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com
ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ :
ﻣﻜﻮﻧـــﺎت اﻟـــﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻮاﺳـــﻌﺔ )
اﳌﻮﺟﻬـــﺎت Routersواﻟﺒﻮاﺑـــﺎت
. ( Ports
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ﲢﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ؛؛؛
ﺳﺄﺑﺪﺃ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌـﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑﺓ ﺃﲤﲎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ.
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ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
.1ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ .Router
.2ﺳﺮﺩ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ.
.3ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ Gatewayﻭﺳﺮﺩ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﻋﻴﻮﻬﺑﺎ.
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ :Router
ﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ﹰﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗـﺴﺎﻡ ﺷـﺒﻜﺎﺕ
ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ:
.1ﻓﻠﺘﺮﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
.2ﺭﺑﻂ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ.
ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﲟﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬـﺔ ﳉﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ Broadcast
.Message
ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﲢﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ.
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﻋﱪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺬﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ،ﻭﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﳍﺎ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺸﻞ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻝ،
ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ.
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ TCP/IP
ﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﺩﻕ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬـﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛـﻮﻝ TCP/IPﰲ
ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ Frame Relayﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ.
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ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﲟﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻗﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﻋﱪﻫـﺎ ،ﻭﰲ
ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺰﺩﲪﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ.
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ.
ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
.1ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
.2ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ.
.3ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
.4ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ،
ﻭﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﺬﺍﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ.
ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ
ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ،ﻭﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ MAC
ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ
ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ Algorithmsﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴـﺎﺕ
ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ:
)1. OSPE ( Open Short test First
)2. RIP ( Routing Information Protocol
)3. NLSP ( Netware Link Services Protocol
ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ OSPFﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺃﻭ Link-Stateﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ
ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ.
.2ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﳛﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
.3ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻻﺣﺘﻮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﺄـﺎ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠـﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
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ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ OSPFﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ،TCP/IPﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠـﻲ
ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﰐ:
.1ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰﺍﺕ HOPSﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ.
.2ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ.
.3ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
.4ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ RIPﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴـﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻬـﺔ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻓﺔ Distance-
Vector Algorithmsﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ TCP/IPﻭ IPXﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠـﻲ
ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﻬﺎ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ NLISPﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ Link-Stateﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ
،IPXﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ Link-Stateﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺜﺚ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻣـﻦ
ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ .Distance-Vector
ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻞ
ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻠﻔﺎﻫﺎ.
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟـﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻘـﻮﻡ
ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﺃﻟﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ ﺣـﺰﻡ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱄ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﻘـﻮﻡ
ﺑﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴـﻪ
ﻷﻧﺘﻢ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ.
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ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
.2ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ.
.3ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ.
ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻗـﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﺻـﻐﺮ ﻳﻄﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋـﺎﺩﺓ
،Subnetsﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﱄ ﻛـﻞ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ Broadcast
Messageﻓﺄﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻋﻮﺍﺻﻒ .Broadcast Storms
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ:
ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ:
1. DECNET
2. TCP/IP
3. IPX
4. OSI
5. XNS
6. AppleTalk
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
Digital.ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ 1. ( LAT) Local Area Transport
2. NetBIOS
3. NetBEUI
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ:
-1ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ .Static
-2ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻜﻴﺔ Dynamic
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ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
.1ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻬﺑﺎ.
.2ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ.
ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻛﻠﺔ ﳌﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﺄﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﱪ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ،ﻭﳍـﺬﺍ ﻓﻬـﻲ
ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺿﺌﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ،ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ
ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ
ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ:
.1ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ.
.2ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﱪ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ.
ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﳜﻠﻂ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯﻳﻦ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ:
.1ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ.
.2ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ.
.3ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ.
ﳝﻜﻦ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺯ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﺇﱄ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻯ
ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﺇﱄ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻜﺔ
ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱄ ﺃﺑﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﺑﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﺇﱄ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍﻟﻚ
ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﺬﺍﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ
ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺎ ﻻ ﲤﺮﺭ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱄ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ
ﻭﲤﻨﻊ ﺑﺬﺍﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ .Broadcast Storm
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ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻭﲣﺘﱪﻫﺎ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﺄﺎ ﲤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑـﺸﻜﻞ
ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ.
ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺖ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
.1ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ 20ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ.
.2ﻛﻞ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ .TCP/IP
.3ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱄ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ LANﻣﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ .WAN
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﳚﻤـﻊ ﺑـﲔ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﺕ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳉـﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬـﺎﺕ ﻭﻳـﺴﻤﻰ Brouterﺃﻭ
،Multiprotocol Routerﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﻭﻛﺠﺴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ
ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ.
ﻳﻘﻮﻡ Brouterﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
.1ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ.
.2ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﲟﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ.
.3ﳛﻘﻖ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺴﺮ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ Gatewayﻓﻬﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﲔ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﻥ:
.1ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
.2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﳊﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ.
.3ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
.4ﺗﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
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ﻟﻨﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺜﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ:
ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ :ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﻌﻦ.
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ :ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ.
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ :ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱄ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ.
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺰﻭﺩ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ NTﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﻧﻈﻤـﺔ
IBMﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ ﰒ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻛـﻞ
ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﺗـﻀﻴﻒ ﺃﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛـﻮﻻﺕ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ،ﺃﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛـﻮﻝ ﺇﱄ
ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ.
ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﺰﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳـﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻌـﺐ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻳﻌﺘـﱪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻷﻣـﻮﺭ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﳐﺼﺺ ﻓﻘﻂ ﳍﺬﻩ
ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺁﺧﺮﻱ.
ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﲟﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
.2ﲣﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ.
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.1ﺃﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ.
.2ﺑﻄﺊ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ.
.3ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ.
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ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ:
ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ Routersﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ
ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﲤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻋﻮﺍﺻﻒ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ
ﺃﻗﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ .Bridges
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ .Brouter
ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ Gatewayﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
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ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ .
ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ :
ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ) ﻫﻞ ﺃﺗﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ* ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﺔ* ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﺻﺒﻪ* ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ* ﺗﺴﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﲔ
ﺃﻧﻴﺔ* ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﻊ* ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﻉ(.
ﺃﺧﻮﻛﻢ Hack_1Killer /
ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ [email protected]
ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ [email protected]
OR
