHF tuners
ATARI SPACE INVADERS is MORE FUN with the RAPID
on tube or solid -state sets. Plans $3.95: DECODER ANTEN-
630 Axminister Dr.. Fenton (St. Louis), Mo. 63026 FIRE Variation. Doesn't LIMIT YOU to FIRING ONLY ONE NA receives multi-polarized signals. Plans $3.95: Antenna Kit
LASER each time. APPLIES INSTANTLY!! NO MODIFICA- $19.95. Helico, P.O. Box 304, Bridgewater, MA 02324.
TION TO YOUR COMPONENTS! NOW SPECIALLY
ELECTRONIC BARGAIN! 35 new, guaranteed components, PRICED! $5.98 COMPLETE. BALIS, Box 522, Brooklyn, NY GRANT CLOCK KIT Plans $2.50. Microprocessor Trainer
data sheets and 22 project schematics. $5.00. Dirk, B5 Echols 11215. Plans $5.00. Complete List of Kits and Products FREE. Pac-
Court, Blacksburg, VA 24060. com, 3928 148th N.E., Redmond, WA 98052.
AMATEUR MICROWAVE T.V. ANTENNAS. T.V. Receive un- COMPUTER EQUIPMENT PLANS - Monophonic Organ Synthesizer $9.50. Kits available
interrupted movies, fully guaranteed. Also in kit form. For in- upon request. For information, SASE Mad 13, P.O. Box 6742,
SURPLUS COMPUTER PERIPHERALS: "Selectric" 1,0
formation send $5.00 to: MDS Specialist, P.O. Box 67, South- Concord, California 94524.
typewriter bargains. World's largest selection. Send 25e for
aven, MS 38671.

-
bargain- packed flyer. CFR, Box 144, Newton. NH 03858.
ANALOG Delay. Audio, and Music Synthesizer I.C.'s plus ROBOTIC CATALOG -MOTORS, gears, hardware,
more! Free Flyer. PGS Electronics, P.O. Box 735A, Terre INTERACT COMPUTERS Software, service. Best electronics, $3.00. Newsletter, $8.00 /yr. MOUDY
Haute, IN 47808. prices. Send for catalog: MICRO VIDEO, Box 7357, ELECTRONICS, R.D.2, Box 427 -P, Hollidaysburg, PA
SHORT WAVE, AMATEUR RECEIVERS, $50 - $350. Some Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107. 16648.
brand new. HALL. Rt 3, Box 281A, Staunton, VA 24401. (703)
363-5787. Details for SASE. SAVE 90% Build Your own Minicomputer. Free Details. Diga- TESLA COIL RESONANT TRANSFORMERS. 50,000V -
tek. 2723 West Butler Dr., Suite 20C, Phoenix, AZ 85021. 5,000,000 volts, 520W - 3,000 kilowatts, Arcs - 100 ". Illustrat-
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS. We can ship most boards from ed Construction manual includes: 5 Powerful coil plans (Tube,
your artwork in 7 days, or our designers can produce an USED COMPUTER TERMINALS. Printers, Moderns, Surplus
Electronic parts. Catalog $1.00. RONDURE COMPANY, THE Sparkgap), 25 high -voltage high- frequency experiments,
artwork from your schematic. Precision work, reasonable electrical theory, designing procedures, part suppliers. PLUS
prices, timely deliveries. Digitronics, P.O. Box 2494, Toledo, COMPUTER ROOM, 2522 Butler St., Dallas, TX 75235. (214)
630 -4621.
Nikola Tesla's Historical 100,000,000 volt standing -wave
Ohio 43606. 419 -473 -0985. magnifying transmitter. Ball Lightning Production ... Manual
300,LINES /MINUTE! Interface Any Parallel Port To Teletype $15.00. Information color photo $2.00. B&L Scientific. 215 W.
BALL BROTHERS HI -RES 12" TV Monitors. New. Great with
M40 Printer. Plans $7, Into $2. AMD Services, 3815B Wild First St., Suite 105.47G, Tustin, CA 92680.
Apple, TRS80 or Ham -TV, $150.00. Mario Klas, 215 Osceola
Rye. San Angelo, TX 76901.
Ave., Deer Park, NY 11729. (516) 242 -2321.
OSBORNE 1 (64K) - $1400. Atari 800 (16K) - $742. Free SUBSCRIPTION TELEVISION ON SYSTEMS SINE -
AIM your SATELLITE TELEVISION ANTENNA ACCURATE-
Catalog. GENERAL COMPUTER, Box 345. Melbourne. FL WAVE DECODER, 2300 mhz MICROWAVE DOWN -
LY using azimuth & elevation data computed for your location
32901. (305) 777 -5400.
ANYWHERE WORLDWIDE. Chart shows which of 44 satel- CONVERTER best systems available. Plans $10.00
lites are within your reception area. You will also receive our 9 SEVEN new unused mini -computer units. EACH includes col- each, both $15.00. NEGATIVE ION GENERATOR,
page booklet showing future launches, frequencies. formats. or display monitor, keyboard, disc drive. power pack, CPU,
antenna/feedline data, list of satellite TV suppliers. $10.00. Diablo by -type printer, more. CONSIDER any reasonable of- TELEPHONE MEMORY DIALER, Plans $4.00 each.
COMPUSAT, Cartographic Division. 643 South Route 83, fer. CLAREMONT Colleges, 747 N. Dartmouth, Claremont. PCB patterns included. Parts, kits available. For
Elmhurst, IL 60126. CA 91711. ATTN: R. Kemmerer.
more information, send $1.00. COLLINS ELECTRON-
GIVE AWAY FREE - ON -TV, Showtime, HBO, microwave GOLDCOAST COMPUTER CLUB! Thousands of programs
MDS, Converter /Decoders, and make money. Information $5 free! Heath, TRS80, Apple FREE DETAILS. Box 181. Bre- ICS, Box 6424, San Bernardino, CA 92412.
and SASE. DOT, Box 200E, Chicago Ridge, Illinois 60415. men, KY 42325 RADAR ULTIMATE! Your unit will override reflections of other
SATELLITE EARTH STATION - Build your own antenna for COMMODORE COMPUTERS. Disk drives, printers. Call for speed detection radars for 55 MPH indication. Complete
less than $200.00 with materials you can buy local. Complete low prices on lastest models. 802-658-6908. plans $10. D &S Research, P.O. Box 32592, Okla. City, OK
instructions plus material list. Any handyman can do it. Send 73123.
C.B. EQUIPMENT
today .$7.95 to: YOUNG SATELLITE SYSTEM, P.O. Box PROJECTION TV ... Convert your TV to project 7 Foot pic-
79089P, Fort Worth, TX 76179. GET MORE CB CHANNELS AND RANGE! Frequency Ex- ture ... Results equal to $2,500 projector ... Total cost less
PCB 150 sq -in free drilling. Satisfaction guaranteed. INTER- panders, boosters, speech processors, how -to- books, plans. than $20.00. PLANS & LENS $16.00. Illustrated information
NATIONAL ENTERPRISE, 6452 Hazel Circle, Simi Valley, modifications. Catalog $2. CB CITY, Box 31500PE, Phoenix, FREE. Macrocomca, Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania
AZ 85046. 18977. Creditcard orders 24 hours. 215- 736 -3979.
CA 93063.

119
SEPTEMBER 1981
 PHONICS AUDIO KITS. Straghtfonvard design. audiophile LEARN ELECTRONIC ORGAN SERVICING at home. Com-
specifications and inexpensive! Catalog $1.00. PHONICS. pletely revised course covers latest models including digital.
Box 55311, Indianapolis 46205. LSI's, synthesizers. etc. NILES BRYANT SCHOOL. PO Box
MECHANICALLY INCLINED INDIVIDUALS
FM STEREO TRANSMITTER KIT. Range up to ' mile. 20153, Sacramento, CA 95820. Assemble electronic devices in your home.
broadcast quality. 30 dB separation. 300 my input sensitivity. Knowledge, or experience not necessary. Get start-
Tunes 88-108 Mhz, highly stable. 50 out. Requires + -15V. ed in spare time. Above average profits. $300 -
Complete kit 89.95. MC VISA (213) 506-0415. Free info. PASS FCC EXAMS
STELLATRON, 4942 Whitset1-205, N. Hollywood, CA 91607.
PROFESSIONAL LIMITER-COMPRESSOR- EXPANDER
The Chrome! FCC Tests Answers exam manual
that prepares you at home for FCC First and
vestment -
$600Wk possible. Sales handled by others. No in-
Write for free details

KITS. Pro specs and features, balanced input, adjustable

Second Class Radiotelephone licenses. Newly ELECTRONIC DEVELOPMENT LAB
revised multiple chole seams cover all areas
threshold, slope (1:1 to 100:1). attack and release. Models tested on the actual FCC exam Plus - Box 1560PE, Pinellas Park, FL 33565
SellSludyAbrblyrest Proven' $12 95
from $79 and up. Rack mounting available. Free Info. STEL- postpaid MoneybacIr Guarantee
ERASE DEBTS with little -known law- create wealth'! Details
LATRON, 4942. Whitset -205. N. Hollywood. CA 91607.
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY DESIGN 5Amp. 5.30V. Techni-
con
Radio
M IID PRODUCTIOft$
rrq,n.e..rq O.,.,.on I P O Boo
San Francisco. CA
26348 P
94126
FREE -
Blueprints. No. EE9, LaGrangeviRe, NY 12540.

cal Manual. $4.50. Source Consultants. Dept PE -512. 250-2 BORROW $25.000 "OVERNIGHT.- Any purpose. Keep in-
South Orange. Escondido, California 92025. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY. home study. definitely! Free Report! Success Research. Box 29070 -GI, In-
Troubleshoot medical instruments. WTI. P.O. Box 124. Pine - dianapolis. IN 46229.
ELECTRONIC KITS - Featuring NASA's Powerfactor Control- dale. CA 93650.
ler that saves up to 40 on your electric bill. All kits use high- FREE BOOK 2042 Unique Proven Enterprises.- Fabulous
est quality glass boards. Easy to follow instructions. premium COLLEGE DEGREES BY SPECIAL EVALUATION of EXIST- "unknowns." second inflation income. Haylings -M. Carlsbad.
grade parts. RODCAR ELECTRONICS. 2720 Biloxi Lane. ING Credentials & Job Experience. Fast. Inexpensive. (614) CA 92008.
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MAILORDER OPPORTUNITY! Start profitable home busi-
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/MENTION 10003.
ALARMS ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS
Highly Effective Home Study 55EE Degree Pro- WANT YOUR OWN RADIO STATION? Investment /ex-
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LYLE CARTRIDGES, Dept. P. Box 69, Kensington Station. HAVE YOUR OWN BUSINESS! Unlimited growth! No experi-
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MAKE FRIENDS WORLDWIDE through international corre-
EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW but could
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around. Complete report pinpoints the very best small busi-
CORRESPONDENCE FOR FRIENDSHIP IN PHILIPPINES, ness opportunities for 1982. Research manuals provide com-
GOLD. Silver. Platinum, Mercury. Tantalum wanted. Highest MALAYSIA. Free information. AACC-(PE). Box 1542. Canoga plete details ... facts ... figures INCLUDING WHAT YOU
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90064.

TUBES Brooklyn. New York. 11235. 300o PROFIT on 2500 products. Send $2.00. REFUNDED.
Anthony Cole. River Road. Biddeford. Maine 04005.
RADIO & T.V. Tubes -49 cents each. Send for free Catalog. FOR INVENTORS PROJECTION TV ... Make $200.00 per evening assem-
Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego. Calif. 92105. bling Projectors ... Easy ... Results equal to $2.500 projec-
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plewood. Hammond. Ind. 46324. PATENT INFORMATION every inventor should have. Rich-
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18977. Creditcard orders 24 hours 215.736 -2880.
ard L. Miller, P.E.. 3612 -E Woolworth Building. New York. NY
TUBES -RECEIVING, Industrial and Semiconductors Factory
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list. Transleteronic, Inc.. 1365 39th St.. Brooklyn. New York MANUFACTURER SEEKING Patented. Unpatented Inven-
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very little investment. Satisfaction guaranteed. Send only
NW. Washington. DC 20036.
HUGE INVENTORY! Thousands of types. Wholesale prices. $7.95 cheque or money order to: = House of Maiorder. One
FREE CATALOG! ETCO Electronics. DEPT. 290. Platts- INVENTORS Patent your invention. Free initial consultation. St. Clair Ave.E., Dept E.. Toronto Ontario, Canada M4T 2V7
burgh, NY 12901. We are registered by the U.S. Government. VICTOR J. EV-
ANS & CO.. 4637 Eastern Ave.. N.E.. Washington. DC 20018.
Since 1898. REPAIRS & SERVICES
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS
TV TUNER REPAIR KIT. Alignment tools & cleaner repair
MANUALS for Govt Surplus radios. test sets. scopes. List INVENTIONS WANTED men use. $7.95 complete instructions. JW Electronics. Box
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YOUR
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BUY DIRECT FROM GOVERNMENT! 500.000 items (includ-

ing Jeeps)... low as 2e on dallar' Directory - $2.00. Disposal. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES RUBBER STAMPS
Box 19107 -HI. Washington. DC 20036.
FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning. refrigeration. RUBBER STAMPS, BUSINESS CARDS. Many new prod-
Tools. supplies, full instructions. Doolin. 2016 Canton. Dallas. ucts. Catalog. Jackson's. E 100. Brownsville Rd.. Mt. Vernon.
INSTRUCTION Texas 75201. Ill. 62864.

MECHANICALLY INCLINED individuals desiring ownership

UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY MAIL! Bachelors, Mas- of Small Electronics Manufacturing Business without in-
vestment. Write: BUSINESSES, 92-K9 Brighton 11th. Brook-
- BOOKS AND MAGAZINES
ters, Ph.D.'s. Free revealing details. Counseling,
lyn. New York 11235.
Box 317 -PE09, Tustin, California 92680. ELECTRONIC MUSIC and home recording in Polyphony
ATTENTION -T.V. MEN, related fields! HI- PROFIT LUCRA- magazine. Advanced applications, interviews. projects, com-
LEARN WHILE ASLEEP! HYPNOTIZE! Astonishing details. TIVE. YOU can rebuild CRT's for S3 to $10 when you own our puter music. Sample $2.00. Subscription (6 issues) $12.00
strange catalog free! Autosuggestion. Box 24-ZD. Olympia. patented equipment. Lakeside, 4071 Elston- Chicago, IL US$14.00 foreign. POLYPHONY. Box P20305, Okla. City,
Washington 98507. 60618. (312) 583 -6565. OK 73156.

120
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
LEARN HOW TO FORM, Finance, and operate virtually any
type business. Send $3.00 to: Information, Box 11215N, Fort
Worth, Texas 76110.
DO -IT- YOURSELF Popular Electronics
LOTTERIES make some people millionaires, so can micro- PRINTED CIRCUIT Boards with running water! ADVERTISERS INDEX
computers. New publication shows how. $5.00. NEO PUB-
LISHING, P.O. Box 1368, L.I.C., NY 11101. Technological breakthrough. Precise reproduction. RS no. ADVERTISER PAGE no.
Ideal for beginners. Free info. COVAL, Dept. PE9, 2 Albia Electronics 43
FREE CLASSIFIED AD WITH SUBSCRIPTION! Thousands
of electronic items for sale or trade each month. Only $5.00 (in 2706 Kirby, Champaign IL 61820. 3 All Electronics Corp. 100
U.S.) to Nuts & Volts, POB 1111 -P, Placentia, CAL 92670. 4 American Antenna 30
PATENT INVENTIONS YOURSELF. Free examination 100 5 Antenna Specialists 93
CALCULATOR POWER! Write NOW for free catalogue of cal- page book. Pay $5.00 later if satisfied. Send name, address: 7 AP Products 88
culator related books. Educalc, 27963A Cabot Road, So. La- "DO -IT- Yourself Patent Guide -PEY," P.O. Box 2774, Pitts- 6 Apple Computer Cover 2, 1
guna, CA 92677. burgh, PA 15230. 8 Arkon Electronics 108
SAVE $$$I Satellite Television Manual, Source Catalogue.
9 Audiomatic 98
10 Audio -Technica 101
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Dishes, receivers, complete systems. Design, programming.
Illustrations, photos. $4.95. Westcolony, Dept -D. Box 9471.
11 Bach Co. 102
Fresno, CA 93792.
13, 14 Belsaw 100, 101
ELECTRONICS /AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNI-
WELDING ALUMINUM? It's easy with the LUMIWELD Pro- 15 BSR (USA) Ltd. 33
TIES. Report on jobs now open. Details FREE. Aviation Em-
ployment Information Service, Box 240E, Northport. New cess. Designed for "Do- lt- Yourselfers ". Joins Aluminum to
Copper. No special skills or expensive equipment. Money - Classified Advertising 118 -121
York 11768.
back guarantee. For details: Send S.A.S.E. Dept. PE., ALU- Cleveland Institute of
JOBS OVERSEAS Big money fast. $20,000 to $50,000 plus
- MISMITHS Inc., P.O.B. 517, DeLand, FL 32720. Featured in Electronics, Inc. 34 -37
per year. Call 716- 842 -6200, ext. 1740. Pop. Sci. March, 1980. 1 Communications Electronics 96
16 Components Express 92
NATIONWIDE listings of major companies actively employing PROFESSIONAL GIANT SCREEN PROJECTION TV .. 17 Computique 108
ENGINEERS and TECHNICIANS. AVI. Box 264P, Buffalo, Don't be tooled by cheap imitations... Build the best!.. . Sim- 12 Cooper Group 25
NY 14215. ple Construction! ... FREE information! ... POLI -VISION. 18 Crown International 8
168E Dunmore St., Throop, PA. 18512.
19 DAK 9
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 74 DBX 38
HYPNOTISM 21 Digi -Key Corp. 109
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS' HOT LINE! Incredible prices: FREE Hypnotism. Self- Hypnosis. Sleep Learning Catalog!
23 Discwasher 2
Amps, PA gear. All instruments. Huge selection. Sam Ash,
73 Downlink 20
Drawer H400, Ruidoso, New Mexico 88345.
established 1924. 800-645 -3518. NYS: (212) 347-7757. 64 Dynascan Cover 3
MISCELLANEOUS 24 EICO 69
MOTION PICTURE /VIDEO 76, 77 Electronic Buyers Club 114, 115
MPG INCREASED! Bypass Pollution Devices easily. RE-
25 Electronic Specialists 102
VERSIBLY!! Free details- Posco GEE9, LaGrangeville, NY
27 Epson 42
VIDEOTAPES - 8MM /16MM MOVIES. TWO 72 page cata-
12540.
28 Escotch 97
logs $1.00. Both $1.50. Reelimages, Box 137 -PE, Monroe, 29 ETCO 87
Connecticut 06468. CHESTER THE CHIPS The "PET" IC! Complete story why he 30 Firestik 102
VIDEO CASSETTE RENTALS AND SALES. All ratings.
joined the circuits. Care, feeding instructions too. Lots of 22 Fluke 5
laughs. Only $1.99 while supply lasts. Maudko, 524 Montana,
BLANK TAPES, VIDEO games, COMPONENTS, BEARCAT
Havre, MT 59501. 31 Gladstone 82, 83
Scanners. Write: 20/20 VIDEO, Dept E, Box 60132, Chicago, 33 Global Specialties 74
IL 60660. AUTOMOBILE RE- TUNING For maximized economy. Details 34 Godbout Electronics, Bill 116
free! Techneering, Box 121910D, Norfolk, VA 23502. Grantham College of Engineering 102
AMATEUR RADIO 35 Hardside 94
todag CASSETTES 20, 37 Heath Co. 6, 7, 29, 80
RADIO AMATEUR CALLBOOKS Directories of Radio Ama-
teurs around the world. Write for FREE catalog. Radio Ama-
PSYCHOLOGY TODAY offers a free catalog which 38 Illinois Audio 108
includes a complete up-to date listing of cassettes 98
teur Callbook, Dept. PE, 925 Sherwood Dr.. Lake Bluff, IL 39 I msai
available. These tapes feature leading authorities 107
60044. who share their ideas and findings on a wide range
40 Integrated Circuits
of important topics in all areas of the behavioral and
PLAY YOUR TAPES, records, T.V. on any F.M. radio in your social sciences. 42 Jameco Electronics 110, 111
house - wireless - simple hook -up. Satisfaction guaranteed, To obtain the Psychology Today Cassette catalog. 43 JDR Microdevices 112, 113
$24.95. Port-o -Sound Co., Box 279A. Howard Beach, NY FREE -OF- CHARGE, write to: CASSETTE CATALOG. 44 J &R Music World 14
P.O. Box 278, Pratt Station, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11205.
11414. JS & A National Sales 11, 13, 15
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING ORDER FORM 46 Koss Corp. Cover 4
69 Live Via Satellite, Inc. 103
1 2 3 4 5 47, 48 Maxell 26, 56
51 MFJ Enterprises 98
6 7 8 9 10 Micro Ace 50
McGraw -Hill 70 -73
11 12 13 14 15 (MINIMUM) 52 McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. 97
MICROCOMPUTER MART 117
16 17 18 19 20 49 Micro Management Systems 117
71 M & M Electronic Sales 48
21 22 23 24 25
Nabih's 69
26 27 28 29 30 53 National Guard, Army 22
Natl.' Technical Schools 52 -55
31 32 33 34 35 Netronics, R & D Ltd. 45, 91
NRI Schools 16 -19
36 37 38 39 40
55 Olympic Sales 95
41 42 43 44 45 Omega Sales Corp. 60
46 47 as 49 50 56, 57 Poly Paks 95, 100
45 Prentice Hall 65
Please refer to heading on first page of this section for ad placement information:
59 Quest Electronics 116
COMMERCIAL: $3.00
Radio Shack 41
# OF WORDS # OF INSERTIONS
60 Sams Books 86
PAYMENT ENCLOSED S 61 Scientific Systems 103
American Express o Diners Visa MasterCharge- Interbank #
Scorpio 92
CHARGE: You will be billed monthly.
62 Shop Smith 44
Exp Date
26 Shure Bros. 23
Account # 70 Simple Simon Kits 103
SIGNATURE Sunshine Express 51

PRINT NAME 50 Tab Books 49

66 Tams 94
ADDRESS Thandar 66
CITY STATE 7lP 54 3-M 3
75 Trio -Kenwood 99
PE -981
68 Wabash Tape 24

121
SEPTEMBER 1981
 ELECTRONICSi
WORLD "Personal Electronics News
MUSIC, DANCE, AND OPERA video cassettes have been introduced by Dubs Video Corp. ( New
York, NY). Called " Kultur," the first releases include artists such as Jascha Heifetz, Marian
Anderson, and the Bolshoi Ballet. Future cassettes will continue emphasis on opera, classical
music, and dance. Price per cassette is in the range of $69.95

CLEANROOM REPAIR SERVICE FOR WINCHESTER DRIVES is available at four locations of

Shugart Associates: Hudson, MA; Milpitas, CA; Dallas, TX; and Munich, W. Germany. With what
it calls its "under- the -bubble" service, Shugart can unseal the drive's media chamber and
read write head assembly and make repairs, using a complete inventory of spare parts. The
repair turnaround goal is 30 days maximum.

A UNIFIED APPROACH TO VIDEOTEX STANDARDS has been taken by 26 European countries,

members of the European Conference on Posts and Telecommunications.The new basic
alpha- mosaic system has a high degree of compatibility with existing British, French and
German systems and will be able to receive serial and parallel transmission codes, not
requiring a space on the screen when attributes change. Additional features include: sixteen
colors, full-screen background color, black foreground color, double -width characters, and
underlining. The alpha-mosaic viewdata display system is one of two internationally recog-
nized systems-the other being alpha- geometric. In the former, displays are created from a
mosaic of dots, while the latter uses geometric lines, arcs, and circles.

COMPUTER PROGRAMS VIA SHORTWAVE RADIO will be part of an experimental broadcast by

Radio Netherlands (Dutch External Service ) on Thursday, September 10. The broadcast will
include, in English, an introduction to microcomputing and short computer program in three
machine -readable formats compatible with Radio Shack's TRS -80, Apple, and Commodore PET
computers. If the signal strength is sufficient in the listener's area, the station hopes that the
program can be recorded off the air onto cassette tape and played back on a home computer. If
the experiment is successful, the idea may be repeated on a regular basis. The broadcast, which
will be on the program "Media Network" and last 30 minutes, will be beamed to Eastern North
America at 10:47 EDT on 9,490 and 6,165 kHz, and to Western North America at 10:48 PDT on
9,715 and 6,165 kHz. J.isteners who hear the broadcast and try the computer program are
invited to report their results to: Computer Experiment, Media Network, Radio Netherlands,
Box 222, 1200 JG Hilversum, Holland.

A NEW SOLDER FLUX HAS BEEN DEVELOPED to replace natural rosin by Multicore Solders
(Westbury, NY). The new material (XERSIN) is claimed to leave residues that are much less
corrosive than rosin flux and that need not be removed from a pc board after soldering. Fluxing
action, however, is said to be comparable to and compatible with rosin. In addition, fumes
resulting from soldering are claimed to contain no aldehydes and are reduced to meet current
industry standards.

DOW JONES ADDS WALL STREET NEWS TO COMPUTER SERVICE. In July, the Dow Jones
News/Retrieval Service started to deliver transcripts of the half-hour PBS TV program "Wall
Street Week," hosted by Loi s Rukeyser. Cost to subscribers, who receive business and financial
news on command through standard time- sharing terminal or personal computers, is 50
cents per minute during business hours and 25 cents per minute evenings and weekends.
Transcripts of the program will be available the Thursday following broadcast, and three
previous programs will also be retained in the system.

ROBOTS THAT CAN INTERPRET what they "see" are the subject of a project at the University of
Southern California at Los Angeles. Scientists there are preparing computer "brains" for
"seeing eye" robots that may soon be performing precision work in military aircraft and
space-exploration vehicles. Currently, they are using the robots to perform such image -
enhancing tasks as taking the blur out of space exploration photographs, improving the
quality of medical x-rays and 3 -D brain and body scans, and deciphering fuzzy license plate
numbers and other photographic clues for law enforcement.
122
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
 Now- anyone can afford to stay in touch
with the newest Cobraphone...
It goes wherever you features the same full FM duplex system found
go- indoors or out -and on all Cobraphones: talk and listen as you would
with a conventional phone -no annoying push -
makes sure you receive calls to -talk buttons.
you might otherwise miss...
The CP -15S installs in seconds: just plug into the
With this new economical Cobraphone cordless nearest AC outlet and phone jack. That's all there
extension phone, you can stay in touch for less is to it!
than $100.00! And you can use it anywhere in and So visit your favorite retail,
department or elec-
around your home or even at your neighbors. tronics specialty store today. Ask to see the full
Uses for the new Cobraphone are limited only Cobraphone line. Then take home your choice
by your imagination: on the patio or at poolside; and enjoy al',] your activities -and still be in
in the yard, garage, or basement; in the sick- touch with everyone -anywhere in the world.
room, by recuperating patients or invalids; in a Write for free color brochure.
warehouse or on a construction site. Also use it
while watching TV -take calls without leaping
up from your favorite chair. Or leave it at your
next door neighbor's home, so they can answer
your phone while you're away
home security!
-a great aid to

You'll marvel at the outstanding quality of voice

(9br. phDre
communications on your Cobraphone. That's be- Conversation Loud and Clear
cause Cobra's famous power and quality make
Cobra Communications Product Group
sure conversation is "loud and clear" with your
DYNASCAN CORPORATION
Cobraphone -as with Cobra CB radios, And it 6460 W. Cortland St. Chicago, Illinois 60635
CIRCLE NO. 64 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 Finally, there's a speaker that lives up to its promise.
The Kossfire dual tweeter loudspeaker system.
Its about time a speaker at a reasonable pr ce lived up to has z lot of very promising things gcing for i:.. There's a
its promise. Not just in the bass and midrar ge. But in the linear phase constant voltage crossover network fo-
all- important treble range where power handling really seamless transition between drivers. There's a built -in
counts. Thais why we've designed the Kossfire /210 circuit breaker that automatically resets so no fuses are
loudspeaker with not only a 12 -inch woof- and necessary. There's a vertical alignment of
a 5 -inch midrange, but also with unique dual woofer, midrange and tweezer array for perfect
Kossfire tweeters that double the power han- stereo imaging. And there are separate con-
dling capability over the high frequency range tinuous level controls for midrange and treble
while virtually eliminating distortion. By placing response ranges. Not to mention, the Kossfire's
the Kossfire dual tweeters in the optimum beautiful pecan- veneer cabinet.
geometric alignment, we've created an ideal All in all, these 4- driver Kossfire speakers
horizontal listening plane that's remarkable in its were created to fill the void between loudspeak-
wide and uniform dispersion characteristics. ers that cost too much and those that promise
The result is an exciting 4- driver speaker system too much and deliver toc little. The superb
that won't make you choose between the high performance of Kossfire speakers will amaze
road and the low road. And that's a promise! you. But then, so will their price. And that's a
But then, the Kossfire /210 loudspeaker promise! 1980 Koss Corp.

KO SS Stereophones /Loudspeakers /Digital Delay Systems

hearing is believing'
Par Washington Avenue Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 Facilities. Canada. France, Germany, Ireland
INTERNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 4129 N

CIRCLE NO. 46 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD