Logical volume management (LVM):

- Volumes can consist of more than one disk.

- Easy resize operation.
- Easy replacement of failing disks.
- Advanced options such a working with snapshots, which allows you to create
backups even if they are open.
- Easy to add new volumes.
- Easy to add many volumes.
- Upto 256 logical volume.

steps:
1- Partition physical storage
2- Create physical volume (PV) (LVM automatically segments PVs into physical
extents (PE))
3- Create volume group(VG) (PV can only be allocated to a single VG)
4- Create logical volume (LV)
- Mirroring causes each Logical Extent to map to two Physical Extents.
[root@master ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 (label the partition for
use with LVM)
[root@master ~]# pvdisplay
[root@master ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb1
[root@master ~]# pvs
[root@master ~]# vgcreate VG1 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
[root@master ~]# vgdisplay
[root@master ~]# vgdisplay VG1
[root@master ~]# vgs
[root@master ~]# lvcreate -n LV1 -L 2G VG1
[root@master ~]# lvdisplay
[root@master ~]# lvdisplay /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# lvs
[root@master ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# mkdir data
[root@master ~]# mount /dev/VG1/LV1 data
[root@master ~]# df -h

- Removing a logical volume will destroy any data stored on the logical volume.
[root@master ~]# lvremove /dev/VG1/LV1 (file system must be unmounted first)
[root@master ~]# vgremove VG1
[root@master ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
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Extending Logical Volumes (no down time):

[root@master ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde1

[root@master ~]# vgextend VG1 /dev/sde1
[root@master ~]# lvextend -L +3G /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/VG1/LV1 (update the file system for XFS
file systems)
[root@master ~]# resize2fs /dev/VG1/LV1 (update the file system for
other file systems)

Or:
[root@master ~]# lvextend -r -L +3G /dev/VG1/LV1 (extend and update in one step)
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Shrinking a volume group:
- XFS doesn't support shrinking.
[root@master ~]# umount data
[root@master ~]# resize2fs /dev/VG1/LV1 100M
[root@master ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# lvreduce --size -3G /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# lvreduce --size -r -3G /dev/VG1/LV1
[root@master ~]# vgreduce VG1 /dev/sde1 (removes sde1 from VG1)
[root@master ~]# mount /dev/VG1/LV1 data
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Device mapper:
- The kernel uses the mapper to connect to storage devices such as LVM, RAID,
LUCKS.
[root@master ~]# ll /dev/dm-0
[root@master ~]# ll /dev/mapper/VG1-LV1
[root@master ~]# ll /dev/VG1/LV1
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Create a LVM snapshot:
1- Check data on LVM volume.
2- Take a snapshoot.
[root@master ~]# lvcreate --size 100m --snapshot --name snap /dev/VG1/LV2
3- Mount sanpshoot.
4- Unmount LVM.
5- Check data.
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