1. 1.
Non commercial fuel or natural fuels which include wood, animal waste and
agricultural waste.
2. commercial fuel which include the fossil fuels(coal, oil, natural gas)
3. Hydraulic energy(Energy obtained through the use of Potential energy water).
2. The major potentials and limitations of the conventional sources of energy:
1 Major portion of the energy requirement in the world today is met by the
conventional sources of energy like coal, petroleum, natural gas and atomic fuels.
2 The conventional sources of energy exists in finite reserves in the world they are
rapid ally depleting due to increase consumption of energy . they are likely to exhausted in
future.
3 There are always danger of fire and accidents
during use of conventional sources of fuel.
4 The conventional sources of fuel have great polluting effect on environments.
5 Transportation and distribution of conventional sources of fuel are very costly.
4. The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hallvoltage)
across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electriccurrent in the
conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to thecurrent. It was
discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.
5.
When the junctions of two different metals are maintained at different
temperature, the emf is produced in the circuit. This is known as Seebeck effect.
Whenever current passes through the circuit of two dissimilar conductors, depending on the
current direction, either heat is absorbed or released at the junction of the two conductors.
This is known as Peltier effect.
Heat is absorbed or produced when current flows in material with a certain temperature
gradient. The heat is proportional to both the electric current and the temperature gradient.
This is known as Thomson effect.
6 : the angle made by a descending line or plane with a horizontal plane. 2 :
the angle between the direction indicated by a magnetic needle and the
true meridian —called also magnetic declination.
7 There are many different types of generators used today in wind
turbines, but the most common types are asynchronous generators. The
two types most commonlyused are the squirrel cage
induction generator and the wound rotor inductiongenerator—also known
as a doubly feed induction generator (DFIG).
8 High Investment Costs and Requirements for Installation,
Possibility of Depletion, Environmental Concerns.
9 It is also a cheap energy source. After the initial investment is paid off, the
cost of generating electricity is very low. Tidal energy has a
high energy density, meaning that the tides store a larger amount
of energy than most other forms of renewableenergy, such as the wind.
10 A home energy audit is a service where the energy efficiency of a house
is evaluated by a person using professional equipment (such as blower
doors and infrared cameras), with the aim to suggest the best ways to
improve energy efficiency in heating and cooling the house.
Advantages of renewable sources of energy:
1. are never exhausting sources of energy
2. available in many forms and they have unlimited supply
3. the renewable energy sources are nonpolluting.
4. are freely available to every body
5. not going through the process of combustion so high temperature and pressure are not
produced during their use.
Disadvantages :
1. not available at everywhere in uniform and steady supply.
2. Energy concentration is very less.
3. Not possible to store renewable energy sources.
4. Equipments operating on renewable forms of energy are very expensive.
5. are not very popular amongst their users due to high cost of exploitation.
Energy from renewable sources is not available on very large scale and continuously as in
conventional sources
Energy crisis: we are now interested to know how much potential is existing in our country for
the development of renewable energy sources. Conventional sources like coal, petrol, diesel etc.
are becoming more and more costly due to their increasing demand day by day. This has led to
the condition of what is popularly known as energy crisis.
Reason for Energy crisis:
1. Rapid increase in per capita consumption of coal, petrol, electricity etc.
2. Development of science and technology and rapid industrialization.
3. Increase in population.
4. Increase in transportation and communication cost.
5. Unstable political and socio economical conditions, wars, etc. In petroleum rich
countries.
6. Price escalations and restricted ownership of the sources of energy.
Advantages
Once you've built it, tidal power is free.
It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste.
It needs no fuel.
It produces electricity reliably.
Not expensive to maintain.
Tides are totally predictable.
Offshore turbines and vertical-axis turbines are not ruinously expensive to build and do
not have a large environmental impact.
Disadvantages
A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area - the
environment is changed for many miles upstream and downstream. Many birds rely on
the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed. There are few suitable sites for
tidal barrages.
Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or
out.
Advantages:
1. It is freely available from the crust of the earth.
2. It can generate large amount of power in comparison with other non - conventional sources of
energy.
3. Geothermal power plant gives higher load factor.
4. They do not pollute the environment.
5. Cost of power generation is less in comparison with other alternative source of energy.
Disadvantages:
1. They are not universal source of power. They available only at limited location.
2. There is a possibility of land – settlement when large quantity of steam and water are removed
from the earth.
3. Natural steam comes out with high noises.
4. It is connected with seismic activity and there is a possibility of earthquakes.
5. Natural steam id contaminated with gases like H2S, NH3 AND CO2 that are very
harmful.
