BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this is entitled DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM

BASED SAND FILTER being submitted by the student Selvan. :

JOHNSON.Y, JUSTIN MICHAL RAJ.J, NITHIN.A, NIRMAL KUMAR.J,

MARIAANTHONY.S, MUTHUKUMAR.N Reg.No. : 15271128, 15271130,

15271144, 15241143, 15271138, 15271141 in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of the

Board of Technical Education, TamilNadu in Bonafide Record of the

work done by him during the academic year 2016 – 2017

Submitted for the Viva voice Board Examination held on .

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take extreme pleasure to our solemn gratitude to our Beloved

Secretary, Rev. Fr. S. JOHN NEPOLEAN, and ST.JOSEPH’S POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE for having provided us adequate facilities to build our project

successfully.

We record our grateful thanks to our Beloved Principal Mr. S. JOHN

PETER SOOSAI RAJ, ME., (Ph.d)., MISTE., for his kind patronage and

encouragement offered. We take immense pleasure to express our deep

sense of gratitude to Head of the Department, Mr. J. RANJITH

THIRUTHUVA KANI, BE., for monumental support and tireless

encouragement.

We heart fully acknowledge our sincere thanks for the warm full

guidance give to our project “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM BASED

SAND FILTER ” Mr. J. RANJITH THIRUTHUVA KANI BE., HOD,

Department of Mechanical Engineering.

We express our sincere thanks to other teaching and non –

teaching staff members for the help they provided during the course of our

project. We are very dutiful to explore our gratitude to our godly parents

and the almighty.

 DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF CAM
BASED SAND FILTER
 CONTENTS
Synopsis

Introduction

Abstract

Cam mechanism

Sand sieving

Induction motor

Pulley

Belt

Block diagram

Advantages

Applications

Cost estimation

Conclusion

Bibliography
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS:

Here we are fabricating the machine for filtering sand it is mainly

developed for civil department. For filtering sand they are using manual method

with help of steel net, by this process they have to spend more time in filtering

the sand as well as humans gets tired of this process. So to avoid the above

process we go for the cam mechanism for filtering the sand.

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION:

Traditional rapid-sand filters must be backwashed at high velocity, which

requires large flow rates delivered by costly equipment. A stacked filter system

can significantly reduce the amount of water required for backwash. In a

carefully-designed stacked rapid-sand filter, the backwash flow rate can be

equal to the normal filtration flow rate.

Once the filter layers are clogged with contaminant particles, they must

be backwashed. It may be necessary in a stacked filter system to initialize

backwash by fluidizing the layers from the top down, by sending the backwash

water in through successively lower inlets. In any case, since backwashing is

fully engaged, all of the flow is entering the filter through the underdrain and

flowing up through the entire sand bed to exit the filter at the backwash trough.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:

The cam based sand filter demonstrate the viability of cam based sand

filtration technology and further refine it for implementation in the field. A

detailed task list outlining the goals and deadlines for the semester has been

submitted. A filtering the sand by human is time consuming and delay for

requirement of the process. And then not purely filter by human to avoid this

mechanism is provided to filter the sand and purely small particles by using this

method.
 CHAPTER- 1
Cam mechanism
Cam mechanism:

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used

especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice versa. It is
often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder
with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular
path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to
a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces
a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower, which is a lever
making contact with the cam.

overview

The cam can be seen as a device that rotates from circular to

reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion.[3] A common example is
the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine and
translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and
exhaust valves of the cylinders.
DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM:

Certain cams can be characterized by their displacement diagrams, which

reflect the changing position a roller follower would make as the cam rotates
about an axis. These diagrams relate angular position, usually in degrees, to the
radial displacement experienced at that position. Displacement diagrams are
traditionally presented as graphs with non-negative values. A simple
displacement diagram illustrates the follower motion at a constant velocity rise
followed by a similar return with a dwell in between as depicted in figure. The
rise is the motion of the follower away from the cam center, dwell is the motion
where the follower is at rest, and return is the motion of the follower toward the
cam center.

However, the most common type is in the valve actuators in internal

combustion engines. Here, the cam profile is commonly symmetric and at
rotational speeds generally met with, very high acceleration forces develop.
 Ideally, a convex curve between the onset and maximum position of lift
reduces acceleration, but this requires impractically large shaft diameters
relative to lift. Thus, in practice, the points at which lift begins and ends mean
that a tangent to the base circle appears on the profile. This is continuous with a
tangent to the tip circle. In designing the cam, the lift and the dwell angle are
given.

PLATE CAM

The most commonly used cam is the cam plate which is cut out of a
piece of flat metal or plate. Here, the follower moves in a plane perpendicular
to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. Several key terms are relevant in such a
construction of plate cams: base circle, prime , pitch curve which is the radial
curve traced out by applying the radial displacements away from the prime
circle across all angles, and the lobe separation angle.
 The base circle is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the cam profile.

A once common, but now outdated, application of this type of cam was
automatic machine tool programming cams. Each tool movement or operation
was controlled directly by one or more cams. Instructions for producing
programming cams and cam generation data for the most common makes of
machine were included in engineering references well into the modern CNC era.

This type of cam is used in many simple electromechanical

appliance controllers, such as dishwashers and clothes washing machines, to
actuate mechanical switches that control the various parts.

CYLINDRICAL CAM

A cylindrical cam or barrel cam is a cam in which the follower rides on

the surface of a cylinder. In the most common type, the follower rides in a
groove cut into the surface of a cylinder. These cams are principally used to
convert rotational motion to linear motion parallel to the rotational axis of the
cylinder. A cylinder may have several grooves cut into the surface and drive
several followers.
 Applications include machine tool drives, such as reciprocating saws, and
shift control barrels in sequential transmissions, such as on most
modern motorcycles.

A special case of this cam is constant lead, where the position of the
follower is linear with rotation, as in a lead screw. The purpose and detail of
implementation influence whether this application is called a cam or a screw
thread, but in some cases, the nomenclature may be ambiguous.

Cylindrical cams may also be used to reference an output to two inputs,

where one input is rotation of the cylinder, and the second is position of the
follower axially along the cam. The output is radial to the cylinder. These were
once common for special functions in control systems, such as fire control
mechanisms for guns on naval vessels and mechanical analog computers.

FACE CAM

A face cam produces motion by using a follower riding on the face of a

disk. The most common type has the follower ride in a slot so that the captive
follower produces radial motion with positive positioning without the need for a
spring or other mechanism to keep the follower in contact with the control
surface. A face cam of this type generally has only one slot for a follower on
each face. In some applications, a single element, such as a gear, a barrel cam,
or other rotating element with a flat face, may do duty as a face cam in addition
to other purposes.
 Face cams may provide repetitive motion with a groove that forms a
closed curve, or may provide function generation with a stopped groove. Cams
used for function generation may have grooves that require several revolutions
to cover the complete function, and in this case, the function generally needs to
be invertible so that the groove does not self intersect, and the function output
value must differ enough at corresponding rotations that there is sufficient
material separating the adjacent groove segments. A common form is the
constant lead cam, where displacement of the follower is linear with rotation,
such as the scroll plate in a scroll chuck.

Face cams may also be used to reference a single output to two inputs,
typically where one input is rotation of the cam and the other is radial position
of the follower. The output is parallel to the axis of the cam. These were once
common is mechanical analog computation and special functions in control
systems.
 A face cam that implements three outputs for a single rotational input is
the stereo phonograph, where a relatively constant lead groove guides the stylus
and tone arm unit, acting as either a rocker-type or linear follower, and the
stylus alone acting as the follower for two orthogonal outputs to representing
the audio signals. These motions are in a plane radial to the rotation of the
record and at angles of 45 degrees to the plane of the disk. The position of the
tone arm was used by some turntables as a control input, such as to turn the unit
off or to load the next disk in a stack, but was ignored in simple units.

HEART SAHPED CAM

This type of cam, in the form of a symmetric heart symbol, is used to

return a shaft holding the cam to a set position by pressure from a roller. They
were used for example on early models of Post Office Master clocks to
synchronise the clock time with Greenwich Mean Time when the activating
follower was pressed onto the cam automatically via a signal from an accurate
time source.
SNAIL DROP CAM

This type of cam was used for example in mechanical time keeping

clocking-in clocks to drive the day advance mechanism at precisely midnight

and consisted of a follower being raised over 24 hours by the cam in a spiral

path which terminated at a sharp cut off at which the follower would drop down

and activate the day advance. Where timing accuracy is required as in clocking-

in clocks these were typically ingeniously arranged to have a roller cam

follower to raise the drop weight for most of its journey to near its full height,

and only for the last portion of its travel for the weight to be taken over and

supported by a solid follower with a sharp edge.

LINEAR CAM

A linear cam is one in which the cam element moves in a straight line
rather than rotates. The cam element is often a plate or block, but may be any
cross section. The key feature is that the input is a linear motion rather than
rotational. The cam profile may be cut into one or more edges of a plate or
block, may be one or more slots or grooves in the face of an element, or may
even be a surface profile for a cam with more than one input. The development
of a linear cam is similar to, but not identical to, that of a rotating cam.
 Chapter - 2
6
SAND SEIVEING
SAND SEIVE:

A sand cleaning , beach cleaner, or (colloquially) sandboni is a vehicle

that drags a raking or sifting device over beach sand to remove rubbish and

other foreign matter. They are manually self-pulled vehicles on tracks or wheels

or pulled by quad-bike or tractor. Seaside cities use beach cleaning machines to

combat the problems of litter left by beach patrons and other pollution washed

up on their shores. A chief task in beach cleaning strategies is finding the best

way to handle waste matter on the beaches, taking into consideration beach

erosion and changing terrain. Beach cleaning machines work by collecting sand

by way of a scoop or drag mechanism and then raking or sifting anything large

enough to be considered foreign matter, including sticks, stones, litter and other

items.
 Similar applications include lake beaches, sandfields for beach volleyball

and kindergarten and playing field sandpits. The word "sandboni" is a back-

formation referencing the ice-surfacing machine Zamboni.

COMMON TECHNOLOGIES:

RAKING TECHNOLOGY

It can be used on dry or wet sand. When using this method, a rotating

conveyor belt containing hundreds of tines combs through the sand and removes

surface and buried debris while leaving the sand on the beach. Raking machines

can remove materials ranging in size from small pebbles, shards of glass, and

cigarette butts to larger debris, like seaweed and driftwood. By keeping the sand

on the beach and only lifting the debris, raking machines can travel at high

speeds.

SIFTING TECHNOLOGY

It is practiced on dry sand and soft surfaces. The sand and waste are

collected via the pick-up blade of the vehicle onto a vibrating screening belt,

which leaves the sand behind. The waste is gathered in a collecting tray which

is often situated at the back of the vehicle.

 Because sand and waste are lifted onto the screening belt, sifters must

allow time for the sand to sift through the screen and back onto the beach. The

size of the materials removed is governed by the size of the holes in the

installed screen.

COMBINED RAKING AND SIFTING TECHNOLOGY

It differs from pure sifters in that it uses rotating tines to scoop sand and

debris onto a vibrating screen instead of relying simply on the pick-up blade.

The tines' position can be adjusted to more effectively guide different-sized

materials onto the screen. Once on the screen, combined raking and sifting

machines use the same technology as normal sifters to remove unwanted debris

from the sand.

SAND SIFTING BY HAND

It is used for smaller areas or sensitive habitat. Sand and debris is

collected into a windrow or pile and manually shoveled onto screened sifting

trays to separate the debris from the sand. While effective, it requires the

movement of sand to the site of the tray, and then redistribution of the sand after

sifting. A more efficient method is the use of a screened fork at the place where

the debris is located. The effort to manually agitate the sand can become

tiresome; however, a recent development of a battery-powered sand rake

combines the spot cleaning effectiveness of manual screening with the ease of

an auto-sifting hand tool.

OPERATIONS:

Sand cleaning machines are used all over the world to ensure the safety

and happiness of beach-goers. By removing litter, unwanted seaweed, and other

debris from the beach, municipalities and resorts are able to maintain their

beaches with fewer invested hours.

In addition to their regular litter-removing uses, beach and sand cleaners

have been used to clean up after natural disasters. For example:

In Galveston, Texas, low oxygen levels in the water resulted in thousands of

dead fish washing ashore. Raking sand cleaners were then used to remove the

rotting fish off the beach before they released excessive toxins into the air, sand,

and water.
 CHAPTER-3
INDUCTION
MOTOR
INDUCTION MOTOR:

An induction motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric

current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic
induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.[1] An induction motor
can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor.[a] An
induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.

Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used in industrial

drives because they are rugged, reliable and economical. Single-phase induction
motors are used extensively for smaller loads, such as household appliances like
fans. Although traditionally used in fixed-speed service, induction motors are
increasingly being used with variable-frequency drives (VFDs) in variable-
speed service. VFDs offer especially important energy savings opportunities for
existing and prospective induction motors in variable-torque centrifugal fan,
pump and compressor load applications.
SYNCHRONOUS SPEED:

An AC motor's synchronous speed, , is the rotation rate of the stator's

magnetic field, where is the motor supply's frequency, where is the number of
magnetic poles and where and have identical units.

SLIP:
Typical torque curve as a function of slip, represented as 'g' here. Slip, ,
is defined as the difference between synchronous speed and operating speed, at
the same frequency, expressed in rpm or in percent or ratio of synchronous
speed where is stator electrical speed, is rotor mechanical speed. Slip, which
varies from zero at synchronous speed and 1 when the rotor is at rest,
determines the motor's torque. Since the short-circuited rotor windings have
small resistance, a small slip induces a large current in the rotor and produces
large torque.[31] At full rated load, slip varies from more than 5% for small or
special purpose motors to less than 1% for large motors.
TORQUE:
See also: Fleming's left-hand rule for motors

STANDARD TORQUE:

Speed-torque curves for four induction motor types: A) Single-phase, B)

Polyphase cage, C) Polyphase cage deep bar, D) Polyphase double cage

 Breakdown torque (peak torque), 175-300 percent of rated torque

 Locked-rotor torque (torque at 100% slip), 75-275 percent of rated
torque
 Pull-up torque, 65-190 percent of rated torque.

Over a motor's normal load range, the torque's slope is approximately

linear or proportional to slip because the value of rotor resistance divided by
slip, , dominates torque in linear manner. As load increases above rated load,
stator and rotor leakage reactance factors gradually become more significant in
relation to such that torque gradually curves towards breakdown torque. As the
load torque increases beyond breakdown torque the motor stalls.

STARTING:
See also: Motor controller

There are three basic types of competing small induction motors: single-
phase, split-phase and shaded-pole types and small polyphase motors.

In two-pole single-phase motors, the torque goes to zero at 100% slip

(zero speed), so these require alterations to the stator such as shaded-poles to
provide starting torque. A single phase induction motor requires separate
starting circuitry to provide a rotating field to the motor.
 In certain smaller single-phase motors, starting is done by means of a
shaded pole with a copper wire turn around part of the pole. The current
induced in this turn lags behind the supply current, creating a delayed magnetic
field around the shaded part of the pole face. This imparts sufficient rotational
field energy to start the motor. These motors are typically used in applications
such as desk fans and record players, as the required starting torque is low, and
the low efficiency is tolerable relative to the reduced cost of the motor and
starting method compared to other AC motor designs.

SPEED CONTROL:

Before the development of semiconductor power electronics, it was

difficult to vary the frequency, and cage induction motors were mainly used in
fixed speed applications. Applications such as electric overhead cranes used DC
drives or wound rotor motors (WRIM) with slip rings for rotor circuit
connection to variable external resistance allowing considerable range of speed
control. However, resistor losses associated with low speed operation of
WRIMs is a major cost disadvantage, especially for constant loads.[35] Large slip
ring motor drives, termed slip energy recovery systems, some still in use,
recover energy from the rotor circuit, rectify it, and return it to the power system
using a VFD. In many industrial variable-speed applications, DC and WRIM
drives are being displaced by VFD-fed cage induction motors. The most
common efficient way to control asynchronous motor speed of many loads is
with VFDs. Barriers to adoption of VFDs due to cost and reliability
considerations have been reduced considerably over the past three decades such
that it is estimated that drive technology is adopted in as many as 30-40% of all
newly installed motors.
CONSTRUCTION:
[

The stator of an induction motor consists of poles carrying supply current

to induce a magnetic field that penetrates the rotor. To optimize the distribution
of the magnetic field, windings are distributed in slots around the stator, with
the magnetic field having the same number of north and south poles. Induction
motors are most commonly run on single-phase or three-phase power, but two-
phase motors exist; in theory, induction motors can have any number of phases.
Many single-phase motors having two windings can be viewed as two-phase
motors, since a capacitor is used to generate a second power phase 90° from the
single-phase supply and feeds it to the second motor winding. Single-phase
motors require some mechanism to produce a rotating field on startup. Cage
induction motor rotor's conductor bars are typically skewed to reduce noise.

EFFICIENCY:

Full load motor efficiency varies from about 85% to 97%, related motor
losses being broken down roughly as follows:[41]

 Friction and windage, 5% – 15%

 Iron or core losses, 15% – 25%
 Stator losses, 25% – 40%
 Rotor losses, 15% – 25%
 Stray load losses, 10% – 20%.

Various regulatory authorities in many countries have introduced and

implemented legislation to encourage the manufacture and use of higher
efficiency electric motors. There is existing and forthcoming legislation
regarding the future mandatory use of premium-efficiency induction-type
motors in defined equipment. For more information, see: Premium efficiency.
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR:

Main article: linear induction motor

Linear induction motors, that work on same general principles as rotary

induction motors and are frequently three-phase, are designed to produce
straight line motion. Uses include magnetic levitation, linear propulsion, linear
actuators, and liquid metal pumping.
CHAPTER-4

PULLEY
PULLEY:

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support

movement and change of direction of a taut cable, rope or belt along its
circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads, apply forces,
and to transmit power. In nautical contexts, the assembly of wheel, axle, and
supporting shell is referred to as a "block."

A pulley may also be called a sheave or drum and may have a groove or
grooves between two flanges around its circumference. The drive element of a
pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that runs over the pulley inside
the groove or grooves.

BLOCK AND TACKLE:

A set of pulleys assembled so that they rotate independently on the same

axle from a block. Two blocks with a rope attached to one of the blocks and
threaded through the two sets of pulleys form a block and tackle.
 A block and tackle is assembled so one block is attached to fixed
mounting point and the other is attached to the moving load. The ideal
mechanical advantage of the block and tackle is equal to the number of parts of
the rope that support the moving block.

ROPE AND PULLEY SYSTEM:

A rope and pulley system—that is, a block and tackle—is characterised

by the use of a single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or
more pulleys to lift or move a load—the rope may be a light line or a strong
cable. This system is included in the list of simple machines identified by
Renaissance scientists.
BELT AND PULLEY SYSTEM:

A belt and pulley system is characterised by two or more pulleys in

common to a belt. This allows for mechanical power, torque, and speed to be
transmitted across axles. If the pulleys are of differing diameters, a mechanical
advantage is realised.

A belt drive is analogous to that of a chain drive, however a belt sheave

may be smooth so that the mechanical advantage is approximately given by the
ratio of the pitch diameter of the sheaves only, not fixed exactly by the ratio of
teeth as with gears and sprockets.

In the case of a drum-style pulley, without a groove or flanges, the pulley

often is slightly convex to keep the flat belt centred. It is sometimes referred to
as a crowned pulley. Though once widely used on factory line shafts, this type
of pulley is still found driving the rotating brush in upright vacuum cleaners,
in belt sanders and bandsaws.
CHAPTER-5

BELT
BELT:

A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more

rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source
of motion, to transmit power efficiently, or to track relative movement. Belts are
looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts
need not be parallel. In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys
normally in one direction, or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the
driven shaft is reversed.

POWER TRANSMISSION:

Belts are the cheapest utility for power transmission between shafts that
may not be axially aligned. Power transmission is achieved by specially
designed belts and pulleys. The demands on a belt drive transmission system are
large and this has led to many variations on the theme.
 Power transmitted between a belt and a pulley is expressed as the product
of difference of tension and belt velocity: where, T1 and T2 are tensions in the
tight side and slack side of the belt respectively.

ROPE DRIVES:

In general, as with flat belts, rope drives were used for connections
from stationary engines to the jack shafts and line shafts of mills, and
sometimes from line shafts to driven machinery. Unlike leather belts, however,
rope drives were sometimes used to transmit power over relatively long
distances.

ROUND BELTS:

Round belts are a circular cross section belt designed to run in a pulley
with a 60 degree V-groove. Round grooves are only suitable for idler pulleys
that guide the belt, or when (soft) O-ring type belts are used. The V-groove
transmits torque through a wedging action, thus increasing friction.

V BELTS:

V belts solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic
belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction,
speed of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. They are
generally endless, and their general cross-section shape is Roughly trapezoidal .
The "V" shape of the belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley , with the
result that the belt cannot slip off. V-belts need larger pulleys for their thicker
cross-section than flat belts.
MULTI-GROOVE BELTS:

A multi-groove or polygroove belt is made up of usually 5 or 6 "V"

shapes alongside each other. This gives a thinner belt for the same drive surface,
thus it is more flexible, although often wider. The added flexibility offers an
improved efficiency, as less energy is wasted in the internal friction of
continually bending the belt. In practice this gain of efficiency causes a reduced
heating effect on the belt and a cooler-running belt lasts longer in service.

RIBBED BELT:

A ribbed belt is a power transmission belt featuring lengthwise grooves. It

operates from contact between the ribs of the belt and the grooves in the pulley.
Its single-piece structure is reported to offer an even distribution of tension
across the width of the pulley where the belt is in contact, a power range up to
600 kW, a high speed ratio, serpentine drives, long life, stability and
homogeneity of the drive tension, and reduced vibration. The ribbed belt may be
fitted on various applications : compressors, fitness bikes, agricultural
machinery, food mixers, washing machines, lawn mowers, etc.

FILM BELTS:

Though often grouped with flat belts, they are actually a different kind.
They consist of a very thin belt strip of plastic and occasionally rubber. They
are generally intended for low-power , high-speed uses, allowing high
efficiency and long life. These are seen in business machines, printers, tape
recorders, and other light-duty operations.
BELT FRICTION:
Main article: Belt friction

Belt drives depend on friction to operate, but excessive friction wastes

energy and rapidly wears the belt. Factors that affect belt friction include belt
tension, contact angle, and the materials used to make the belt and pulleys.

SPECIFICATIONS:

To fully specify a belt, the material, length, and cross-section size and
shape are required. Timing belts, in addition, require that the size of the teeth be
given. The length of the belt is the sum of the central length of the system on
both sides, half the circumference of both pulleys, an d the square of the sum (if
crossed) or the difference (if open) of the radii. Thus, when dividing by the
central distance, it can be visualized as the central distance times the height that
gives the same squared value of the radius difference on, of course, both sides.
When adding to the length of either side, the length of the belt increases, in a
similar manner to the Pythagorean theorem.
Chapter- 6
BLOCK
DIAGRAM:
Block diagram:
 CHAPTER- 7

ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

Easy to operate

Low maintenance

Quick process

Less manual effort.

 CHAPTER-8
APPLICATION
APPLICATION

It is applicable in civil construction etc.

To reduce manual work.

 Chapter- 9
COST ESTIMATION
COST ESTIMATION:

Material Cost:
S.NO PARTICULARS COST
1. Induction Motor Rs. 2500
2. Sieving plate Rs. 650
3. Pulley Rs. 550
4. Belt Rs. 450
5. Cam Rs. 350
Total Rs.4500

Manufacturing Cost:

Manufacturing cost of this project is Rs. 700

Overhead Cost:
Over head cost is of this project is Rs. 870

(TOTAL COST OF PROJECT IS Rs. 52000 /-)

 Chapter- 10

CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION:

This project specially made for construction work to prepare the

clean sand without small grind particles as stone, waste,etc. And to

reduce the human work time for hand sieving.

 Chapter- 11

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY;

1. Sandbonis to the Rescue, Sarah Netter, abc-news 16.6.2010

2. ^ Stinky cleanup under way along Texas coast after big fish kill

3. Movie Themes, Mascots and a Lady With a Net, Greg Bishop 16.8.2008

4. Reports Rena has broken up 'false' - Maritime NZ - Nightline - Video - 3

News

5. Halftrack machines of RO-FLEX GmbH Archived November 18, 2011,

at the Wayback Machine., Karlstadt, company website

6. Sandmaster GmbH in Wendlingen, company website

7. Auto-Sifting sand rakes from Equi-tee Mfg.

 Chapter- 12

PHOTOGRAPHY