PURPOSE OF TAKING ADVANCE ROTC
A Research Presented to the Faculty
Of Criminal Justice Education
North Luzon Philippines State College
Candon City, Ilocos Sur
In Partial Fulfillment
of the
Requirements for the Subject
Criminological Research and Statistics
VALDEZ, BENJIE B.
DULI, JAVIER L.
ARELLANO, ESPERANZA H.
North Luzon Philippines State College
2018
CHAPTER I
The Problem
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to the Republic Act 9163, otherwise known as the "National
Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001", was Congress' answer to the
clamor for change in the ROTC program. It was promulgated by the 12th Congress
of the Philippines on 23 January 2002. Under the NSTP Program, both male and
female college students of any baccalaureate degree course or technical
vocational course in public or private educational institutions are obliged
to undergo one of three program components, one of which is ROTC, for an
academic period of two semesters. However, ROTC as a pre-requisite for
graduation was rescinded.
Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the "Citizen Armed Forces of the
Philippines Reservist Act", was enacted by the 8th Congress of the
Philippines on 27 June 1991. The Reservist Act provided for organization,
training and utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as "Citizen
Soldiers". The primary pool of manpower for the reservist organization are
graduates of the ROTC basic and advance courses.
ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary
commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines.
The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United
States Department of War through the Governor-General and received the
services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor
of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit
in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on
3 July 1922.
In 1921, National University became the first private college in the
Philippines to have an ROTC unit. Later in the same year, Ateneo de Manila
University, Liceo de Manila, and Colegio de San Juan de Letran soon followed
suit and organized their own respective ROTC units. In 1936, the Office of
the Superintendent for ROTC Units under the Philippine Army was activated to
supervise all ROTC units in the country.
National Defense Act of 1935, President Manuel Quezon controlled the
National Assembly which enacted the National Defense Act of 1935
President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1706 in 1980
President Corazon Aquino signed Republic Act 7077 into law in 1991
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Republic Act 9163 into law in 2002.
National Defense Act of 1935, President Manuel L. Quezon issued
Executive Order No. 207 in 1939 in order to implement the National Defense
Act of 1935, otherwise known as Commonwealth Act No. 1,[4] the embodiment of
the national defense plan formulated by General Douglas MacArthur for the
Philippine Commonwealth. This executive order made ROTC obligatory at all
colleges and universities with a total enrollment of 100 students and
greater. This measure was made in order to help fill out the reserve force
requirement of 400,000 men by 1946 and especially for junior reserve
officers.
The college from which ROTC originated is Norwich University in
Northfield, Vermont. Norwich was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont as the
American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy.
ROTC at the University of Florida during the 1920s. The concept of ROTC
in the United States began with the Morrill Act of 1862 which established
the land-grant colleges. Part of the federal government's requirement for
these schools was that they include military tactics as part of their
curriculum, forming what became known as ROTC. The college from which ROTC
originated is Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. Norwich was founded
in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont as the American Literary, Scientific and Military
Academy. The university was founded by former West Point instructor Captain
Alden Partridge, who promoted the idea of a "citizen soldier"—a man trained
to act in a military capacity when his nation required, but capable of
fulfilling standard civilian functions in peacetime. This idea eventually
led to the formation of Reservist and National Guard units with regimented
training in place of local militia forces.
The Department of Military Science, through the Army Reserve Officers
Training Corps (ROTC) offers students the opportunity to receive a commission
as a Second Lieutenant in the Regular Army, Amy Reserve or National Guard.
The ROTC Advance course consists of three distinct components which is MS
111, Leadership Development and Assessment Course of LDAC and the MS IV. The
pre-requisite of the ROTC advance course and the requirement can also be
fulfilled by attending an ROTC internship. (Brannan 2015)
According to John Tao of Standard University, Army ROTC is for student
introduce leadership and personal development and provide foundation for
leadership course topics include personal challenge and competencies for
effective leadership, goal setting, time management, physical fitness and
stress management related to leadership and officer ship. In addition,
students learn leadership fundamentals such as setting direction, problem
solving, listening, presenting briefs, providing feedback and effective
writing skills in the contest of practical and interactive exercises.
During the presidency of Manuel L. Quezon an Executive Order No. 207 in
1939 was issued in order to implement the National Defence Act of 1935,
otherwise known as the Commonwealth Act No. 1, the embodiment of the National
Defence plan formulated by General Douglas Mc Arthur for the Philippines
Commonwealth. This Executive Order made ROTC obligatory to all Colleges and
Universities with the total enrolment of 100 students and greater the measure
was made in order to help fill out the reserve from recruitment of 400,000
men by 1946 and especially for juniors reserve officers.
Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the “Citizen Armed Forces of the
Philippines Reservist Act” was enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines
on 27 June 1991. The Reservist Act provided for organization training and
utilization of reservist. The primary organizations are graduates of ROTC
basic and advance course.
In the modern ROTC, Republic Act 9163, otherwise known as the National
Service Training Program or the NSTP Act of 2001 promulgated by the 21th
Congress of the Philippines on January 23, 2002. Under the NTSP program both
male and female college students of any baccalaureate degree course of
technical vocational course in public or private education Constitutions are
mandatory to undergo one of the three components, one of which ROTC for and
academic period of two semester. ROTC as pre-requisite for graduation was
rescinded.
ROTC in the Philippines is one of the three optional components of
National service Training program from Filipino College students, the ROTC
aims was to provide military education and training for students to mobilized
them for National Defence preparedness it include preparation of college
students for service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of
emergency and their training to become reservist and potential commissioned
office to AFP
The ROTC grants qualified students cadets scholarship benefits through
a merit based incentives program in return for an obligation of Military
Service in the Reserve Force the student participate in Regular ROTC
instruction during the school year (one year for basic ROTC student-cadets
and three years for advance ROTC cadets-officers) and extended training
activities during summer, such as ROTC summer Camp training (RSCTI).
ROTC units in colleges and universities are organized through the
Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST) which is under joint
supervision of the school administration and Department of National Defence,
these ROTC units are in turn manage by active service, the Philippines Army
Reserve Command of the Philippine Army, and the Philippine Navy Reserve
Command of the Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air force of the Philippines
of the Philippine Air Force.
North Luzon Philippines State College accommodates and offers ROTC as
one components of NSTP, the mandatory requirement course for all students
definitely to all the students who taking up BS Criminology. Through this,
NLPSC shows their participation to the said, sovereignty and to impart
knowledge and skills about leadership and defence. ROTC students are the
volunteers who facilitate the students during school programs and to control
the crowd. They are also the volunteers in some outreach program like tree
planting and cleaning operations.
The following are the benefactors of the study:
Researchers. The implication drawn from this study would be a basis
for helping and encouraging the students who plan to take and choose
Advance ROTC Course.
ROTC Officer. The study will be a great help to create new learning
techniques and strategies.
Students. They could able to know why they need to take up an advance
ROTC.
ROTC Coordinator. The result of this study will be great help for them
to create new learning techniques and strategies that helps them to improve
their teaching ROTC.
School. They could be able to implement and facilitate projects
concerning in development of the curriculum of Advance ROTC.
Future Researcher: The result of this study might be used as their
future basis reference assignment or paper work.
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The study highlights the importance of security awareness in
developing a democratic security as postulated by Clausewitz in his Trinity
of War. Clausewitz’ pioneering theory can be utilized to support each of
the following postulates.
Defense preparedness yields better results if added to National
Security Awareness. Educational perennials postulates that education,
especially those programs that are considered of National significance,
should focus on teaching topics having “eternal value” and positive social
effect (Barrow, Robin, and Woods, 1971). A democratic education ought to
give utmost regard to justice, social equality, and nationalism. Thus, ROTC
training should equally focus on both theoretical topics and military
training. Among these essential theoretical topics are security and civic
awareness.
This section presents several theories and pertinent studies in order
to give justification of this research study.
According to John Tao of Standard University, Army ROTC is for student
introduce leadership and personal development and provide foundation for
leadership course topics include personal challenge and competencies for
effective leadership, goal setting, time management, physical fitness and
stress management related to leadership and officer ship. In addition,
students learn leadership fundamentals such as setting direction, problem
solving, listening, presenting briefs, providing feedback and effective
writing skills in the contest of practical and interactive exercises.
The skill theory grew from the obvious flaw in the trait approach;
traits are relatively fixed. Skills theorist sought to discover the skills
and abilities that made leaders effective.
Skills theories are leader-centric and focused on what
characteristics about leaders make them effective. According to Robert Katz
there are three-skill approaches argued that effective leadership required
three skills: technical, human and conceptual. Technical skill can be
defined as knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or
activity. Second, Human skills can be seen in interactions between leaders,
their followers and team members. Lastly, conceptual skills could be
described as leader’s ability to work with ideas and concepts and the
ability to see the enterprise as a whole.
According to North use (2015, p. 6) defines leadership as process
whereby a leader influences followers to perform in a given situation.
Based on this common understanding leadership can be looked in terms of
these individual components; leader, follower or situation) or a
combination of these components.
Skills theory can be used to develop effective leaders, as it
addresses leadership as something that is accessible to everyone. By
covering wide variety of behaviors, skills theory can be used in many
leadership situations. Examples of skills that effective leaders can learn
include listening, flexibility, persuasion and assertiveness.
Research Paradigm.
The input is profile of the ROTC Officers/respondents in terms of the
following: age, sex, course and year. It shall undergo to the process where
proceed ROTC/respondent area, it shall undergo the process where proceed to
ROTC officers/respondent area, starting to float the questionnaire or data,
gather the data or questionnaire, describe or summarize the data, analyze
and synthesize the data or questionnaire, determine the perceived problem,
and evaluate the possible solution.. Finally, the output of the study is
students of North Luzon Philippines State College taking the Advance ROTC
subject.
INPUT PROCESS INPUT
The Profile of the Proceed to The students of
ROTC respondent area. North Luzon
Officers/Respondents Starting to float Philippines State
in terms of the the questionnaire. College taking the
following: Gather the data or advance ROTC
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study determined the purpose of ROTC officer in taking the advance
ROTC of The North Luzon Philippine State College Candon City S.Y. 2017-
2018.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents ROTC officers/Respondents in
terms of the Following:
a. Age:
b. Sex:
c. Course:
d. Year Level:
2. What is the purpose of the ROTC students in taking Advance ROTC in
terms of
a. Self-development
b. Social-development
c. Educational-development/educational-assistance
Chapter 2
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Design
This study will use descriptive-survey method of research since it
will describe the profile of the respondents in terms of age; sex; address;
and course; and year level and secondly what is the purpose of the ROTC
Officers/respondents in taking advance ROTC.
Descriptive research attempts to describe to and explain conditions of
the present by using many subjects, questionnaires, to fully describe a
phenomenon.
Population and Locale of the study
The respondent of this study will be the students taking the advance
ROTC in North Luzon Philippines State College located at Brgy. San Nicolas,
Candon City.
Data Gathering Tools
Questionnaire will be the main instrument in gathering the needed data
for this study
The questionnaire is composed of Two (2) parts. The first part
pertained to the profile of the student taking ROTC, and the second part is
the purpose in taking advance ROTC.
Data Gathering Procedures
After the approval of the research title, the researchers
Conduct Main Reason of student why Taking Advance ROTC at North Luzon
Philippines State College. After collecting all the data the
researchers, with the help of the satisfaction tabulated and survey.
Treatment of Data
The statistical tools that will be used in the treatment of the
gathered data are:
Frequency count and percentage. Since it describe the profile of the
respondent of this study.
Weighted Mean. It will be used to determine the purpose of ROTC
Officers in taking advance ROTC at North Luzon Philippines State College.
CATEGORIZATION OF DATA: The descriptive equivalent rating and the ways
of values are presented below using four (4) point linker scale.
B. How do respondents perceive the purpose of the ROTC Officers in taking
advance ROTC.
Numerical Evaluation Descriptive Equivalent
3.26- 4.00 STRONGLY AGREE
2.51-3.25 AGREE
1.6- 2.50 DISAGREE
1.00- 1.75 STRONGLY DISAGREE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Instruction: Please answer correctly the appropriate questions.
PART I. Profile of Students who are Taking advance ROTC subject
AGE:____
SEX: female_____ Male_____
COURSE: ______________________ YEAR: ______________________
Part II. Please put check on the corresponding box on the space provided
which will best describe your purposed in taking the advance ROTC.
4- Strongly Agree 3- Agree 2- Disagree 1- Strongly Disagree
4 3 2 1
STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE
Self-Development:
1. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
build strong self-confidence.
2. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
maintain my physical fitness.
3. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
develop self-disciplined.
4. Taking Advance ROTC to be more
responsible student/cadet.
5. Taking Advance ROTC to train
myself to be independent.
6. Taking Advance ROTC to train
myself just like military
members to be firm and brave.
7. Taking Advance ROTC to train
myself to make my decisions and
will.
8. Taking Advance ROTC to challenge
myself to become a leader/a
Cadet Officer.
9. Taking Advance ROTC to minimize
my timidity.
10. Taking Advance ROTC to build my
fear to surround by a lot of
people.
Social Development
1. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
deal with other people.
2. Takes the opportunity to meet
other people.
3. Taking Advance ROTC to develop
good relationship with others.
4. Taking Advance ROTC to resilience
to community in cases of emergency
5. Taking Advance ROTC to prepared in
times of emergency.
6. Taking Advance ROTC to have a
opportunity for the youth to
empower.
7. Promotion of Nationalism and
Patriotism.
8. Taking of Advance ROTC to improve
the leadership.
9. Taking Advance ROTC to referral
of military career or aspirants.
10. Taking Advance ROTC to develop
manpower and leadership.
Educational Development/Assistance
1. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
gain allowances through ROTC
scholarship program.
2. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
improve my studies.
3. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
come to school earlier.
4. Taking advance ROTC helps me to
widen my knowledge for my future
job.
5. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
become officers in Army Reserve
Command (ARESCOM) and given the
opportunity to priority in the
Officers Candidate School (OCS).
6. Motivational factor students to
excel in their studies.
7. Taking advance ROTC helps me to
become instructor through Active
Duty Training (ADT)
8. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
familiarize the different parts of
firearms.
9. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
practice the chain of command.
10. Taking Advance ROTC helps me to
practice the functions of the
Battalion Staff.
