Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
One of the most important and crucial decision to
make in life of senior high school students is to decide
and choose the perfect track and strand for their future
(course in college). The proper guidance in selecting their
desired career is needed in this stage of their life. Where,
they arrived at the right decision considering their
capacities, educational benefits, own reasons and their
other considerations. Sadly, not many of them have been
guided properly into making the right decision. Many
parents either make decision for them or give them freedom
to choose without raising certain details necessary for
making an informed decision.
The researcher’s curiosity and their uncertainty of
their chosen strand lead them to conduct this research
study to help others and themselves to make them feel that
they chose the right strand base on what they want for
their future, have passion for what they do or will do and
to not regret what they chose for that is there choice.
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This study gives information for those who do not
know or those who are uncertain in their decision of their
chosen strand.
One of the significant features of the K-12 systems
is the integrations of specialized tracks designed to help
students in determining their respective career paths. The
K-12 program’s goal and purpose is to enhance the student’s
ability based on what they want to do after graduation. K-
12 has four tracks-academic, technical-vocational, sports,
arts and design.
This study focuses on ABM strand that stand for
Accountancy, Business and Management. ABM strand focus on
the basic concepts of financial management, business
management, corporate operations and all things that are
accounted for. This strand is for those who plan on taking
up Economics, Business Administration, Accountancy,
Entrepreneurship, Marketing in College and other business
courses.
Most likely this strand could lead the students to
their maximum development and ultimate success; the
students are given assistance in attaining a high level of
efficiency and satisfying results in the activities in
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which they will engage in. As a whole, they will be helpful
in formulating systematic goals and plans for their future.1
Generally, this study aims to discover the Variates
that Affect the Choice Strand of ABM senior high school
students in UEP that will take up business courses after
they take the ABM strand.
This research will give enough and pertinent
information and proper interpretations characteristics to
help them make decision in choosing strands.
Objective of the Study
The main purpose of the study aims to discover and
identify the Variates that Affect the Choice of Strand of
ABM students in UEP for senior high school that with take
business course or will starts their own business after
graduating.
The study, would like to find the following:
1. Determine the socio-demographic profile of the
respondents.
1.1 Sex
1.2 Family (Monthly) Income
2. Identify the variates affect the choice of strand of
senior high school students.
1
Christanelle, C. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking the Business Course as ABM Senior
High School Students in the University of San Agustin. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com on
September 28, 2017
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2.1 Identify the reasons of senior high school
students of choosing the ABM strand and their
plan after graduation.
2.2 Find advantages of the SHS students in choosing
the ABM strand.
2.3 Look for the benefits of choosing the ABM
strand of the respondents.
3. Determine if the variables such as the profile and the
variates affect the choice of strand of ABM senior
high school students.
Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is it can help the
school of UEP to help, guide and improve the decision
making of the incoming senior high school students in
choosing their career preference.
It can be a reference for the teacher to help the ABM
SHS students in choosing their future career and they can
also offer more relevant courses suited for them and for
the need of the society so it can limit the emergence of
labor mismatch.
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In the parents case they will be more aware of their
children’s career preferences so they can understand,
support and guide them in deciding what to take.
And also for the incoming SHS students they can have
an insight of what ABM is, the reasons to be ABM students,
the benefits and advantages of being ABM students. 2 It also
make the ABM senior high school students feel that they
should not regret that they chose the ABM strand, that
taking the ABM strand is the first step for achieving their
dreams.
On the overall, this study can serve as a reference
in helping the teachers, parents and incoming senior high
school students, and also this study is to help and give
essential information concerning of the career/track and
strand preferences of students from Senior High School of
University of Eastern Philippines. This study also can be
an eye opening for the incoming senior high school students,
in choosing ABM strand.
2
Christanelle, C. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking the Business Course as ABM Senior
High School Students in the University of San Agustin. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com on
September 28, 2017) .
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Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focuses on Senior High School students of
University of Eastern Philippines who are taking up ABM
strand for school year 2017-2018.
The researchers have a limited time for conducting
and making this research study. The knowledge of the
researchers is limited and also the availability of the
resources that related of this study is limited. There’s no
ROL/RRL about the study in the location of the study or
where this study is conducted.
The study focuses on the SHS students of UEP so the
results of this research may not be generalizable to
students outside of Northern Samar.
Theoretical Framework
The study anchored on the theory of H.B Gelatt the
Decision making theory or the Positive Uncertainty that
this theory does not believe that decision making is
rational and will follow the seam structure every time a
career decision needs to be made. Gelatt argued that an
individual could two attitudes when dealing with change.
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They would need to:
1) Accept the past, present and future as uncertain,
2) Be positive about the uncertainity.
Gelatt believed that there were four factors that
could be used to guide an individual in the decision making
process
The following is a brief summary from Gelatt, 1991:
These four factors include: 1) What you want, 2) What you
know, 3) What you believe and 4) What you do?
Galett stressed the Importance of Positive Uncertaint.
Gelatt believed that it was important to use positive
attitudes and factors to provide flexibility and balance.
It does so by combining the traditional, linear, rational,
left-brain approach with the creative, nonlinear, intuitive,
right-brain approach into an ambiguous, paradoxical set of
principles for planning and deciding.
The most important principles are that an individual
continues to be: focused and flexible, be aware and wary,
be objective and optimistic and be practical and magical
This theory is found to be appropriate of its
stressfulness in terms of choosing a career that and it
relates to ABM SHS students in choosing their chosen strand
and concerned with ongoing choices across the life span.
The decisions that we make are influenced by our awareness
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of the choices that are available to us and our knowledge
of how to evaluate them.3
Another theory that can support the Decision-making
theory of Gelatt is the Cognitive theories of career
development are built around how individuals process,
integrate and react to information. The ways in which
individuals process information are determined by their
cognitive structures. These structures influence how
individuals see themselves, others and the environment.
Cognitive theories suggest ways to help clients build or
refine a hierarchy of thinking skills and decision making
skills that influence career development. And the other
theory is the theory of Parson’s the Talent-matching approach,
in the theory which he wrote “In the wise choice of vocation
there are three broad factors: A clear understanding of yourself,
your aptitudes, abilities, interests, ambitions, resources, and
limitations; A thorough knowledge of the requirements and
conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages,
3 Gelatt, H. B. (1992) Positive Uncertainty: A Paradoxical Philosophy of
Counseling Whose Time Has Come. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from
https://www.ericdigests.org/1992-3/positive.html September 28, 2017
9
compensation, and prospects in different lines of work; and True
reasoning on the relations of these two groups of acts.”4
4 Raphe, P. (2010). My Thesis Proposal. Retrieved from Slide Share
https://www.slideshare.net/rap3r/my-thesis-proposal on September 28,
2017
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Conceptual Framework
There are various variables that directly or
indirectly affect the senior high school students in
choosing the ABM strand such as the Independent variables
and the dependent variables. The Independent variables such
as the Profile of the respondents include the sex, and the
monthly income, and the Variates that contain the SHS
students reasons, plan after taking ABM strand or after
graduation, the advantages and the benefits in taking the
ABM strand.
For Profile the researcher assumed that most of the
Female senior high school students are taking ABM strand
rather than Male SHS students. Their family monthly incomes
are most likely Php. 1 000-10 000.
For the Variates it also assumed that the most
reasons of the SHS students in choosing the ABM strand are
because of their dream career, the course that they want in
college are related to the strand, the advantages of taking
the strand for improving their skills and knowledge, and
the benefits that they can get affect their decision in
taking ABM strand (the Dependent variable).
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Both of the Independent variables such as the Profile
and the Variates can affect the Dependent variable. The
conceptualization of the study is shown in Figure 1.
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INPUTS OUTPUT
Independent variables Dependent
Variables
1. Profile
1.1 1.1 Sex
1.2 (Monthly) Income
Senior High School
2. Variates
Accountancy, Business and
2.1 Reasons
Management student’s choice
2.1.2 Plan of ABM SHS
of strand.
after graduation
2.2 Advantages
2.3 Benefits
Figure 1: Show that the Independent Variables affect the
Dependent variables
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Hypothesis
The following hypotheses are formulated for acceptance
or rejection of the study:
1. The socio-demographic profiles such sex, and income
does not have significance of the choice of strand
of senior high school students.
2. The variates such as reasons, plan of the ABM senior
high school students after graduation, advantages
and benefits does not have significance of the
choice of strand of senior high school students.
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Definition of Terms
ABM Strand. In this study ABM strand is one of the Academic
tracks. This means Accountancy, Business and Management.
This track also id for those who plan on taking up
Economics, Business Administration, Accountancy and
Marketing in college.
Emergence of labor mismatch. Refers to the inefficient
employment which, the field of specialization does not
match with the profession landed
K-12 system. is the newly implemented educational system in
the Philippines where in it covers Kindergarten and 12
years of basic education to provide sufficient time for
mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners
and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level
skills development, employment and entrepreneurship.
Opportunities. These are favorable juncture of
circumstances. In this study, opportunities would refer to
the circumstances favorable employment or pursuing a career,
e.g. location, trends, high pay, etc.
Senior High School. is the second part of secondary education
under the K-12 program, wherein the students would take up
the subjects under their career pathway specialization.
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Socio-Demographic Profile. refers to sex, age, parent’s
educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income,
and sibling position.
Variates. A variate is a generalization of the concept of
a random variable that is defined without reference to a
particular type of probabilistic experiment. It is defined as
the set of all random variables that obey a given
probabilistic law.
Correlational. is simply defined as a relationship between
two variables. The whole purpose of using correlations in
research is to figure out which variables are connected.
5Christanelle, C. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking the Business Course as ABM Senior High School
Students in the University of San Agustin. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com on September 28, 2017
6Joshua,J. (2015). Factors Affecting Senior HighSchool Track Preferences of Grade 9 Students of Don Bosco
Technology Center, Inc. Academic Year 2014-2015: A Basis for Career Guidance Program. Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu on September 28, 2017
7MaryDel, J. (2013). Labor Mismatch in the Philippines: Analysis of the Impact of Education-Occupation Mismatch on
Wage and Analysis of the Beveridge Curve. Retrieved from http://www.pes.org.ph on September 28, 2017
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8Eric, W. "Variate." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Variate.html on
October 12, 2017
9Devin, K. (2017) Correlational Research: Definition, Purpose & Examples. Retrieved from
http://study.com/academy/lesson/correlational-research-definition-purpose-examples.html on October 12,2017
