Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 1
Chapter 7
Distributions of the Sample Mean and Sample Proportion
and Sampling Techniques
7.13 = 50, = 10, n = 64
a) P( x > 52):
x 52 50
z = = 1.6
10
n 64
from Table A.5, Prob. = .4452
P( x > 52) = .5000 - .4452 = .0548
b) P( x < 51):
x 51 50
z = = 0.80
10
n 64
from Table A.5 prob. = .2881
P( x < 51) = .5000 + .2881 = .7881
c) P( x < 47):
x 47 50
z = = -2.40
10
n 64
from Table A.5 prob. = .4918
P( x < 47) = .5000 - .4918 = .0082
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 2
d) P(48.5 < x < 52.4):
x 48.5 50
z = = -1.20
10
n 64
from Table A.5 prob. = .3849
x 52.4 50
z = = 1.92
10
n 64
from Table A.5 prob. = .4726
P(48.5 < x < 52.4) = .3849 + .4726 = .8575
e) P(50.6 < x < 51.3):
x 50.6 50
z = = 0.48
10
n 64
from Table A.5, prob. = .1844
x 51.3 50
z = 1.04
10
n 64
from Table A.5, prob. = .3508
P(50.6 < x < 51.3) = .3508 - .1844 = .1644
7.14 = 23.45 = 3.8
a) n = 10, P( x > 22):
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 3
x 22 23.45
z = = -1.21
3.8
n 10
from Table A.5, prob. = .3869
P( x > 22) = .3869 + .5000 = .8869
b) n = 4, P( x > 26):
x 26 23.45
z = = 1.34
3.8
n 4
from Table A.5, prob. = .4099
P( x > 26) = .5000 - .4099 = .0901
7.15 n = 36 = 278 P( x < 280) = .86
.3600 of the area lies between x = 280 and = 278. This probability is
associated with z = 1.08 from Table A.5. Solving for :
x
z =
n
280 278
1.08 =
36
1.08 = 2
6
12
= = 11.11
1.08
7.16 n = 81 = 12 P( x > 300) = .18
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 4
.5000 - .1800 = .3200 and from Table A.5, z.3200 = 0.92
Solving for :
x
z =
n
300
0.92 =
12
81
12
0.92 = 300 -
9
1.2267 = 300 -
= 300 - 1.2267 = 298.77
7.17 a) N = 1,000 n = 60 = 75 =6
P( x < 76.5):
x 76.5 75
z = = 2.00
N n 6 1000 60
n N 1 60 1000 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .4772
P( x < 76.5) = .4772 + .5000 = .9772
b) N = 90 n = 36 = 108 = 3.46
P(107 < x < 107.7):
x 107 108
z = = -2.23
N n 3.46 90 36
n N 1 36 90 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .4871
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 5
x 107.7 108
z = = -0.67
N n 3.46 90 36
n N 1 36 90 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .2486
P(107 < x < 107.7) = .4871 - .2486 = .2385
c) N = 250 n = 100 = 35.6 = 4.89
P( x > 36):
x 36 35.6
z = = 1.05
N n 4.89 250 100
n N 1 100 250 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .3531
P( x > 36) = .5000 - .3531 = .1469
d) N = 5000 n = 60 = 125 = 13.4
P( x < 123):
x 123 125
z = = -1.16
N n 13.4 5000 60
n N 1 60 5000 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .3770
P( x < 123) = .5000 - .3770 = .1230
7.18 = 99.9 = 30 n = 38
a) P( x < 90):
x 90 99.9
z = = -2. 03
30
n 38
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 6
from table A.5, area = .4788
P( x < 90) = .5000 - .4788 = .0212
b) P(98 < x < 105):
x 105 99.9
z = = 1.05
30
n 38
from table A.5, area = .3531
x 98 99.9
z = = -0.39
30
n 38
from table A.5, area = .1517
P(98 < x < 105) = .3531 + .1517 = .5048
c) P( x < 112):
x 112 99.9
z = = 2.49
30
n 38
from table A.5, area = .4936
P( x < 112) = .5000 + .4936 = .9936
d) P(93 < x < 96):
x 93 99.9
z = = -1.42
30
n 38
from table A.5, area = .4222
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 7
x 96 99.9
z = = -0.80
30
n 38
from table A.5, area = .2881
P(93 < x < 96) = .4222 - .2881 = .1341
7.19 N = 1500 n = 100 = 177,000 = 8,500
P( X > $185,000):
X 185,000 177,000
z = = 9.74
N n 8,500 1500 100
n N 1 100 1500 1
from Table A.5, prob. = .5000
P( X > $185,000) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000
7.20 = $65.12 = $21.45 n = 45 P( x > x 0 ) = .2300
Prob. x lies between x 0 and = .5000 - .2300 = .2700
from Table A.5, z.2700 = 0.74
Solving for x 0 :
x0
z =
n
x 0 65.12
0.74 =
21.45
45
2.366 = x 0 - 65.12 and x 0 = 65.12 + 2.366 = 67.486
7.21 = 50.4 = 11.8 n = 42
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 8
a) P( x > 52):
x 52 50.4
z = = 0.88
11.8
n 42
from Table A.5, the area for z = 0.88 is .3106
P( x > 52) = .5000 - .3106 = .1894
b) P( x < 47.5):
x 47.5 50.4
z = = -1.59
11.8
n 42
from Table A.5, the area for z = -1.59 is .4441
P( x < 47.5) = .5000 - .4441 = .0559
c) P( x < 40):
x 40 50.4
z = = -5.71
11.8
n 42
from Table A.5, the area for z = -5.71 is .5000
P( x < 40) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000
d) 71% of the values are greater than 49. Therefore, 21% are between the
sample mean of 49 and the population mean, = 50.4.
The z value associated with the 21% of the area is -0.55
z.21 = -0.55
x
z =
n
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 9
49 50.4
-0.55 =
42
= 16.4964
7.22 p = .25
a) n = 110 P( p < .21):
p p .21 .25
z = = -0.97
pq (.25)(.75)
n 110
from Table A.5, prob. = .3340
P( p < .21) = .5000 - .3340 = .1660
b) n = 33 P( p > .24):
p p .24 .25
z = = -0.13
pq (.25)(.75)
n 33
from Table A.5, prob. = .0517
P( p > .24) = .5000 + .0517 = .5517
c) n = 59 P(.24 < p < .27):
p p .24 .25
z = = -0.18
pq (.25)(.75)
n 59
from Table A.5, prob. = .0714
p P .27 .25
z = = 0.35
pq (.25)(.75)
n 59
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 10
from Table A.5, prob. = .1368
P(.24 < p < .27) = .0714 + .1368 = .2082
d) n = 80 P( p > .30):
p p .30 .25
z = = 1.03
pq (.25)(.75)
n 80
from Table A.5, prob. = .3485
P( p > .30) = .5000 - .3485 = .1515
e) n = 800 P( p > .30):
p p .30 .25
z = = 3.27
pq (.25)(.75)
n 800
from Table A.5, prob. = .4995
P( p > .30) = .5000 - .4995 = .0005
7.23 p = .58 n = 660
a) P( p > .60):
p p .60 .58
z = = 1.04
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
from table A.5, area = .3508
P( p > .60) = .5000 - .3508 = .1492
b) P(.55 < p < .65):
p p .65 .58
z = = 3.64
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 11
from table A.5, area = .4998
p p .55 .58
z = = 1.56
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
from table A.5, area = .4406
P(.55 < p < .65) = .4998 + .4406 = .9404
c) P( p > .57):
p p .57 .58
z = = -0.52
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
from table A.5, area = .1985
P( p > .57) = .1985 + .5000 = .6985
d) P(.53 < p < .56):
p p .56 .58 p p .53 .58
z = = -1.04 z = = -2.60
pq (.58)(.42) pq (.58)(.42)
n 660 n 660
from table A.5, area for z = -1.04 is .3508
from table A.5, area for z = -2.60 is .4953
P(.53 < p < .56) = .4953 - .3508 = .1445
e) P( p < .48):
p p .48 .58
z = = -5.21
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
from table A.5, area = .5000
P( p < .48) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 12
7.24 p = .40 P( p > .35) = .8000
P(.35 < p < .40) = .8000 - .5000 = .3000
from Table A.5, z.3000 = -0.84
Solving for n:
p p
z =
pq
n
.35 .40 .05
-0.84 = =
(.40)(.60) .24
n n
0.84 .24
n
.05
8.23 = n
n = 67.73 68
7.25 p = .28 n = 140 P( p < p0 ) = .3000
P( p < p0 < .28) = .5000 - .3000 = .2000
from Table A.5, z.2000 = -0.52
Solving for p0 :
p 0 p
z =
pq
n
p 0 .28
-0.52 =
(.28)(.72)
140
-.02 = p0 - .28
p0 = .28 - .02 = .26
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 13
7.26 P(x > 150): n = 600 p = .21 x = 150
150
p = = .25
600
p p .25 .21
z = = 2.41
pq (.21)(.79)
n 600
from table A.5, area = .4920
P(x > 150) = .5000 - .4920 = .0080
7.27 p = .48 n = 200
a) P(x < 90):
90
p = = .45
200
p p .45 .48
z = = -0.85
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200
from Table A.5, the area for z = -0.85 is .3023
P(x < 90) = .5000 - .3023 = .1977
b) P(x > 100):
100
p = = .50
200
p p .50 .48
z = = 0.57
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200
from Table A.5, the area for z = 0.57 is .2157
P(x > 100) = .5000 - .2157 = .2843
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 14
c) P(x > 80):
80
p = = .40
200
p p .40 .48
z = = -2.26
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200
from Table A.5, the area for z = -2.26 is .4881
P(x > 80) = .5000 + .4881 = .9881
7.28 p = .19 n = 950
a) P( p > .25):
p p .25 .19
z = = 4.71
pq (.19)(.89)
n 950
from Table A.5, area = .5000
P( p > .25) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000
b) P(.15 < p < .20):
p p .15 .19
z = = -3.14
pq (.19)(.81)
n 950
p p .20 .19
z = = 0.79
pq (.19)(.89)
n 950
from Table A.5, area for z = -3.14 is .4992
from Table A.5, area for z = 0.79 is .2852
P(.15 < p < .20) = .4992 + .2852 = .7844
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 15
c) P(133 < x < 171):
133 171
p1 = = .14 p2 = = .18
950 950
P(.14 < p < .18):
p p .14 .19 p p .18 .19
z = = -3.93 z = = -0.79
pq (.19)(.81) pq (.19)(.81)
n 950 n 950
from Table A.5, the area for z = -3.93 is .49997
the area for z = -0.79 is .2852
P(133 < x < 171) = .49997 - .2852 = .21477
