Science project
topic-Health
im of the Project
A
‘Eat healthy and live healthy’ is one of the essential requirements for
long life. Unfortunately, today’s world has been adapted to a system of
consumption of foods which has several adverse effects on health.
This global problem of consuming junk food on a large scale and its
impact on health needs emphasis and health education which can
greatly contribute to its limited consumption and switching over to
healthy eating habits for the better living. Under nutrition, vitamin and
mineral deficiencies, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases exist
side by side in many countries. My project aims to:
● Promote access to a variety of nutritious foods.
● Increase knowledge of the nutritional value of food
● Influence behaviors, attitudes and beliefs
● Develop personal skills and motivation to adopt healthy eating
practices.
Daily Life is a system of practice consisting of eight levels of
development in the areas of physical, mental, social and spiritual
health. When the body is physically healthy, the mind is clear,
focused and stress is under control. This gives the space to
connect with loved ones and maintain socially healthy
relationships. When you are healthy you are in touch with your inner
Self, with others and your surroundings on a much deeper level, which
adds to your spiritual health.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teachers,
Ayushi mam, Aparna mam and Femida mam as well as our respected
principal sir who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic –’Disaster Management’, which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research Work and I came to know about so many new
things.
I am really thankful to them .Secondly, I would also like to thank my
friends who helped me in finishing this project within the limited time
frame.
Introduction
WHO definition of Health: Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Most people accept that health can be divided into two broad aspects -
physical and mental health.Physical health means a good body health,
which is healthy because of regular physical activity (exercise), good
nutrition, and adequate rest.Mental health refers to people's cognitive and
emotional well-being.
Importance of health
Good Health is important because a man of health can enjoy great
happiness during his life time. Without health we cannot do anything in this
world. A man suffering from fever remains confined to bed. He cannot get
out of doors. He cannot do anything for anybody.
Health is more valuable than wealth. Even a poor peasant with good health
is happier than the rich person with poor health.
A sound mind lives in a sound body. Health is essential for all our activities
of life whatever we may be – a doctor, a leader, an artist, we must possess
health by all means.
We must follow the laws of health from our very childhood.
● Early rising is the first law of health, “Early to bed and early to rise
makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”.
● The first and essential condition of good health is regular exercise at
stated times. It should be moderate and given up as soon as one
feels a sense of tiredness. Excess is to be avoided and is bound to
do harm.
Appropriate Diet per Day
A diet that focuses on providing all the nutrients that your body needs. It
comprises of macronutrients like protein, carbohydrates and fat along with
micronutrients which include vitamins and minerals. Each of them has a
different role to play in maintaining various body functions. These nutrients
are derived through a combination of the five major food groups - fruits and
vegetables, cereals and pulses, meat and dairy products and fats and oils.
To keep your body running smoothly, one require three main meals
coupled with healthy snacking to curb cravings. Ideally, breakfast should be
the heaviest meal of the day but with our busy schedules all we manage to
do is chug a glass of milk and grab a toast. When our day starts on a light
note followed by a hurried lunch, you end up eating much more for dinner
than needed. While dinner should be the lightest, in a common Indian
household, it is an elaborate family meal.
Breakfast: A good morning meal should comprise of three things. These
are dietary fibre or carbohydrates (whole-grain bread, oatmeal, white oats,
wheat flakes), proteins (eggs and egg whites, yogurt, milk and sprouts) and
nuts (almonds, walnuts, apricots and figs). This way you'll eat fewer
calories the rest of the day.
Lunch: Make it a mix of high-fibre whole grains like brown rice, barley or
jowar, starchy carbs and some good source of proteins like cottage
cheese,pulses, chicken or fish. Include some probiotics like yoghurt or
buttermilk and fibre from fresh salads to complete your meal.
Dinner: Pick foods with a high satiety value that keep you full for longer
and curb midnight binging. Fill your plate with greens to load up on vitamins
and minerals. Limit carbs but don't cut them off. Combine them with some
healthy fats like fish, nuts and seed oils. Your body can use these for
regeneration and repair overnight.
Fuel up at the right time
When you eat is as important as what you eat. The key to smooth digestion
lies in the timing of the meals. The first meal of the day should be taken
about one and a half hours after waking up. Further, there should at least
be a three-hour gap between breakfast and lunch and the same between
lunch and teatime. Dinner is best enjoyed two hours before your sleep time
to allow the body to wrap up the digestion process.
SURVEY
Name: Mahesh Agrawal
Gender: Male
Age: 40yrs
What you eat in Breakfast?
I usually eat Poha, Paratha, Upma
What you eat in Lunch?
Roti, Vegetable, Dal, Salad
What you eat in Dinner?
Rice, Dal, Chapati, Vegetable
SURVEY
Name: Trapti Agrawal
Gender: Female
Age: 39 yrs
What you eat in Breakfast?
Poha, Tea, Biscuit
What you eat in Breakfast?
Roti, Vegetable, Dal, Salad
What you eat in Breakfast?
Rice, Dal, Chapati, Vegetable
Types of Junk Food and Their Nutritional
Analysis
Firstly, let us look at the actual meaning of what ‘junk food’ actually
means. Junk food is ‘pre-prepared or packaged food that has low
nutritional value’. It is clear that consumption of junk food is unhealthy for
us so, let us explore what are the types of junk food and some of their
nutritional values.
There are several examples of junk food such as---
Pizza, Burgers, deep fried stuff (such as French fries, Potato Chips),
Candies, Donuts, Pastries, Instant Noodles and others as well.
Major Contents in Junk Food Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates: The free sugar content has generally been found to be
high in carbonated beverages and desserts offered by the fast food chains.
The desserts and shakes offered by KFC and McDonalds invariably contain
very high sugar content (Official websites’ information).
Fats: Junk foods like potato chips, burgers, pizza, fried chicken etc. have
high fats content. The link between saturated fat and trans-fat and
increased risk of heart disease is well established.
Trans Fat: It is the common name for unsaturated fat with trans-isomer
(E-isomer) fatty acid(s). Trans fatty acids (TFA) are the geometrical
isomers of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty
acids having at least one non-conjugated,(interrupted by at least one
methylene group).
Salt: The amount of dietary salt consumed is an important determinant of
blood pressure levels and overall cardiovascular risk. Salt intake should not
be more than 6 g per person per day.
Now, let us see the specific nutritional values of some junk food products:
1. Potato chips : about 33g per 100g fats.
2. Carbonated drinks – about 11g of sugars and carbohydrates per 100ml.
3. Maggi – about 16g of fats per 100g.
4. Indian snacks such as aloo bhujia/kurkure – about 37g of fats per 100g.
5. Burgers – about 12 g of fats per 100g.
6. Pizza – about 9g of fats per 100g.
7. Fries – about 18g of fats per 100g.
SURVEY
Name: Vikas Gangwal Age: 47
Profession: Transport business Weight: 85 KG
Q1 - Do you always aspire for good health and fitness?
ANS.—“Yes, this is one of my main priorities. I’ve always tried to keep my
body and mind healthy and I continuously aspire for it.”
Q2 – Do you have a planned diet plan?
ANS. -- “Not as such, but yes, nowadays I’m monitoring what I’m eating
and I’m cautious about it.”
Q3 – Do you like to eat junk food?
ANS.—“I personally don’t like junk food very much but yes to say truth, I
eat sometimes with my children and at parties as well.”
Q4 – If yes, then what kind of (some ex.)?
ANS. — Noodles, pasta and soft drinks.
Q5 – How often do you eat junk food?
ANS. – “Not that often, but when I go out on an outing with my children or
friends, that is when I eat some junk food.”
AND
Would you prefer healthy food as a good choice?
ANS. – “Yes, this surely is something that every one of us should try to
eat.” Q6 – What do you think is the importance of a healthy body in your
life?
ANS. – “I firmly believe that a healthy body leads to a healthy mind. So,
having a healthy body has a lot of significance in my life.”
Q7 – Were you diagnosed with any disease recently?
ANS. – “Yes, I remember that I had suffered with cholera recently (about
5-6 months ago).”
Q8 – What medications did you take?
ANS. – “As far as I know, I took doxycycline, azithromycin and some
others.”
Q9 – Are you taking any efforts to make your body healthier?
ANS. – “Yes, I am constantly trying to make my life more healthy and
productive. Also, I will be trying my best to monitor my diet and be in full
control of my body.
SURVEY
Name: Rounak Sethi Age: 29
Profession: Insurance Officer Weight: 80 kg
Q1 - Do you always aspire for good health and fitness?
ANS. – Yes, I’ve always tried to be fit and healthy.
Q2 – Do you have a planned diet plan?
ANS. – Yes, my family has a personal dietician with the help of which I’ve prepared my
own diet plan to stick to.
Q3 – Do you like to eat junk food?
ANS. – I don’t think that I like it but as you know, sometimes I eat it.
Q4 – If yes, then what kind of (some ex.)?
ANS. – As I eat very less junk food, I’ve some selected items such as French fries,
nachos and others.
Q5 – How often do you eat junk food?
ANS. – It’s like about 2-3 times a month.
AND
Would you prefer healthy food as a good choice?
ANS. – Yes, as I’ve already told, I stick to my diet plan so of course I consider healthy
food as an extremely good choice.
Q6 – What do you think is the importance of a healthy body in your life?
ANS. – A healthy body has a lot of importance in my life and I always advice everyone
to go for it.
Q7 –Were you diagnosed with any disease recently?
ANS. – NO
Q8 – What medications did you take? ANS. – null
Q9 – Are you taking any efforts to make your body healthier?
ANS. – Yes, I’m always trying my best to make my life healthier and also, I’m constantly
attempting to avoid junk food as much as possible.
SIDE EFFECTS OF JUNK
FOOD
In today's scenario, junk food needs no introduction. Well, everyone in
this age of convenience is enjoying the taste of junk foods. Junks
foods are the most popular food because they are delicious, filling,
affordable and readily available.
Junk food is all good tasting, except the fact that it is not nutritionally
balanced. It might affect our health if consumed on the regular basis.
IT HAS WIDE RANGING SIDE EFFECTS:-
1. In the age of fast food, obesity is the most common problem. Junk
foods are loaded with lots of fat, sugar, calories, salt and
carbohydrates and therefore not all healthy.
2. It also cuts down the energy levels of the body therefore we feel
drowsy and encounter reduced concentration.
3. Our liver might be damaged due to junk food consumption.
4. One might suffer from heart diseases like cardiac arrest and
atherosclerosis.
5. One might suffer from type 2 diabetes.
6. One can suffer from peptic ulcers and indigestion.
7. It leads to fluctuations in cholesterol level.
SURVEY
NAME - Ajeet Singh Rathore
OCCUPATION- Administrator
AGE- 38
1. Do you like junk food?
- Yes
2. If yes, how frequently do you eat junk food?
- Twice in a month
3. What do you prefer- taste or health?
- Occasionally, I prefer taste and on a regular basis I prefer
health.
4. Why do you eat junk food instead of healthier options?
- I eat fast food for a change.
5. Are you experiencing any side effects of consuming junk food , like
heart problems , diabetes , etc?
- No, not really as I don’t consume it so frequently.
6. What efforts are you putting up to reduce these side effects?
- I try to exercise regularly.
SURVEY
NAME- Saurang Jain
OCCUPATION- Software Engineer
AGE- 31
1. Do you like junk food?
- Yes
2. If yes, how frequently do you eat junk food?
- Once in every 15 days.
3. What do you prefer- taste or health?
- I prefer taste over health!
4. Why do you eat junk food instead of healthier
options?
- Firstly, they have a quick service. I like the taste of fast food over
healthy food and they are inexpensive as well.
5. Are you experiencing any side effects of consuming
Junk food, like heart problems , obesity, etc?
● Unfortunately yes, I have regular fluctuations in my cholesterol
level due to consumption of saturated fats and calories. Also
,from the last month I have an increase of 5 kg in my weight.
6. What efforts are you putting up to reduce these side effects?
- I try to avoid junk food though it’s quite difficult. Also I jog for an hour
daily.
IMPORTANCE OF
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
Health is a very important factor that is paramount in the subsistence
of a person, and not only from present times, but also from really
ancient times, physical activities are considered of utmost importance
for the maintenance of good health. People who are involved in daily
physical activities have a greater life expectancy, are more active in
their lifestyle, are less prone to diseases and plus on the whole have a
better personality as compared to others. Studies have proven that
people with daily physical activity, whether old or young, have a
greater brainpower, are less prone to heart diseases, overall
performance is also boosted by daily physical activity.
Physical activity as a part of the daily routine can be inculcated by
people of all ages, from a 10 year old child, to a 55 or 65 year old
person, and benefits are observed in every single person. Hence it is
clearly observed that people with a greater daily physical activity have
an overall better lifestyle.
SOME BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY –
It's medically proven that people who do regular physical activity have:
● up to a 35% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke
● up to a 50% lower risk of type 2 diabetes
● up to a 50% lower risk of colon cancer
● up to a 20% lower risk of breast cancer
● a 30% lower risk of early death
● up to an 83% lower risk of osteoarthritis
● up to a 68% lower risk of hip fracture
● a 30% lower risk of falls (among older adults)
● up to a 30% lower risk of depression
● up to a 30% lower risk of dementia
SURVEY
NAME – Praveen Singh
OCCUPATION – Lawyer
AGE – 35
EDUCATION – L.L.B, L.L.M level qualification
1. Is physical activity a part of your daily routine?
“Yes, it is, I jog every morning and evening. And I also play basketball
with my son at times, mostly on weekends. So this is a great physical
activity for me.”
a. At what time do you start jogging and eat breakfast?
I start jogging at 5 o’clock in the morning and I eat breakfast strictly
at 7 o’clock
a. At what time do you sleep and eat dinner?
I sleep at 9 o’clock at night, because in think plenty of sleep is also
really important, and I eat dinner at 7 o’clock, and then I walk for
sometime
a. Does your diet include junk food, or much calories or fats?
Yeah you can say that it includes some calories and fats, but then
they are neutralised due to the exercises, and junk food is once a
month.
a. What is your weight?
My weight is around 70 kg.
2.Have you been diagnosed with any diseases?
“No, not really, you see, fortunately, I am free from all the diseases,
and I don’t have any, so yeah, no diseases have been diagnosed”
a. What medications do you take?
Null
a. When was this disease diagnosed?
Null
3.How is physical activity on a daily basis helping you?
“Physical activity on a daily basis has proven to be of great help. It
keeps me active, it keeps me healthy, and it makes me immune to
diseases, one of the reasons I think I’m free from diseases is
because I am physically active, physical activity also keeps me fit,
and tops, there are many other benefits”
4.On an estimated basis, how much do you exercise daily?
“You see, I jog for around 1 hour 30 minutes every morning, and
same during the evening, but according to me, the jogging
environment really makes a difference, I never prefer jogging on the
streets, instead, in the nearby gardens or clubs.”
5.How do you suggest to spread awareness about the importance of
physical activities?
“As of what I think, everyone knows how important exercises are,
they reduce stress, keep one fit and healthy and what not, but still,
people are not ready to resort to exercising, that is the reason obesity
is paramount in India you see, so it’s really a bit of waste of time
according to me to aware people about the importance, as they
already know about it, so it’s their mind-set again that matters.”
SURVEY
NAME – Kartik Modi
OCCUPATION – grocery store owner
AGE – 40
EDUCATION – General businessman, no formal educational qualification
1. Is physical activity a part of your daily routine?
No, I really don’t have time for any physical activities on a daily basis,
so I don’t do any physical activities daily, not really.
a. At what time do you wake up and eat breakfast?
I wake up at 9:00 A.M, because then I have to open the store at 10
o’clock, but there is no concept of breakfast, I eat my lunch at 1
o’clock, and then I have tea at 4:30 P.M, and I eat something else at
6 o’clock
a. At what time do you sleep and eat dinner?
I sleep late at around 11 o’clock at night, because I get free from
work, and then I eat dinner at 9 o’clock
a. Does your diet include junk food, or much calories or fats?
Yes, I eat junk food at times, Pohas and Jalebis, Kachoris, Samosas
etc., and yes, fats and calories are actually necessary in food you see,
it has to be tasty enough
a. What is your weight?
My weight is 98 Kg.
1. Have you been diagnosed with any diseases?
Yes, I have been diagnosed with diabetes type A
a. What medications do you take?
Medications prescribed by Doctor Sunil M. Jain, and sugar test
every day with the help of machine at my home, and I have been
advised to jog and exercise daily but then I don’t have time for all of
it, I have also been advised to not eat sugary foods, as that can harm
me, but sometimes I prefer to eat sugary foods.
a. When was this disease diagnosed?
It was diagnosed when I was 30 years old.
1. How is physical activity on a daily basis helping you?
Null, as the person does not do any physical work
1. How is physical activity on a daily basis helping you?
Null, as the person is not involved in any physical activity
1. How do you suggest to spread awareness about the importance of
physical activities?
I don’t really wish to spread any awareness, because I myself am not
involved in any physical activity on a daily basis and it has not affected
me much, like not doing any physical work and doing it does not really
make a difference to me, so I pretty much don’t care, and who has time
for others in the busy life. But if people do exercise, then it’s good
enough.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Nutritional_Analysis_Junk_Food.pdf
http://readanddigest.com/junk-food-facts-and-health-effects/
http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/junk-food-facts
www.wikipedia.com
www.healthline .com
food.ndtv.com
NEWSPAPERS:
● THE TIMES OF INDIA
● THE HINDU
http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999.php
http://www.importantindia.com/20428/short-paragraph-on-importance-of-good-health/
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/Whybeactive.aspx
http://www.webmd.com/men/features/exercise-benefits#4
