LAB 2 - ( TITRATION )
INTRODUCTION
Acid base titration is an experimental procedure used to determined the volume of
titrant needed to neutralizes the solution of analyte. Acid and base titration used Arrhenius
theory. Acid produce hydrogen ions and base produce hydroxide ions in a solution. A
standard solution of titrant ( NaOH ) in a burette is applied to react with an analyte (
CH3COOH ). For acid base titration, a pH indicator is added in the analyte solution to
indicate the equivalence point of the titration. pH also can be monitored using a pH meter
instead of adding pH indicators. In this experiment, the equivalence point can be obtained by
plotting a graph pH vs volume of titrant. In this experiment, the equivalence point occurs at
the point when the pH is rise rapidly. The equivalence point will be used to obtain the moles
of titrant, and the acid dissociation constant, Ka.
OBJECTIVES
To determined the concentration of analyte ( acetic acid & phosphoric acid )
To determined the value of acid dissociation constant, Ka
METHODOLOGY
(PART A)
1. First, we calibrate the pH meter using buffer of pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10
2. Next, we filled the burette with 0.1M NaOH and 25 mL of 0.1M CH3COOH into 250
mL beaker.
3. Then, we added 3 drops of phenolphthalein as an indicator.
4. The titration process begin by adding NaOH titrant in 2 mL increments.
5. Every 2 mL of titrant added, we measured the pH of the analyte using pH meter.
6. This process are carried until we got the equivalence point.
7. Lastly, we transfered the pH/volume data to an Excel file to get the value of pKa and
Ka from the graph.
(PART B)
The steps are same with different acid which is phosphoric acid.
RESULT
A) Titration of monoprotic acid ( acetic acid, CH3COOH )
Volume of NaOH added pH value
0 3.18
2 3.67
4 3.90
6 4.09
8 4.37
10 4.53
12 4.73
14 4.90
16 5.08
18 5.38
20 6.06
22 11.27
24 11.70
26 11.90
28 12.04
B) Titration of polyprotic acid ( phosphoric acid )
Volume of NaOH added pH value
0 1.50
2 1.55
4 1.58
6 1.65
8 1.72
10 1.75
12 1.79
14 1.92
16 1.93
18 1.96
20 2.05
22 2.12
24 2.23
26 2.32
28 2.38
30 2.49
32 2.55
34 2.82
36 3.07
38 3.43
40 5.15
42 5.75
44 5.98
46 6.17
pH VS Volume of NaOH
14
12
10
8
pH Value
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
pH VS Volume of NaOH
7
4
pH Value
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
CALCULATION
Part A
Equation : NaOH + CH3COOH H2O + CH3COOH- Na+
VEP = 21 mL = 0.021 L
Moles of titrant = volume of titrant concentration of titrant
= 0.021 L 0.1 mol/L
= 2.1 10-3 mol
Concentration of analyte =
2.1 103 mol
=
0.025
= 0.084 M
pH = pKa = 4.1
pKa = -log Ka
-log Ka = 4.1
Ka = 7.94 10-5
[]
pH = pKa + log []
0.084
= 4.1 + log
0.1
= 4.02
Part B
Equation : NaOH + H3PO4 H2O + NaH2PO4
VEP = 39 mL = 0.039 L
Moles of titrant = volume of titrant concentration of titrant
= 0.039 L 0.1 mol/L
= 3.9 10-3 mol
Concentration of analyte =
3.9 103 mol
=
0.025
= 0.156 M
pH = pKa = 2.1
pKa = -log Ka
-log Ka = 2.1
Ka = 7.94 10-3
[]
pH = pKa + log []
0.156
= 2.1 + log
0.1
= 2.29
DISCUSSION
Titration is an experimental techniques used to determined the concentration or the number of
moles of a substance. In either case, it is used to determine the equivalence point of the
titration which is showing that enough titrant has been added to the analyte solution. As we
know, in titration process, the main reaction is the neutralization. In this experiment,
equivalence point will be used to obtain information about the Ka of the acid.
For this experiment, it has 2 parts of titration. In part A, we perform titration of monoprotic
acid, ( acetic acid ) with NaOH while in part B, titration of polyprotic acid ( phosphoric acid )
with NaOH. In both parts we added the NaOH titrant in 2 mL increments and for each 2 mL,
we got the pH reading.
After we plotted the graph pH vs volume of NaOH added, we calculated the value of pKa and
Ka of the acid being titrated. From the calculation, the Ka value for acetic acid is 7.94 10-5
and its pKa value is 4.02. The graph show that the pH is 4.1. there is not much difference
between the experimental graph and theoretical calculation. Meanwhile the Ka for phosphoric
acid is 7.94 10-3 and its pKa value is 2.29. From the graph, it show that the pH is 2.1. we
can say that the pH for acetic acid which is monoprotic acid is higher than phosphoric acid
which is polyprotic acid.
While doing this experiments, some precautions should be taken. Firstly, before taking an
initial reading, air bubble that present in the nozzle of the burette must be removed. To get an
accurate reading, we must keep our eye in level of the liquid surface while taking the burette
reading. Moreover, while titrating, the conical flask must be swirled constantly to ensure the
solution mixed evenly.
CONCLUSION
A titration is a valid form and and effective method measuring the amount or volume of
reagent to react quantitatively with the solution sample. In this experiment, acetic acid and
phosphoric acid was analyzed by titration with NaOH to determine its equivalence point and
calculated the acid dissociation constant, Ka. As the volume of NaOH added increase, the pH
of the analyte solution increase.
REFERENCES
1. www.titrations.info/titration-basic-terms
2. https://www.khanacademy.org/.../titrations.../acid-base-titration
3. https://www.slideshare.net/.../chemistry-report-final
PICTURES
Set up apparatus for titration perform the titration
Reading pH meter Result of titration
