Different floorings and their Application,

Characteristics and Maintenance

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
RAJARATA UNIVERSITY OF SRILANKA
MIHINTALE
 Group Contributory Sheet

Assignment topic : Different floorings and their Application,

Characteristics and Maintenance
Group Leader’s Name : Buddhi Hettiarachchi
Contact Number : 0788997164 / 0712092765

Name of the student Index Reg. Number Signature

Number

Buddhi Hettiarachchi MGT/3315 MGT/THM/2012/2013/013

S. Jayakeerththi MGT/3316 MGT/THM/2012/2013/014

K. Selveswaran MGT/3331 MGT/THM/2012/2013/035

A.R.M. Uwais MGT/3323 MGT/THM/2012/2013/025

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 Preface

This report on “Different floorings and their Application, Characteristics and

Maintenance” includes a comprehensive description about different varieties of
floorings which is widely used industrially and domestically and their uses in
different places, Characteristics, cleaning & maintenance procedures.

Through the assignment we could gain a good knowledge on the particular area.

The success and the final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and
assistance. We would like to make this opportunity to thank all those who helped
us in numerous ways.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards the lecturer of

Management Faculty of Rajarata University on “Advanced Accommodation
Management” Ms. D.M.M.I. Dissanayakefor encouraging us on a practical
evaluation.

We wouldalso thank to our friends who always gave support.

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 FLOOR

Structural base which is made to provide a level surface is defined as floor.

It is a horizontal sanitary surface that supports the occupants of a building, furniture and
equipment.

STRUCTURE OF A FLOOR

The floor is divided into 3 components mainly

 Sub base
 Base concrete
 Floor finish (Floor Covering)

FLOORINGS

Floor covering is a term to generally describe any finished material applied over a floor
structure to provide a walking surface.

Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of
installing such a floor covering. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering
refers more to loose-laid materials.

Floorings generally outlast than other furnishings, so many decorative arrangements have
to be planned to fit in the existing floor. In Selection of Flooring material special attention
should be given to following areas.

 Cleanliness- The flooring should be capable of being cleaned easily, and it should
be non-absorbent.
 Moisture proof- Should have effective resistance against absorption of oil, grease
etc.
 Durability - The flooring should have enough resistance to wear, temperature
changes and breakages with time and decay. Tiles, marble, terrazzo, concrete,
mosaic etc. are considered to be the best types.
 Hardness- It should be adequately hard to resist scratches, imprints etc. likely to be
caused by shifting of furniture, equipment etc.
 Maintenance - Flooring material should require least maintenance, repairs can be
done easily. Tiles, marble, terrazzo, concrete etc. require less maintenance.

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  Slip Resistant - Almost any facility or business has to be made safer for employees,
clients, customers or visitors with slip resistant floors. Some of the facility types in
which slip resistant flooring and coatings are particularly critical include Hospitals
and clinics, Food and beverage processing plants, Retail and grocery stores,
Restaurants, hotels, casinos and other hospitality locations, Airports and other
transport terminals, Schools and universities…….

 Antimicrobial and Antibacterial - A defense system that helps limit the growth of
organisms is very much important, especially for facilities with high standards for
sanitation and hygiene.

TYPES OF FLOORING
o Carpets and rugs
o Vinyl flooring
o Wooden flooring
o Stone flooring
o Brick flooring
o Glass flooring
o Tile Flooring

A. Carpets and rugs

The terms “carpet” denotes a large floor covering that can be cut to suit any room.
The “rug” means a loose-laid piece of size and design determined by the maker.
Carpeting offers warmness and softness underfoot and is often economical than other
flooring options. Carpeting is also a good sound absorber. Covering whole floors may be
left to the professionals, but carpet tiles are also available and easy to lay. Carpet tiles can
be installed in minutes and one damaged tile can be easily replaced.

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Flat Weave Rugs & Carpets

In Flat weave rugs and carpets color changes are achieved by weaving the stripes. There
are two basic threads “The wrap” & “The weft”.

Pile Rugs & Carpets

Generally made traditional pattern and 3 types of threads are used
I) the wrap ii) the weft iii) the pile
Mostly produced in: Pakistan,India,turkey,Iran,morocco and Spain.

Mechanically Produced Carpet

This is the most widely used and most economical type of carpet. It is combination of
wool and artificial fibers and usually made in highest grade 80/20 wool/nylon blend.

Available in plain & variety of colors

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Cleaning Procedure for Carpets
Method 1: Vacuuming

 Prepare the room to be vacuumed. Pick up any papers, litter or other materials
that will block the passage of the vacuum cleaner.
 Check for small items like coins that might damage the mechanism. Remember
to look underneath furniture.
 Dust the blinds, furniture, shelves, and baseboards first. The falling dust can
then be vacuumed up.
 Use a nozzle attachment to clean “hard to reach areas”. The ends of the carpets
and the baseboards often collect dust which should first be removed.
 If furniture cannot be moved, use the extensions to reach under sofas and other
items to remove dust.
 Vacuum both horizontally and vertically. First vacuum the whole room forward
and back, then repeat the identical process going left to right. Carpet fibers are
naturally twisted, and by going both directions cleaner can ensure that every
part of the fiber has been reached.

Method 2: Spot Cleaning

 Use a clean white cloth. Rags that have designs or have been colored may
transfer the color to the carpet, making the problem more complex. Paper towels
that don’t have patterns may also be a suitable solution.
 Be sure to first blot new stains dry with a clean white cloth. Use an additional
clean white cloth when removing the stain left behind after you blot. Do not use
bristles or brushes as these can harm the fibers of the carpet leaving worn carpet.
 Pick the correct carpet cleaner. There are a variety of commercial carpet
detergents available. They normally come in spray bottles or cans to make spot
cleaning easier. While there are many "all purpose" removers to choose from,
read the label to decide if a particular cleaner is right for the stain and carpet type.

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Method 3: Shampooing

 Prepare the room to be cleaned. If possible, remove all furniture. For large or
heavy items that cannot be removed, place plastic bags under the legs of the piece
to protect it from water damage.

 Prepare the carpet. Vacuum thoroughly, first in forward and back then left to
right. Make sure to avoid ignoring corners and crevices.
 Plan the exit strategy carefully. Once the carpet has been cleaned no one should
walk on it until it has dried. Be careful not to clean yourself into a corner! Begin
at the area furthermost from the door and work your way out.

 Prepare the solution according to the directions on the bottle. Some cleaners
come with shampoo. In general, you will fill the water container on the machine
with water and a small amount of detergent.
 Remove your shoes. The damp carpet will attract further dirt and the work will be
undone if you wear dirty shoes while cleaning. Instead, wear socks or put plastic
bags over the feet or shoes.
 Allow the extractor to pull up as much water as possible. If the carpet stays too
wet, or if water soaks through to the carpet pad, it can lead to mold and mildew.

 Allow the carpet to dry fully by ventilating the area. Leave windows and doors
open to allow for free air circulation. Make sure that the carpet dries completely
within 24 hours for mold prevention. Any combination of carpet dryers, fans,
blowers, dehumidifiers, and air movers may also be used to encourage fast
drying.

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 B. Vinyl flooring
Vinyl composition tile (VCT) is a finished flooring material used mainly in commercial
and institutional applications. Vinyl floor tiles are one of the most multipurpose floors
available. It is quiet and warm underfoot, easy to clean like other hard surfaces. Vinyl tiles
are composed of colored vinyl chips formed into solid sheets of varying thicknesses by
heat and pressure and cut into squares.

Tiles are applied to a smooth, leveled sub-floor using a specially formulated vinyl
adhesive. Tiles are typically waxed and buffed using special materials.

Characteristics

 Vinyl flooring is water resistant and provides a great support to the feet.

 It is eye-catching in appearance.

 This type of flooring is quick to install and replace, so you can change it as and
when you so desire, without much trouble

 One of the main benefits of vinyl flooring is that it is easy to install and cost
effective and durable as well.

 the maintenance cost as well as effort is quite low

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 Cleaning Procedure for Vinyl flooring

Step 1: Sweep often or Vacuum

Step 2: Get the correct cleaning solution

While simple soap and water is OK for vinyl flooring, using a vinyl floor cleaner intended
for the material will help it last longer and keep its good-looking appearance.

Step 3: Mop

Mop as you usually would using specific cleaning solution. Make sure not to dump too
much liquid on the floor by soaking out the sponge first. Avoid scrubbing too hard to
prevent damage.

Avoid heat: Do not use a steam mop or hot water when cleaning your floor, as heat can
warp vinyl. Stick to a hand mop and use warm water.

Step 6: Rinse and dry well

Although vinyl tile flooring can look quite different than plank flooring, and you may have
had to use a different installation technique, the two are very similar. In fact, you can use
the same steps for cleaning a vinyl plank floor when cleaning a vinyl tile floor. Follow the
above steps, and remember these tips for cleaning all vinyl flooring.

While many vinyl floors are water-resistant, you should still be conventional with your
cleaning liquids. Water can seep between the tile joints and loosen the glue beneath.

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 C. Wooden flooring

Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for use as
flooring. Wood is a common choice as a flooring material and can come in various styles,
colors, cuts, and species. This is a very old type of floor but it has never been outdated.
This type of flooring is generally used for special purpose floors

Ex: - auditorium, hospital etc.

There are different types of wooden floorings available

1 - Bamboo - Bamboo flooring is made from the fast growing bamboo. As a flooring
material bamboo is durable and dense, and wears as well as maple and oak. The natural
density reduces the need to refinish as often as hardwood. Milled like hardwood, with a
tongue and groove on all four sides, bamboo is easy to install.

2 - Cork - It is a natural material obtained from the outer bark of cork oak tree. It is
available in the form of colored tiles or sheets. This type of flooring is not commonly used
in Asian Countries. Cork is a renewable sustainable resource and is known for its shock-
absorbing comfort underfoot, as well as its vibration and sound dampening qualities. Cork
also has insect-resistant and anti-allergenic properties. Often available in tiles, cork can be
installed as a floating floor or glued down.

3 - Hardwood - Hardwood flooring is durable and made of solid wood all the way
through. Wood choices include maple, oak, cherry, hickory, white ash, Mongolian teak,
acacia and alder.

4 - Engineered Wood - Similar in appearance to

hardwood, engineered wood flooring is built
differently. Unlike solid hardwood, engineered
wood has three to seven layers laminated or glued
together. More resistant to moisture.

5 - Laminate flooring - Laminate flooring is

created by fusing several layers of material
together. The core is made of either high density
or medium density fiberboard. Laminate flooring
is stain, scratch and fade-resistant. Laminate copies the look of hardwood and more
recently has been made to resemble stone and ceramic tile.

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Advantages of wood Flooring:

 Wood floor improves its grace over a period of time due to ageing.

 Hardwood floors are healthiest floors possible given its organic origin and non-
electromagnetic nature tend to attract less dust. Hence they do not attract allergens,
or molds that cause allergies which tend to travel with dust. It is recommended to
use by doctors all over the world.

 They are hard and are less prone to damage when compared to engineered and
laminated floors in the event any heavy object falls on the same.

 The laying of hardwood is easy and since the planks are reasonably thick it can
manage slight indifference in floor height compared to the less thick laminates.

 Wood floors are easier to clean than carpets.

 Wooden flooring is considered eco-friendly because of improved timber harvesting

methods

Disadvantages of Hardwood Flooring:

 The hardwood floors require regular polishing every 3-4 years to maintain its finish
especially if it is high traffic area.

 They also require regular maintenance to prevent termite attack and other insects

 Hardwood flooring will be damaged in the event of any water seepage. While
regular moping with wet cloth is permitted but makes sure water is not dripping
from the mop.

 Hardwood floor’s finish is susceptible to scratching from heavy traffic, high heeled
foot wears or pet nails.

 The main disadvantage of hardwood flooring is its cost. Also, it’s not just the
materials wood flooring is also difficult to install and requires specialized help.

 Depending on the temperature and humidity, hardwood is known to expand or

contract.

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Cleaning Procedure for Wooden flooring

1. Clear the floor

Clear the floor area of any furniture that’s easy to move.

Tip: Invest in furniture pads—they make moving furniture much easier, and
prevent wood floors from getting scuffed.

2. Dry-mop or vacuum floor

This gets rid of all surface dirt and debris.
3. Mop floor, going with the grain
If floors are polyurethane, dampen a mop with water and a few drops of
dishwashing liquid. Be sure to ring out the mop thoroughly before using it on
the floor. Run the mop back and forth, going with the grain of the wood in
smooth strokes.

Tip: If floors are lacquered or

shellacked, don’t use water, which can
stain the wood and cause buckling. Do
not use vinyl or tile cleaning products on
wood floors. Self-polishing acrylic
waxes cause wood to become slippery
and appear dull quickly. Do not wet-mop
or steam mop a wood floor. Water and
steam can dull the finish and even
damage the wood

4. Buff floor with a cloth

To lift soapy residue after mopping and make the floor shine, hold a soft cloth
in hand and use it to rub the floor gently in a circular motion.

Tip: Cloth diapers work well for buffing, because they’re very soft and
absorbent.

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 Tips for maintaining wood floors

1. Use throw rugs at doorways to help prevent debris from being tracked in
and scratching the floor.
2. Do not over-wax on a wood floor. If a wax floor dulls, try buffing instead.
Avoid wax buildup under furniture and other light traffic areas by applying
wax in these spots every other waxing session.
3. Put stick-on felt protectors under the legs of furniture to prevent scuffing
and scratching. Replace these often as dirt and debris can become imbedded
on the pad and act like sand paper on the flooring surface.
4. When moving heavy furniture, do not slide it on wood flooring. It is bes t to
pick up the furniture to move it and to prevent scratches.
5. For wood flooring in the kitchen, place an area rug at the kitchen sink.
6. Wipe up spills immediately with a slightly dampened cloth.
7. Exposer to the sun can cause the wooden floor to warp, or change color. So
use appropriate sun-blocking drapery in the room with wooden flooring.
8. Should vacuum or sweep wooden floor since small stone and gritty dirt will
scratch the floor quickly.

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 D. Stone flooring

Since there are different kinds of stones, natural stone tiles also come in different types like
limestone, clay, granite, pebble, sandstone, slate, travertine, Kota stone, Granite, Sand
stone and etc. it should be laid on a solid concrete sub-floor.

Properties

 They are generally durable and provide an unmatched elegance to the floor.
 Stone floors can also withstand high temperatures.
 Natural appearance.
 All stone floorings are very heavy.
 Stone floor are resistant wear, water, and cleaning chemicals.

There are following types of stone flooring

1-marble flooring
2-granite flooring
3-kota stone flooring

Marble flooring
It is crystallized limestone and available in wide range of colors. Marble is durable than
most of the other floorings. Marble stains are easily on coming in contact with ferrous
metals and oils. Marble flooring is commonly provided in places of worship and in public
buildings having rich specification.

White Marble Makrana Pink Marble

Marbles are available in tiles ranging in sizes.

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Granite flooring
Granite is a granular crystalline rock of quartz, field par and mica and it has fine grains and
it is harder than marble. Many types and colors of granite are available. Granite are durable
and natural with visible coarse grains. They are inexpensive as compares to marble.
Granite is also the hardest type of stone- very difficult to cut and polish, but once polished
gives a mirror finish

Can resist a lot of wear and tear and is also Slip resistant.

Slates / kota stone flooring

Slates are resistant to wearing, discoloring or fading. Kota stone is commonly 25 to 40 mm

thick. It should be hard, sound, dense and homogeneous in texture.
Easily washable with water and soap and less expensive than good marble. They are hard,
may be given polished.
Natural colors of slate are grey and blue gray.

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Cleaning Procedure for Stone flooring

1. Prepare carefully before starting: If possible find out what products were used when the
tiles were originally laid.

2. Choose the right products: Use a detergent formulated for calciferous stone (travertine,
marble or limestone) as general floor cleaner may contain acid that can etch the surface.
Dilute detergent with water as prescribed and apply generously with a sponge; use a long-
handled squeegee for larger areas. Try a stronger solution if very dirty.

3. Scrub away ingrained dirt: Allow the product to work for 10-20 minutes, periodically
scrubbing badly stained areas. The grouting, being rougher than the stone, is particularly
susceptible to ingrained dirt and grease.

4. Wipe up residue and rinse: Wipe away the dirty cleaner. Rinse with a mop and a bucket
of clean water. Go over the stone floor tiles with an old towel to reduce drying time. Once
dry, check if the tiles need to be resealed by leaving a few drops of water on the surface. If
water soaks in, the floor needs an application of impregnator.

5. Stay off the floor until surface is dry

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 E. Brick flooring

Brick products have been used for many centuries throughout the world for applications
such as roads, flooring, monuments, sidewalks and building structures.

Bricks are considered to be the oldest manufactured building material that has been trusted
throughout history because of its durability, versatility and practical attributes.

There are various reasons for the benefits that brick flooring products provide in visual
terms, their strength and ability and their practical purposes. Here are some of the benefits
of what brick flooring will provide when used as paving.

 They provide elegance and character with the old world look rustic charm
 They are fade resistant and resist wear and tear
 They are slip resistant
 They are very durable with long lasting attributes
 They are fire resistant
 They are maintenance free

PATTERNS FOR BRICK FLOORING

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Cleaning Procedure for Brick flooring

1. Start by sweeping or vacuuming the brick to remove any loose debris.

2. For a quick clean and to prevent dirt buildup, use a mop and plain water over the
floor.

3. If you would like a more thorough cleaning, add mild detergent to the water until
it’s slightly sudsy. Mop the surfaces with the sudsy water.

4. For a quick, polished effect, add a cup of vinegar to the water and detergent before
mopping.

5. After mopping with detergent or vinegar, rise the bricks well with clean water. This
can be accomplished in a couple of ways, but the easiest might be re-mopping with
clean water.

6. Wipe dry for best results.

Steps to Remove the Stain:

1. Make sure floors are clean before you begin. Use the cleaning methods above to
remove any dirt or debris.
2. Mix a solution of half vinegar and half water.
3. Pour it onto the stain and allow it to sit for a few minutes.
4. Start scrubbing the spot with the brush.
5. If you see improvement, keep scrubbing until the stains are gone. If the stains aren’t
budging, pour undiluted vinegar on the stain and allow it to sit for 10-15 minutes.
6. Continue to scrub. Reapply the vinegar solution or vinegar as needed.
7. Once the stain is gone, rinse the floor with clean water.
8. Sprinkle a fine dusting of baking powder over the (still wet) spots that had been
covered in vinegar. This will neutralize the effects of any remaining acid so that it
does not damage the surface of the flooring.
9. Wait 15-20 minutes before rinsing clean again.
10. Use a towel to dry the bricks.

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 F. Glass flooring

Glass floors are made with transparent glass when it is useful to view something from
above or below; whereas glowing glass is used when there is no need to view through. In
either case, toughened glass is usually chosen, for its durability and resistance to breakage.

Glass as a flooring material is used in both residential and commercial structures. Special
hollow glass blocks known as '"glass pavers" are often used in combination with a metal
frame. Glass floors are often lit from below with natural or artificial light, or may be
treated as ordinary floor surfaces illuminated from above.

Glass flooring is very expensive to replace once installed. As a rule of thumb heat
strengthened glass is nearly twice as “strong” as toughened or ordinary float glass, and
fully toughened glass is roughly four to five times as strong. Using fully toughened glass
would intensely reduce the thickness of the glass to be used in glass flooring laminates.

To maintain the aesthetic beauty of glass flooring, it is important to keep the panel clean.

Possible challenges for Glass flooring includes;

• Glass flooring is highly expensive. So it is essential to inspect the reasons for having
flooring in glass.

• Glass is very slippery when wet and so have to be careful while walking on it.

• Glass tiles get scratched easily and involve high maintenance.

• Extreme care while installing glass is of great importance.

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Cleaning Tips for glass floor

 A soft, clean, non-abrasive cloth and a mild detergent, or non-abrasive glass

cleaning solution is suitable for cleaning.
 After cleaning, rinse immediately with clean water and remove any excess water
from the panel surface. Do not use abrasive cleaners, bleach, scouring powder or
pads which can scratch and damage glass flooring.
 Glass tiles do not absorb water, therefore, easy to clean and care for as they are
completely resistant to mold, mildew, and bacteria.
 Mix white vinegar and water in the ratio 1:1 and get a natural glass floor cleaning
solution. You can then spray your glass floor using a spray bottle, wipe off the
surface and then rinse with clean water. Alternatively, you can use your common
bathroom cleaning agents to clean your glass floor surface.
 Glass floorings in bathrooms are prone to the buildup of scum and soap, and hard
mineral water deposits. In case bathroom is affected by these issues, then you use
one of the following two practices.

 Mix white vinegar and water in the ratio 1:1. Spray your glass floor and allow it
settle for slightly more than 10 minutes. Scrub the glass with a soft bristle scrub
brush while taking precautions not to scratch the said glass. After cleaning, use
water to rinse the floor then wipe it dry.
 Another option would be to use white vinegar without mixing it with water.

 Different glass tiles have different surfaces. Some have flat surfaces while others
have textured surfaces. Ensure to gently wipe all the grooves and crevices as you
clean textured surfaces.
 When using a standard grout cleaner, you should not have any problem cleaning
grout as the glass is completely impervious. You can also create a bleach water
mixture in a spray bottle. Use a soft bristle brush to clean the grout after spraying
then rinse thoroughly with clean water.
 Take note that even as you clean a dirty grout, do not use too much force because
you may end up damaging it. As mentioned, always use something soft when
cleaning grout. Avoid wire brushes at all costs. Try wiping off stains before
resolving to utilization of a brush.

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 G. Tile flooring

Tiles are often used to form wall or floor coverings, and can range from simple square tiles
to complex mosaics. Tiles are most often made from ceramic with a hard glaze finish, but
other materials are also regularly used, such as glass, marble, granite, slate and reformed
ceramic slurry.

The convenience of tiles as a flooring material is due to

a) Their pleasing appearance.

b) It removes the possibility of cracks.
c) Quick finishing of flooring

Tile flooring come in various types like ceramic, porcelain, quarry, and mosaic. But mainly
Tiles are classified as follows.

a) Ceramic Tiles
b) Vitrified Tiles
c) Porcelain Tiles

Ceramic tiles vitrified tiles

Ceramic tiles are a combination of clays that are pressed into shape and fired at high
temperatures which gives the tile hardness. The ceramic tile may then be glazed, or left
unglazed depending on intended use.

Vitrified tiles are ceramic tiles with high percentage of vitrification and less amount of
water absorption. Vitrification is nothing but a development of glass phase inside the tile
during firing process. This is mainly due to melting of some constituent in the body. They
are made of White burning clay, specially suited to the vitrifications process. These tiles
has special qualities like compacted-nature, stiffness, strength and ultra-low water
absorption

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Porcelain tiles are ceramic tiles commonly used to cover floors and walls, with a water
absorption rate of less than 0.5 percent. They can either be glazed or unglazed. Porcelain is
thicker and therefore heavier to handle than other ceramic tiles. For this reason, it is
commonly more expensive. Being harder, it is more difficult to cut and drill, which can
hinder fitting and increase costs.

Properties
 High wear resistance with low density.
 When tiles are glazed, they can be stain-resistant.
 Corrosion resistance at high temperatures.
 Resistance to plastic deformation.
 Easy to clean and water-proof.
 Harder and stiffer than steel, more heat and corrosion resistant than metals and
polymers.
 Their incombustibility prevents spread of fire.

Advantages of Ceramic Tiles

 Visually much better than any other flooring, as it is available in various shades and
textures.
 Easy to maintain.
 Does not Fade from Sun Light
 Laying is easy and less time taking.
 Available in various sizes thus no cutting required.
 Tiles are fire resistant.
 Ceramic tiles have a hard, solid surface, that does not tend to attract dirt, dust,
pollen, or other allergens
 Glazed ceramic flooring tiles have a protective layer that rests over the material,
making them impervious to water and stain penetration.
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Cleaning procedure for Tiled floor

Basic Tile Flooring Care

 Sweep or vacuum the floor daily. This removes loose dirt, food crumbs and other
pieces of debris that can accumulate on tile floors. Dirt that is allowed to sit in wet
areas can quickly turn into hard-to-remove grime.
 You should also sweep or vacuum the floor before mopping or cleaning it.
 Run a dry cloth duster or dust mop over the floors after they have been swept.
 Mop the floor with warm water. Cleanse the mop in fresh warm water after
mopping one section of the room, and repeat until the entire floor is mopped.
 Dry the floor. Whether you use water or water mixed with detergent, run a dry mop
over the floor in small sections as you work across the room with your mop. This
will prevent new dirt from quickly accumulating and staining the grout.
 Clean up spills promptly and dirtier spills with disinfectant

Deep Cleaning Techniques

 Mop the floor with warm water and a vinegar solution. Mix 1/2 cup vinegar with a
gallon of water and proceed to mop as usual. If the floor doesn't look as clean as
expected mop the floor again using fresh water and detergent.
 Remove stains from tile floors. Prepare a appropriate paste and rub the paste on the
stain using a clean cloth. Scrub the area with a soft brush, then wash the area with
warm water and a cloth to remove all remains of the paste
 Remove harder stains with bleach. If usual cleaning methods don't work, try a
bleach solution. Put on a pair of rubber gloves to guard your hands. Mix a 75/25
solution of bleach and water if the grout is white. If the grout is colored, you will
have to use plain water. Do not use bleach on colored grout as it may remove the
coloring. Use a brush or the edge of a sponge to clean the grout with the solution.
Be careful not to get the bleach solution on the tiles.

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 Conclusion

This report introduced seven major flooring types which is widely used industrially and
domestically. We presented information about advantages and disadvantages, cleaning and
maintenance, their characteristics and uses in intended areas.

The flooring is an important part of any interior design, which is why whenever an
architect or an interior designer is working on the blueprints of any building, whether a
resident, a commercial or an industrial building, the flooring is one of the major aspects
that he will have to specify. It has to be beautiful and add a sense of personality to the
space and it is also very practical so it can meet the demands of the customer. For instance,
for residential buildings, the beauty and elegance are the main aspects, on the other hand,
for industrial buildings, the wear resistance and the functionality is the main priority.
Nonetheless, the cost effectiveness of the flooring is also one of the main aspects of
flooring to everyone. Due to the importance of the flooring, you should take an extra
amount of time when making that decision so you can pick the best solution that is durable,
cost effective and beautiful.

Through the report we hope that the reader get a clear idea about basic factors about
different floorings and their uses.

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