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Review of Related Literature

Malnutrition occurs when nutrient intake does not meet the body's requirements. It includes undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. Undernutrition affects about 795 million people globally and accounts for stunting in 30% of children in developing countries as well as 35% of deaths from illnesses. Undernutrition early in life can cause lifelong disadvantages. While obesity is becoming more common globally, undernutrition still kills more people. Causes of undernutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, disease, and lack of access to clean water, while overnutrition can be caused by limited access to healthy foods and lifestyles. Malnutrition affects people of all ages but infants, children, and adolescents suffer the most due

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4K views2 pages

Review of Related Literature

Malnutrition occurs when nutrient intake does not meet the body's requirements. It includes undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. Undernutrition affects about 795 million people globally and accounts for stunting in 30% of children in developing countries as well as 35% of deaths from illnesses. Undernutrition early in life can cause lifelong disadvantages. While obesity is becoming more common globally, undernutrition still kills more people. Causes of undernutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, disease, and lack of access to clean water, while overnutrition can be caused by limited access to healthy foods and lifestyles. Malnutrition affects people of all ages but infants, children, and adolescents suffer the most due

Uploaded by

Daniel Fancis Amabran Barrientos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of Related Literature

Reasons Behind Malnourishment

Malnutrition happens when the intake of essential macronutrients and macronutrients


doesn’t cover, or exceed, the body’s requirements for proper functioning. It is then a blanket
term for under-nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The bulk of the efforts
towards battling malnutrition are focused on under-nutrition as roughly 795 million people (or
1in 9) are undernourished and about 98% of those 795 million live in developing countries (U, N
2014). Under nutrition accounts for the stunting of 30 out of every 100 children in developing
countries, as well as aiding in 35% of deaths caused by measles, pneumonia and other illness in
the same countries. This takes a massive toll on the population, as children who experience under
malnutrition who early in rises life are at a disadvantages they most likely will not recover from,
which leads to loss of millions of potentially bright futures and the perpetuation of poverty. On
the other hand, obesity (which is the most well-known face of over nutrition) is becoming a
pandemic. In 2013 42 million of adult aged 18 and older were obese. This is allowing especially
when taking into account that most of the world’s population lives in countries where. Over-
nutrition kills more people than under nutrition. Causes of under-nutrition is poverty, lack of
access to food, disease, conflict, climate change, lack of access to safe drinking water, increased
demand of energy, mental health, and eating disorder. Causes of over-nutrition is limited access
to food, having a healthy diet and lifestyle and consuming dietary supplements.

Malnutrition affects people of every age, although infants, children and adolescents may
suffer the most because many nutrients are critical for normal growth and development. Other
people may develop malnutrition because aging, illness, and other factors and can sometimes
lead to a poor appetite, so they may not eat enough. Under nourishment is most often due to not
enough high quality food being available to eat. This is often related to high food prices and
poverty. A lack of breastfeeding may contribute, as may a number of infectious disease such as;
gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria and measles, which increase nutrients requirements. There
are two main types of undernutrition and dietary defiance’s. Protein energy malnutrition has two
severe forms. Marasmus (a lack of protein and calories) and kwashiorkor a lack of just protein.
Common micronutrients deficiencies include: a lack of iron, iodine and vitamin. A during
pregnancy, due to the body increase need, deficiencies may become more common. In some
developing countries, over nutrition in the forms is obesity to present within the same
communities as under malnutrition. There were 793 million undernourished people in the world
in 2015 (13% of the total population). This is reduction of 216 million people since 1990 when
23% were under nourished. In 2012 it was estimated that another to the resulted in 323,00
deaths-downs from 510,000 deaths in 1990. Other nutritional deficiencies which include iodine
deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, result in another 83,000 deaths. In 2010 malnutrition was
a cause of 14% of all disability adjusted life years. Under nutrition is more common in
developing countries. Certain groups have higher rates of undernutrition, including women-in
particular while pregnant or breastfeeding-children under five years of age, and the elderly. In
the elderly undernutrition becomes more common due to physical, psychological and social
factors. This document provides a compact of WHO guidance or nutrition interventions targeting
the first 1000 days of life. Focusing on this package of essential nutrition’s actions (ENA), policy
makers could reduce infant and child mortality, improve physical and mental growth and
development, and improve productivity

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