2 TIMES TABLES:
Add the numbers to itself
e.g. 2 x 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
Complete the following, using the above trick
2 x 3 = 3 + 3 = __ 2 x 8 = __ + __ = __
2 x 4 = __ + __ = __ 2 x 9 = __ + __ = __
2 x 5 = __ + __ = __ 2 x 10 = __ + __ = __
2 x 6 = __ + __ = __ 2 x 11 = __ + __ = __
2 x 7 = __ + __ = __ 2 x 12 = __ + __ = __
3 TIMES TABLES:
Double the other factor then add it one more time
e.g. 3 x 2 = (2 x 2) + 2
=8+2
= 12
3 x 3 = (2 x __) + __ 3 x 8 = (2 x __) + __
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
3 x 4 = (2 x __) + __ 3 x 9 = (2 x __) + __
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
3 x 5 = (2 x __) + __ 3 x 10 = (2 x __) + __
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
3 x 6 = (2 x __) + __ 3 x 11 = (2 x __) + __
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
3 x 7 = (2 x __) + __ 3 x 12 = (2 x __) + __
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
4 TIMES TABLES:
Double it, then double the result
e.g. 4 x 2 = (2 x 2) x 2
=4x2
=8
4 x 3 = (___ x 2) x 2 4 x 8 = (___ x 2) x 2
= ___ x 2 = ___ x 2
= ___ = ___
4 x 4 = (___ x 2) x 2 4 x 9 = (___ x 2) x 2
= ___ x 2 = ___ x 2
= ___ = ___
4 x 5 = (___ x 2) x 2 4 x 10 = (___ x 2) x 2
= ___ x 2 = ___ x 2
= ___ = ___
4 x 6 = (___ x 2) x 2 4 x 11 = (___ x 2) x 2
= ___ x 2 = ___ x 2
= ___ = ___
4 x 7 = (___ x 2) x 2 4 x 12 = (___ x 2) x 2
= ___ x 2 = ___ x 2
= ___ = ___
5 TIMES TABLES:
Is half the number x 10
eg. 5 x 2 = half of (10 x 2)
= half of 20
= 10
5 x 3 = half of (10 x ___) 5 x 8 = half of (10 x ___)
= half of ___ = half of ___
= ___ = ___
5 x 4 = half of (10 x ___) 5 x 9 = half of (10 x ___)
= half of ___ = half of ___
= ___ = ___
5 x 5 = half of (10 x ___) 5 x 10 = half of (10 x ___)
= half of ___ = half of ___
= ___ = ___
5 x 6 = half of (10 x ___) 5 x 11 = half of (10 x ___)
= half of ___ = half of ___
= ___ = ___
5 x 7 = half of (10 x ___) 5 x 12 = half of (10 x ___)
= half of ___ = half of ___
= ___ = ___
6 TIMES TABLES:
When you multiply 6 by an even number, they both end in the same digit
e.g. 6 x 2 = 12, 6 x 4 = 24...
6 x 2 = 12 6 x 6 = 3__
6 x 4 = 2__ 6 x 8 = 4__
7 TIMES TABLES:
Is 3x + 4x
e.g. 7 x 6 = (6 x 3) + (6 x 4)
= 18 + 24
= 42
7 x 3 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4) 7 x 8 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= ___ = ___
7 x 4 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4) 7 x 9 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= ___ = ___
7 x 5 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4) 7 x 10 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= ___ = ___
7 x 6 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4) 7 x 11 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= ___ = ___
7 x 7 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4) 7 x 12 = (__ x 3) + (__ x 4)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= ___ = ___
8 TIMES TABLES:
Is the number x4, doubled
e.g. 8 x 7 = (7 x 4) x 2
= 28 x 2
= 56
8 x 3 = (__ x 4) x 2 8 x 8 = (__ x 4) x 2
= __ x __ = __ x __
= __ = __
8 x 4 = (__ x 4) x 2 8 x 9 = (__ x 4) x 2
= __ x __ = __ x __
= __ = __
8 x 5 = (__ x 4) x 2 8 x 10 = (__ x 4) x 2
= __ x __ = __ x __
= __ = __
8 x 6 = (__ x 4) x 2 8 x 11 = (__ x 4) x 2
= __ x __ = __ x __
= __ = __
8 x 7 = (__ x 4) x 2 8 x 12 = (__ x 4) x 2
= __ x __ = __ x __
= __ = __
9 TIMES TABLES:
Your hands can help e.g.
9 x 2 = __8 9 x 6 = __4
9 x 3 = 2__ 9 x 7 = 6__
9 x 4 = __6 9 x 8 = __2
9 x 5 = 4__ 9 x 9 = 8__
12 TIMES TABLES:
Is 10x + 2x
eg.
12 x 2 = (10 x 2) + (2 x 2)
= 20 + 4
= 24
8 x 3 = (10 x __) + (2 x __) 8 x 8 (10 x __) + (2 x __)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
8 x 4 (10 x __) + (2 x __) 8 x 9 (10 x __) + (2 x __)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
8 x 5 (10 x __) + (2 x __) 8 x 10 (10 x __) + (2 x __)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
8 x 6 (10 x __) + (2 x __) 8 x 11 (10 x __) + (2 x __)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
8 x 7 (10 x __) + (2 x __) 8 x 12 (10 x __) + (2 x __)
= __ + __ = __ + __
= __ = __
Powers of ten are any numbers that are a one followed by zeros. For example, 10,
100 and 1,000 are all powers of 10.
To DIVIDE by a power of 10, move the decimal point one place to the LEFT for each
zero at the end of the number. To MULTIPLY by a power of 10, move the decimal
point one place to the RIGHT for each zero at the end of the number
DIVIDE: numbers get smaller
MULTIPLY: numbers get bigger
REMEMBER that in a whole number, decimals are always found on the end of the
number. We can put as many 0’s after a decimal as we like, without changing its
value.
50 = 50.000...
Examples
50 ÷ 10 500 ÷ 102
50.000 500.000
=5 =5
50 x 10 500 x 100
50.000 500.000
= 500 = 50,000
Complete the following questions:
(a) 56 x 1000 (e) 530 ÷ 1000 (i) 27 ÷ 10,000
(b) 78 x 100 (f) 4 x 10,000 (j) 375.5 x 100
(c) 42 ÷ 10 (g) 320 ÷ 10 (k) 9247.5 ÷ 100
(d) 369 x 100 (h) 973 x 10 (l) 0.5 ÷ 100
When both the dividend and divisor end in zeros, you can take the same number of
zeros off each, then divide.
Example
250 ÷ 50
Both numbers end in one zero 250 ÷ 50
Take one zero off each number 250 ÷ 50
Now divide 25 ÷ 5
=5
∴ 250 ÷ 50 = 5
Complete the following questions:
(a) 300 ÷ 250 (d) 2500 ÷ 100 7000
(g)
60
(b) 40 ÷ 20 (e) 180 ÷ 90 50
(h) 100
600
(c) 600 ÷ 30 (f) 500 ÷ 20 (i)
800
1. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
2. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
3. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
4. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
5. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
6. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
7. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
8. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
9. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
10. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
11. (a) Shade in all the multiples of 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
(b) Describe any patterns you see in the numbers shaded.
To find the LCM of two numbers
e.g. 9 and 12
List some of their multiples
9 12
9 12
18 24
27 36
36 48
45 60
Circle to common multiples, then determine which ones is the lowest.
In this example it would be 36
i.e. the LCM of 9 and 12 is 36
Find the lowest common multiple for each of the following sets of numbers:
(a) 4 and 10 (b) 5 and 15 (c) 6 and 14
(d) 12 and 15 (e) 8 and 12 (f) 6 and 11
This chart shows all the factors
of the numbers 1-100, and the
first 10 multiples of all the
numbers from 1-100.
This chart can be referred to
when answering questions
involving factors and multiples.
A PRIME NUMBER is a whole number which can only be divided by itself and 1. Prime
numbers must have exactly two factors.
The first few prime numbers are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 17, 19...
A COMPOSITE NUMBER is a whole number which can be divided evenly by numbers
other than 1 and itself
e.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10...
The number 1 is neither prime nor composite
Shade in all the prime numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Complete factor rainbows for the following numbers
(a) (b) (c)
25 18 45
(d) (e) (f)
28 50 20
(g) (h) (i)
63 44 81
(j) (k) (l)
42 66 24
(m) (n) (o)
64 48 36
Factor trees can be used to represent whole numbers as products of primes. Prime
numbers are found at the ends of the tree. All the primes multiplied together equal
the original number.
A factor tree for the number 42, can be done 3 different ways.
or or
the first one tells us that 21 x 2 = 42, the second one tells us that 14 x 3 = 42 and the
third one tells us that 7 x 6 = 42. 21, 14 and 6 are composite numbers, meaning they
can be split into more factors. We keep splitting the numbers until we get to the
prime numbers, which we circle.
Here we can see that the prime factors of 42 are 2, 3 and 7. It does not matter how
we do our factor tree, we will still end up with the same prime factors.
We can write 42 as a product of its prime factors like this:
2 x 3 x 7 = 42
2. Draw FACTOR TREES for the following numbers. Circle the PRIME numbers and write
the number and a PRODUCT OF ITS PRIME FACTORS
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 15 10 35
(e) (f) (g) (h)
14 27 22 25
(i) (j) (k) (l)
64 49 21 33
(m) (n) (o) (p)
18 16 45 32
The highest common factor or HCF of a set of natural numbers is the largest factor
which is common to all of them.
To find the HCF of two numbers
e.g. of 36 and 27
list their factors
36 27
1 1
2 3
3 9
6 27
9
12
36
Circle the common factors, then determine which is the highest.
In this example it would be 9
i.e. the HCF of 36 and 27 is 9
Find the highest common factor of:
(a) 12 and 16 (b) 9 and 15 (c) 14 and 56
(d) 16 and 40 (e) 24 and 42 (f) 35 and 50
(g) 24 and 60 (h) 24 and 42 (i) 28 and 70
(j) 80 and 96 (k) 64 and 288 (l) 169 and 208
