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MULTI THREADED AIRPORT SIMULATION

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this software is to reduce the manual errors involved

in the Airport Surface Traffic Control, which is an important element
of the overall Air Traffic Control System(ATC), where the future is
to study Airfield ground traffic automated control system and
model’s system performance in a real-time ATC environment.

The main purpose of this project is to simulate a simple Aiport

system and determine maximum aircraft throughput and mean
system time for a given airport design. Where the complete air traffic
control system consists of 7 major area’s they are: Generator, Sky,
Transducer, Control Center, Runway, Taxiway and Gate. Although
Flight Information Display System’s and Apron Control System’s
are simulated.
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1.2 DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS

The document has used underlined words to highlight the user

requirements it also uses capital lettered words to highlight keywords The
document has tried to maintain a priority of requirements. The priority has
been determined by the judgment of the author and many subject to change.
Priority of higher level requirement is inherited by detailed requirement.
The document has used short form for some commonly abbreviated terms.

1.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE AND READING SUGGESTIONS

The document is intended to be a guide for developers, users and

testers. The goal of this document is to provide the foundation for the
future enhancement airport airspace simulation model. A developer
may directly can know the requirements by reading the section of
USER REQUIREMENT and skipping other sections if required.

1.4 PROJECT SCOPE

1. Analysis of airport surface traffic systems with objects such as

aircraft, runway, taxiway and aprons. Extensions to the airspace
network can also be done in the future.

2. Establish an experimental modeling library that could be used as a

basic toolkit for researchers to study different ATC ground
control strategies.

3. Provide the foundation for the next generation airport airspace

simulation model.
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4. Verify the platform independent modeling capabilities of the

JAVA language in the context of an airport engineering
application.

1.5 REFERENCES

[1] MULTITHREADED AIRPORT SIMULATION project specification:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/Multithreaded-Airport-Simulation.

[2] “Text book” SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: A practitioner’s approach

Roger S.pressman,6th edition, MC Grawhill International Edition,2007.

[3] Air Traffic Control System :

http://www.en.wikipeadia.org/wiki/Air-Traffic-Control.

[4] Flight Information Display System : http://www.airport-FIDS.com

[5] Apron Control :

http://www.searidgetech.com/site/solution/apron-management.

[6] UML : Grady Boach, James Rumbaugh, lvar Jacobson:

The Unified Modeling language user guide, Pearson Education.

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2. OVERALL DESCRIPTION
2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE

An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed- wing aircraft,

helicopters and blimps (takeoff and land).Aircraft may be stored or
maintained at an airport. An airport consists of at least on surface
such as a Runway for a plane to takeoff and land (or) a helipad and
often includes buildings such as control towers, hangars and
terminal buildings.
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The proposed simulation will be flexible by allowing quick-

modifications to represent various studies such as airfield capacity
analysis, airport surface traffic safety evaluations, or airline flight
scheduling. Studies on airport operations have mainly addressed
ground network traffic control, airport terminal operations, aircraft
landing and takeoff distributions, and network flow management.

The contineous aircraft accidents on the ground has prompted the

airport to speed up the development of automated tools and procedures to
further protect against aircraft collisions on the ground.

2.2 PRODUCT FEATURES

Airport simulation involves following features they are:

2.2.1 Air Traffic Control Features [3]

 Aircraft Registration
 Actual Time of Landing and Departure
 Number of Circuits
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 Runway Used
 Number and Type of Approaches
 New Estimates of Arrival and Departure
 New Flight Information

2.2.2 Flight Information Display System[4]

 Departures and Arrivals LCD board

 Check–in counter monitors

 Departures and Arrivals display monitors

 Gates monitors

 Belt monitors
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 Staff pc(display summary information about flight departures

on Arrivals)

2.2.3 Apron Control System [5]

 Stand Allocation

 Aircraft vehicles parking

 Block On/Off (If not entered by the airline/handling agent)

 First Bag Last Bag Times

 Ground Services Supplied to the Aircraft

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2.3 USER CLASSES AND CHARACTERISTIC

PILOT :

1. Aircraft pilots are trained professionals who fly

airplanes carrying passengers, cargo and mail.
2. conduct preflight check to ensure that all gauges and
equipment are in working order.
3. operate Radio equipment to contact tower for takeoff,
clearance and arrival instruction.
4. operate plane during takeoff, flight and landing.

PASSENGER:
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A Passenger is someone who Arrives in, Departs from or

transfer through the airport on a given day.

ADMINISTRATOR:

An administrator may be a dedicated staff whose

responsibility is managing airport database. They may
whish to update/add/delete any information in existing flight
/schedule. They may need to create and manage complete
information of airlines and airport

2.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

Server CPU: Intel Xeon Processor; 2 GHz Memory: 2 GB Hard

disk drive: 100 GB Operating systems: Windows 2000
server/2003 server, Linux, HP-UX, Solaris Software:
Application server, database, J2EE environment

Input-Output CPU: Intel Celeron Processor; 3 GHz

Terminals Memory: 1 GB
Hard disk drive: 160 GB
Software: Browser (Microsoft Internet Explorer Version
6.0 or higher)

Display CPU: Intel Celeron Processor; 3 GHz

Device Memory: 1 GB
Controller Hard disk drive: 160 GB
Software: Browser (Microsoft internet explorer version 6.0
or higher)

Display Device types: Plasma display, CRT display, large image

Devices projector, specially designed large display device, etc.
Display resolution: 1,280 x 768 pixels (Wide XGA)**
Display color: 16.77 million colors**

Network 10/100BASE-T Ethernet (TCP/IP)

2.5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS

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1. The airport system is designed based on UML diagram along

with ER modeling.
2. Standard procedures for airport system typically assume that there
is no constraint on aircraft operation and do not provide good
estimates when constraints exits.

2.6 USER DOCUMENTATION

1. Final release will be accompanied with a user guide to inform

new users now to use this software.
2.The system will be designed as user friendly as possible.

2.7 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

1. Passengers of the airport are assumed to have a complete flight

information on the internet.
2. Scheduling services are assumed to be available.
3. Airport monitoring system has the collaboration with every
aircraft that it must be able to communicate with pilots.

3. SYSTEM FEATURES
3 .1 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

3.1.1 Description and Priority

Operate the Air Traffic Control system to maintain an orderly

flow of air traffic.They move each aircraft within their designated
sector of the airspace.

3.1.2 Stimulus/response sequence

If any problem occurs on the ground or in the airspace, then Air

Traffic Controller system handle’s the problems with the “radio
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navigation- systems” or “surveillance systems” or “satellite

positioning systems”

3.1.3 Functional Requirements

Req# Description Priority

REQ-1 ATC is used to prevent collisions to [Priority =High]
organize and expedite the flow of
Traffic and to provide information to
the Pilot.
REQ-2 “Controlled Airspace” is used for [Priority=Medium]
controlling aircraft.
REQ-3 Generator model generates new [Priority= High]
aircraft at a time generated by the
exponential pdf function.
REQ-4 Aircraft in Sky are placed in a FIFO [Priority= High]
buffer that acts as the airspace
REQ-5 Transducer acts as the holder for all [Priorit
Airplanes exiting the system ,it collects y=Medium]
statistics about the performance of the
system.
REQ-6 Control Center provides control over [Priority = High]
utilization of airport resources, it waits
for input from the sky, runway and
taxiway.
REQ-7 The Runway is modeled as a resource [Priority = High]
that is only available to one aircraft at a
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time. It can be of any one state of four

state : idle, landing, takeoff or crash
REQ-8 Taxiway model consists of two FIFO [Priority = High]
buffers, one buffer for landing aircraft
that are moving to a gate and another
for aircraft ready for takeoff moving
towards the runway.
REQ-9 The Gate in this system is a simple [Priority = Low]
resource that can only be occupied by
one plane at a time and has only 3
states: idle, busy or collided.
REQ-10 If the Runway is available for landing, [Priority=High]
then the control center pulls the
airplane at the front of the buffer and
sends it to the Runway
REQ-11 Once the airplane is landed on [Priority = High]
Runway, it is placed in the
Taxiway2gate buffer. Other airplanes
are now free to use the Runway.
REQ-12 As the airplane is placed at the Gate, it [Priority = High]
is moved to Taxiway2Runway buffer.
If Runway is available this airplanes
will be send back to Runway for
Takeoff.

3.2 FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM

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3.2.1 Description and Priority

It provides real time updates of Flight Information to all

Passengers through technology such as Plasma Television Screen
and Liquid Crystal Display System.

3.2.2 Stimulus/Response Sequence

If any changes had been made for Flight Scheduling, then this
new Software provides updated flight information and it is
displayed on Monitors located in the passengers on terminal
buildings, the internet and on phones.

3.2.3 Functional Requirements

Req # Description Priority

REQ-1 It provide information to the passengers for the [Priority=High]

required procedures from the airport door way
until the embarcation to aircraft and from the
disembarkation from the aircraft until the exit
of airport.
REQ-2 To provide information about aircraft [Priority=High]
schedules flight for staff, passengers, media,
mobile telephony and internet.
REQ-3 The information displayed on the screen is [Priority=High]
refreshed for every five minutes.
REQ-4 To know the exact departure or arrival time of [Priority=Low]
a flight, web users can select to view the
information in ascending order by airlines, city
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or time.
REQ-5 Flight schedule will be displayed on a [Priority =
particular day, for past and future schedule Medium]
consult to airlines.
REQ-6 It consists of a series of video monitors, gate [Priority=High]
and baggage information displays. And an
automated interactive voice response system.

3.3 APRON CONTROL SYSTEM

3.3.1 Description and Priority

It is a area where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refueled

or boarded.Although the use of the Apron is covered by regulations,
such as lighting on vehicles.

3.3.2 Stimulus/Response Sequence

If at all any problems occurs in loading or unloading, refueled or

boarding, then the problem can be solved by “Ground Crew”

handler (ground support equipment).

3.2.3 Functional Requirements

Req # Description Priority

REQ-1 Provides air traffic controllers with complete [Priority=Medium]
situational awareness including non
cooperative target monitoring.
REQ-2 Provides airport operations with billing and [Priority = High]
business intelligence information by tracking
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until aircraft and monitoring aircraft gate

usage times during the day and over-night
parking.
REQ-3 Increases security by monitoring [Priority = High]
unidentifiable vehicles or persons around
parked aircraft.

4. EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENT

4.1 USER INTERFACE

 The system should provide a help link for passengers on
each display web page to explain how to use that page
 The airport management shall permit the passengers to access
the Flight scheduling, enquiry, Flight information details etc.,
on web page.

4.2 HARDWARE INTERFACES

 Central Processing Unit,
 Hard Disk,
 Projector,
 Plasma Tv , CRT.

4.3 SOFTWARE INTERFACES

 Operating system: we have chosen Window XP for its best
support.
 Microsoft internet explorer version 6.0 or higher.
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4.4 COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

 Airport management authority should send an e-mail

message to the user to confirm the flight details.
 Updated light information details should be provided on
passengers mobile or mail before the time.
5. OTHER NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

1. Takeoff :
 Takeoff speed
 Takeoff runway required
 Takeoff climb required
 Obstacle clearance requirement

2. Landing :
 Landing speed
 Landing runway required
 Landing climb required

5.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Following steps are taken for safety improvements they

are :
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 Precision approach and landing systems, from

radio-frequency guidance (ILS), to satellite-based
navigation
 Visual docking guidance systems for aircraft
parking

 Automated meteorological systems

5.3 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

 Travelers are screened by metal detectors. Explosive

detection machines used include X-ray machines and
Puffer Machines. Explosive detection machines can
also be used for both carry on and checked baggage.
 A branch of the local police department stationed at
the airport
 Members of the local police department assigned to
the airport as their normal patrol area.

5.4 SOFTWARE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES

5.4.1 Availability : The flight should be available on the

specified date and specified time.

5.4.2 Correctness : The flight should reach start from correct

start terminal and should reach correct
destination.
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5.4.3 Maintainability: The administrator and flight-in charges

should maintain correct schedule of flight.

5.4.4 Usability : The flight schedules should satisfy maximum

number of passenger’s needs.

6. OTHER REQUIREMENTS

6.1 DATA CATEGORIES REQUIREMENTS

6.1.1 DESCRIPTION

This section describes the category of data required by the

system. Because there is no actual complete data set available
for use we will produce the needed data synthetically. This
data will be more formally represented in our entity relational
design data model. The complete Air Traffic control Tower
can be managed by this data system.
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6.1.2 REQUIREMENTS LIST

 A List of Airports including:

 Airport Name
 Abbreviation
 Location
 City
 State
 zip code (If possible)
 Time zone
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 The information about several Flights, more specifically:

 Flight id
 Airline
 Flight number
 Departure/Arrival Date/Time
 Departure/Destination Airport
 Seats
 Total / Vacant
 Seat Number
 First Seats
 Coach Seats
 Type plane
 Fare

 Information of Reservations made:

 Flights id
 Email
 Passenger names
 Credit card type/number
 Address
 Total Price
 User Information, most importantly containing:
 Email
 Password
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 Reservations

APPENDIX A : Glossary

1.ATC = Air Traffic Control

2.ASTC = Air Surface Traffic Control
3.AGTCS = Air Ground Traffic Control System
4. FIDS = Flight Information Display System
5.LCD = Liquid Crystal Display

APPENDIX B : Analysis Models

 Modeling of airport capacity and delay
 Technology impacts
 Demand forecasts
 Cost analysis
 Delays

 investments
 Sensitivity of benefits
 Air traffic control
 Merge
 Diverge
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APPENDIX C : ISSUE LIST

1. The airport management office is responsible for observing and

reporting the condition of the landing area.

2. It is the responsibility of the agency operating the airport to

provide the tower with current information regarding airport
conditions :
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 Relay the information to the airport manager’s office

 Copy verbatim any information received and record the

name of the person submitting it

 Confirm information obtained from other than authorized

airport

3. Civil airport managers are required to provide a list of airport

employees who are authorized to issue information concerning
conditions :
 If you are unable to contact the airport management or
operator, issue an unsafe list to airport condition and
inform the management as soon as possible.
 Issue to aircraft is only a factual information, as reported
by the airport management concerning the condition of the
runway surface, describing the accumulation of
precipitation

4. Issue airport condition information for an aircraft’s safe

operation in time for it to be useful to the pilot. Include the
following as appropriate :
 Construction work on or immediately adjacent to the
movement area
 Rough portions of the movement area
 Braking conditions caused by ice, snow, slush, or water
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 Snowdrifts or piles of snow on or along the edges of the

area and the extent of any plowed area
 Parked aircraft on the movement area

 Irregular operation of part or all of the airport lighting

system
 Volcanic ash on any airport surface area and whether the
ash is wet or dry (if known)
 Other pertinent airport conditions