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 Systems - All Articles

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Virtualization

How to Install Oracle Linux 6.3 with a Btrfs

Root File System
by Alvaro Miranda
This article is a step-by-step guide for installing Oracle Linux 6.3 with a Btrfs root file system on
an Oracle VM guest.

Published February 2013

Download the Oracle Linux 6.3 ISO File
Share the Installation Media
Create a New Oracle VM Guest
Perform an Interactive Installation
Perform an Installation with a Kickstart File
Take an Automatic Snapshot with Btrfs
Appendix
See Also
About the Author
About UXC Red Rock Consulting

This article provides instructions for installing Oracle Linux 6.3 with a Btrfs
root file system on an Oracle VM guest. The first install will be interactive. Want technical articles
The second install will be unattended using a simple kickstart file. like this one delivered to
Download the Oracle Linux 6.3 ISO File your inbox? Subscribe
Go to Software Delivery Cloud (requires login) and then do the following: to the Systems
Community Newsletter—
 Download the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 DVD image. only technical content for
sysadmins and
 Download the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 Unbreakable
developers.
Enterprise Kernel boot ISO image.

In this guide, we will use x86_64 (64 bit) as the desired architecture, as
shown in Figure 1.

Note: The Appendix contains more information about various ways you can download Oracle Linux ISO
files.
Figure 1
Share the Installation Media
Create an install source by copying the contents of the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 DVD image to a
location that is accessible by HTTP.

To do this, you can execute the following commands as root:

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/path
# mount -o loop,ro /path_to_the_iso /media
# rsync -av /media/ /var/www/html/path
# umount /media

Now mount the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel boot ISO image, and
replace the contents of the images directory.

# mount -o loop,ro /path_to_the_iso /media

# rm -fr /var/www/html/path/images
# rsync -av /media/images/ /var/www/html/path/images
Create a New Oracle VM Guest
Using Oracle VM, create a new virtual machine (VM), as shown in Figure 2, by right-clicking the server
pool and selecting Create Virtual Machine.

Figure 2
Set the properties of the virtual guest, as shown in Figure 3. In this example, we have a repository for the
virtual guest called repo00with 768 MB of RAM, Oracle Linux 6 as the OS, and a domain type of Xen
PVM (paravirtualized).
Figure 3
Set the disk for the virtual guest, as shown in Figure 4. In this example, we will use a physical disk
called ssd4.
Figure 4
Select Network for the boot options for the install, as shown in Figure 5. In this example, because the
virtual guest is PVM, we will perform the installation by HTTP.
For the Network Boot Path, specify the URL to the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 DVD image that
you shared in the "Share the Installation Media" section.
Figure 5
Perform an Interactive Installation
We will do the first installation interactively to have a look at the new options.

Start the virtual guest and take the control of the remote console. This can be done by right-clicking the
virtual machine and selectingLaunch Console, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6
Select the language for the installation, as shown in Figure 7. In this example, the language is English.

Figure 7
Select the keyboard type, as shown in Figure 8. In this example, the type is US.

Figure 8
Select the installation method, as shown in Figure 9. In this example, the installation method is URL.
Figure 9
Configure the TCP/IP options, as shown in Figure 10. In this example, we enable IPv4 with DHCP and
leave IPv6 disabled.
Figure 10
Enter the URL for the Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 3 DVD image, as shown in Figure 11, and then
click OK. In this example, the URL is http://zfs/stuff/ol63.
Figure 11
The installation starts, as shown in Figure 12. Click Next.
Figure 12
Select the type of storage devices, as shown in Figure 13. For this example, select Basic Storage
Devices.
Figure 13
Select the nearest city in your time zone and review the selections for time zone and the system clock, as
shown in Figure 14. In this example, Auckland, Pacific/Auckland, and UTC are selected.
Figure 14
Enter a password for the root user, as shown in Figure 15.
Figure 15
Select the desired partition layout schema, as shown in Figure 16. For this example, select Create
Custom Layout.
Figure 16
The list of available devices is shown, as shown in Figure 17. In this example, select xvda, and
click Create.
Figure 17
Select Standard Partition, as shown in Figure 18.
 Figure 18
Create a boot partition to hold the kernel, as shown in Figure 19, by making the following selections:

 Mount Point: /boot

 File System Type: ext4
 Size (MB): 200
 Figure 19
Add a new partition for the operating system, as shown in Figure 20. In this example, we will define our
Btrfs file system to hold the operating system, by making the following selections:

 Mount Point: /
 File System Type: btrfs
 Size (MB): 6000
 Figure 20
Add a new partition for the swap area, a special device that acts as a secondary memory in disk to free
up memory from RAM, as shown in Figure 21. In this example, we set a minimal swap area by making the
following selections:

 File System Type: swap

 Size (MB): Fill to maximum allowable size
Figure 21
The layout is shown for confirmation, as shown in Figure 22. Review the layout and then click Next.
Figure 22
A warning is shown to confirm proceeding with the creation of partitions and formatting, as shown in
Figure 23. Click Write changes to disk.
Figure 23
A window is shown for the boot options, as shown in Figure 24. For this example, accept the default
options, and click Next.
Figure 24
A new window is shown to allow you to select different software or add an additional software repository,
as shown in Figure 25. For this example, accept the default options, and click Next.
Figure 25
The installation begins, as shown in Figure 26.
Figure 26
Once the installation is finished, a congratulation window is shown, as shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27
In this installation, because the virtual guest is configured to boot and install the OS using the Oracle
VM Manager, we need to shut down the virtual guest and configure the boot option to boot from disk. To
do this, go to Oracle VM Manager, right-click the virtual machine, and select Stop, as shown in Figure 28.
Figure 28
A confirmation window is shown. Click OK.

Figure 29
Right-click the virtual machine and select Edit.
Figure 30
The next change is required to allow the virtual guest to boot from the disk. Select the Boot Order tab.
Then remove Network from the Boot Order panel and add Disk to the Boot Order panel.

Figure 31
Now, power on the virtual guest and review the root file system, as shown in Figure 32.
 Figure 32
Perform an Installation with a Kickstart File
A kickstart file is a file that contains answers for the Oracle Linux installer. It allows you perform an
unattended installation. On a newly installed Linux machine, the file /root/anaconda-ks.cfg is a
kickstart file, and it contains the options that were used to install that machine.
Using the anaconda-ks.cfg file, or executing system-config-kickstart, is a simple starting point
for creating complex and sophisticated kickstart files. Using any text editor, you can modify and
personalize a kickstart file.
The installer allows you to pass the kickstart file from the installation media, a hard drive, remote HHTP,
FTP, or NFS. Test what works best for you.

For this next installation, we will use the following options:

 20 GB LUN for the virtual machine

 HTTP kickstart file that is parsed from a CGI script

 A file system layout that has the following characteristics: a /boot mount point that is 200 MB and is of
file system type ext4
 A swap mount point that is 2000 MB

 A root (/) mount point that is 200 MB and can grow to the maximum allowable size
To keep the install simple, we will use a kickstart CGI script that takes an argument from the URL that is
the host name.

The installation performed by this kickstart file will leave the virtual guest machine in a shut-down state.
Afterwards, you need to set the boot order to Disk. Otherwise, the machine will reboot and reinstall again.

See the Appendix for my kickstart CGI script; you can adapt it to take more arguments than just
the hostname argument.
To use the kickstart file, do the following.

In this example, we will reuse the guest virtual machine. Select a new physical disk, as shown in Figure
33.
Figure 33
Set the boot order to Network, as shown in Figure 34, and pass an argument to the script by typing the
following into the Network Boot Path field.
--args ks=http://zfs/cgi-bin/ks.sh?hostname=server1 http://zfs/stuff/ol63
Figure 34
Start the virtual machine. Take control of the remote console and watch what happens.

Note: If you want to see a video of what an unattended install looks like, use this
link: http://youtu.be/wmzm9GU9E2c.
Once the installation is finished, the guest will shut down, as shown in Figure 35.
Figure 35
Edit the boot order to set the default to Disk, and then start the machine.
Figure 36
Now, you can check that the file system's size and the host name are as expected, as shown in Figure 37
and Figure 38.
Figure 37
 Figure 38
Take an Automatic Snapshot with Btrfs
Now that our system has a root file system with Btrfs, we can benefit from features such as the snapshot
capability.

Let's update the server using public-yum.orcle.com, as follows:

1. Configure the server to use public-yum.oracle.com:

2. cd /etc/yum.repos.d
3. wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
4. Install the yum snapshot plug-in:

5. yum install yum-plugin-fs-snapshot

6. Review existing subvolumes or snapshotting:
7. btrfs subvolume list /
8. Update the server:

9. yum update
Note: The output shown in Listing 1 shows running yum -y update, which will answer yes to any
question. The output has been truncated to focus on the automatic snapshot capability. The complete
output can be found in the Appendix.
[root@server1 ~]# btrfs subvolume list /
ID 259 top level 5 path install

[root@server1 ~]# yum -y update

Loaded plugins: fs-snapshot, security
ol6_latest/primary | 21 MB 04:06
ol6_latest 17941/17941
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 will be updated
..
Upgrade 8 Package(s)

Total download size: 2.1 M

Downloading Packages:
(1/8): bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64.rpm | 870 kB 00:00
..
Running Transaction
fs-snapshot: snapshotting /: /yum_20121006234515
Updating : dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch 1/16
...

Updated:
bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-
0.10.rc1.el6_3.4
dracut.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-
284.0.1.el6_3.1
strace.x86_64 0:4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2 systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:1.7-
5.0.1.el6_3.1
tzdata.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6

Complete!
[root@server1 ~]# btrfs subvolume list /
ID 259 top level 5 path install
ID 261 top level 5 path install/yum_20121006234515
[root@server1 ~]#
Listing 1
In case anything goes wrong, you have options. Figure 39 shows some information from the Btrfs wiki,
which explains how to do rollbacks with Btrfs.
Figure 39
Appendix
Where You Can Download Oracle Linux ISO Images
Oracle Linux can be freely downloaded and distributed, as explained in the Oracle Linux wiki.
Oracle provides ISO images of the installation media as well as individual RPM packages (including
errata and updates) via the Oracle Public Yum repository.
The primary and official resource for getting Oracle Linux (and Oracle VM Server) ISO images is
the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud(formerly known as E-Delivery), which requires registration.
Oracle Linux is also listed on DistroWatch.com and Linux Questions.org.
Sample Kickstart CGI Script That Accepts Variables
Table 1 shows an example of a Linux CGI script that accepts variables on the right and an equivalent
script for Oracle Solaris on the left. The Linux version is a standard bash script and has been tested on
Oracle Linux 5 and Oracle Linux 6.

Table 1
Oracle Solaris Script Linux Script
#!/usr/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
## ##
## ##
saveIFS=$IFS saveIFS=$IFS
IFS='=&' IFS='=&'
parm=($QUERY_STRING) parm=($QUERY_STRING)
IFS=$saveIFS IFS=$saveIFS

#the next part converts the arguments #the next part converts the arguments
into into
#variables like var_hostname #variables like var_hostname

for ((i=0; i<${#parm[@]}; i+=2)) for ((i=0; i<${#parm[@]}; i+=2))

do do
declare declare
var_${parm[i]}=${parm[i+1]} var_${parm[i]}=${parm[i+1]}
done done

#check var_hostname, set an initial #check var_hostname, set an initial

value to value to
#variable var_hostname if empty #variable var_hostname if empty

[ "$var_hostname" ] || [ "$var_hostname" ] ||
var_hostname=localhost var_hostname=localhost

echo Content-type: text/plain echo Content-type: text/plain

echo "" echo ""

/usr/bin/cat << EOM /bin/cat << EOM

hostname $var_hostname hostname $var_hostname
EOM EOM

Sample Kickstart CGI Script That Accepts a Host Name from a URL
Listing 2 shows an example kickstart CGI script for Linux that will accept a host name from a URL. For
Oracle Solaris, instead use#!/usr/bin/bash on the first line.
#!/bin/bash
##
saveIFS=$IFS
IFS='=&'
parm=($QUERY_STRING)
IFS=$saveIFS
for ((i=0; i<${#parm[@]}; i+=2))
do
declare var_${parm[i]}=${parm[i+1]}
done

[ "$var_hostname" ] || var_hostname=localhost

echo Content-type: text/plain

echo ""

/bin/cat << EOM

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

install
poweroff
url --url=http://zfs/stuff/ol63
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
#network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
network --hostname=$var_hostname --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp
--noipv6
rootpw --iscrypted <crypted_password_goes_here>
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --enforcing
timezone --utc Pacific/Auckland
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=xvda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb
quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
#clearpart --none
zerombr
clearpart --all --drives=xvda

part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200

part / --fstype=btrfs --grow --size=200
part swap --size=2000

repo --name="UEK2 kernel repo" --baseurl=http://zfs/stuff/ol63/UEK2/ --

cost=1000
repo --name="ol6_latest" --baseurl=http://zfs/stuff/ol6_latest --cost=1000

#we added 2 packages at the end of the %packages section

#oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
#all dependencies and parameters for Oracle databases
#yum-plugin-fs-snapshot
#to automatically take snapshots when we update or install new packages

%packages
@base
@client-mgmt-tools
@console-internet
@core
@debugging
@directory-client
@hardware-monitoring
@java-platform
@large-systems
@network-file-system-client
@performance
@perl-runtime
@server-platform
@server-policy
pax
python-dmidecode
oddjob
sgpio
certmonger
pam_krb5
krb5-workstation
perl-DBD-SQLite
btrfs-progs
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
yum-plugin-fs-snapshot
%end

EOM
Listing 2
Figure 40 shows the output from running the script shown in Listing 2.

Figure 40
Full Output for yum Update with Automatic Snapshot
Listing 3 shows an example of the full output that is generated when doing an automatic snapshot.

[root@server1 ~]# btrfs subvolume list /

ID 259 top level 5 path install
[root@server1 ~]# yum -y update
Loaded plugins: fs-snapshot, security
ol6_latest/primary | 21 MB 04:06
ol6_latest 17941/17941
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 will be updated
---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 will be an update
---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 will be updated
---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 will be an update
---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3 will be updated
---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 will be an update
---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3 will be updated
---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 will be an update
---> Package strace.x86_64 0:4.5.19-1.11.el6_2.1 will be updated
---> Package strace.x86_64 0:4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2 will be an update
---> Package systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:1.7-5.0.1.el6 will be updated
---> Package systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:1.7-5.0.1.el6_3.1 will be an update
---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2012c-3.el6 will be updated
---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6 will be an update
---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2012c-3.el6 will be updated
---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================
Updating:
bind-libs x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 ol6_latest 870 k
bind-utils x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 ol6_latest 181 k
dracut noarch 004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 ol6_latest 112 k
dracut-kernel noarch 004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 ol6_latest 21 k
strace x86_64 4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2 ol6_latest 171 k
systemtap-runtime x86_64 1.7-5.0.1.el6_3.1 ol6_latest 166 k
tzdata noarch 2012f-1.el6 ol6_latest 449 k
tzdata-java noarch 2012f-1.el6 ol6_latest 154 k

Transaction Summary
==========================================================
Upgrade 8 Package(s)

Total download size: 2.1 M

Downloading Packages:
(1/8): bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64.rpm | 870 kB 00:00
(2/8): bind-utils-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64.rpm | 181 kB 00:00
(3/8): dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch.rpm | 112 kB 00:00
(4/8): dracut-kernel-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch.rpm | 21 kB 00:00
(5/8): strace-4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2.x86_64.rpm | 171 kB 00:00
(6/8): systemtap-runtime-1.7-5.0.1.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 166 kB 00:00
(7/8): tzdata-2012f-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 449 kB 00:00
(8/8): tzdata-java-2012f-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 154 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Total 1.4 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:01
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03:
NOKEY
Retrieving key from http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03:
 Userid: "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group)
<[email protected]>"
From : http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
fs-snapshot: snapshotting /: /yum_20121006234515
Updating : dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch 1/16
Updating : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64 2/16
Updating : 32:bind-utils-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64 3/16
Updating : dracut-kernel-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch 4/16
Updating : systemtap-runtime-1.7-5.0.1.el6_3.1.x86_64 5/16
Updating : tzdata-java-2012f-1.el6.noarch 6/16
Updating : strace-4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2.x86_64 7/16
Updating : tzdata-2012f-1.el6.noarch 8/16
Cleanup : dracut-kernel-004-284.0.1.el6_3.noarch 9/16
Cleanup : dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.noarch 10/16
Cleanup : tzdata-java-2012c-3.el6.noarch 11/16
Cleanup : tzdata-2012c-3.el6.noarch 12/16
Cleanup : 32:bind-utils-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3.x86_64 13/16
Cleanup : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3.x86_64 14/16
Cleanup : systemtap-runtime-1.7-5.0.1.el6.x86_64 15/16
Cleanup : strace-4.5.19-1.11.el6_2.1.x86_64 16/16
Verifying : tzdata-2012f-1.el6.noarch 1/16
Verifying : dracut-kernel-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch 2/16
Verifying : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64 3/16
Verifying : strace-4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2.x86_64 4/16
Verifying : 32:bind-utils-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4.x86_64 5/16
Verifying : dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.1.noarch 6/16
Verifying : tzdata-java-2012f-1.el6.noarch 7/16
Verifying : systemtap-runtime-1.7-5.0.1.el6_3.1.x86_64 8/16
Verifying : strace-4.5.19-1.11.el6_2.1.x86_64 9/16
Verifying : 32:bind-libs-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3.x86_64 10/16
Verifying : dracut-004-284.0.1.el6_3.noarch 11/16
Verifying : 32:bind-utils-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3.x86_64 12/16
Verifying : dracut-kernel-004-284.0.1.el6_3.noarch 13/16
Verifying : systemtap-runtime-1.7-5.0.1.el6.x86_64 14/16
Verifying : tzdata-2012c-3.el6.noarch 15/16
Verifying : tzdata-java-2012c-3.el6.noarch 16/16

Updated:
bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.4 bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-
0.10.rc1.el6_3.4
dracut.noarch 0:004-284.0.1.el6_3.1 dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-
284.0.1.el6_3.1
strace.x86_64 0:4.5.19-1.11.el6_3.2 systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:1.7-
5.0.1.el6_3.1
tzdata.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2012f-1.el6

Complete!
[root@server1 ~]# btrfs subvolume list /
ID 259 top level 5 path install
ID 261 top level 5 path install/yum_20121006234515
[root@server1 ~]#
Listing 3
See Also
  "How I Got Started with the Btrfs File System for Oracle Linux," by Margaret Bierman with Lenz
Grimmer
 "Btrfs — The Next Generation File System for Linux"
 "How I Use the Advanced Capabilities of Btrfs," by Margaret Bierman with Lenz Grimmer
 "Btrfs Compression," by Wim Coekaerts
 "Playing with Btrfs," by Wim Coekaerts
About the Author
Alvaro Miranda is a Senior Consultant DBA at UXC Red Rock Consulting New Zealand, specializing in
Linux, Oracle VM, Oracle E-Business Suite, and engineering systems. Prior to Red Rock, he worked at
Oracle Chile as a Support Engineer for Oracle E-Business Suite and at Experian Services as a UNIX
consultant for the global single-instance Oracle E-Business Suite migration project.
About UXC Red Rock Consulting
UXC Red Rock Consulting is the largest independent provider of Oracle consulting and managed
services in Australia and New Zealand. Established in 1998, it provides a complete service continuum
around the Oracle stack.
Revision 1.0, 02/21/2013

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