DETAILS CALCULATION
1.0 REACTOR SIZING
1.1 Volume of Reactor
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀, 𝐅𝐀𝟎
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐕𝟎 =
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐀, 𝐂𝐀𝟎
𝑦𝐴0 𝑃0
𝐶𝐴0 =
𝑅𝑇0
476.6125 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟
𝑦𝐴0 =
967.225 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟
= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟕
0.4927 (1 𝑎𝑡𝑚)
𝐶𝐴0 =
𝑚3 . 𝑎𝑡𝑚
(8.205 × 10−5 ) (423𝐾)
𝐾. 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 14.1959 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑚3
476612.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ𝑟
𝑉0 =
14.1959 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑚3
= 33573.95 𝑚3 /ℎ𝑟
𝐕𝐂𝐒𝐓𝐑 = 𝐕𝟎 𝛕
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐕𝟎 = 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞
𝛕 = Retention time
𝝉 = 𝟐𝟎𝒔 (Raymond J, 2010)
𝑚3 1ℎ𝑟
𝑉𝐶𝑆𝑇𝑅 = 33573.95 × × 20𝑠
ℎ𝑟 3600𝑠
𝐕𝐂𝐒𝐓𝐑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟓𝟐𝐦𝟑
1.2 Diameter of Reactor
𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝟏: 𝟑 (Sinnott, 2005)
𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝑳
𝑽= , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝑳 = 𝟑𝑫
𝟒
𝜋𝐷2 (3𝐷)
𝑉=
4
3 3
𝑉= 𝜋𝐷
4
3
186.52𝑚3 = 𝜋𝐷3
4
𝑫 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟗𝒎
1.3 Length of Reactor
𝑳 = 𝟑𝑫
𝐿 = 3(4.29𝑚)
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝒎
1.4 Thickness of Reactor
Design pressure as 10% above operating pressure (Sinnott, 2005)
30 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 30 𝑏𝑎𝑟
= (30 − 1) × 1.1
= 31.9𝑏𝑎𝑟
= 3.19𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Design Temperature: 150ºC
Typical design stress: 135 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Cylindrical Section
3.19𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × (4.28𝑚 × 103 𝑚𝑚)
𝑒=
2 × 135 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 − 3.19𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
= 51.17𝑚𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
= 51.17 + 2 = 53.17 ≈ 𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝒎 (0.053m)
𝟐
2.0 Volume of hemispherical dome = 𝝅𝒓𝟑 ,
𝟑
4.29𝑚
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑟 = = 2.145𝑚
2
3
Volume of hemispherical dome = 𝜋(2.145𝑚)3
4
= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟑
There are two domes (top and bottom), thus total volume of dome = 23.09m3 x 2 = 46.51m3
2.1 Total Volume of Reactor
𝑽𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 + 𝑽𝑫𝒐𝒎𝒆
𝑉𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 186.52𝑚3 + 46.51𝑚3
= 𝟐𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟑𝒎𝟑
2.2 Total Length Of Reactor
𝑳𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑳𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 + 𝑫𝑫𝒐𝒎𝒆
𝐿 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 12.88𝑚 + 4.29𝑚
= 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟕𝒎
3.0 Stirrer
3.1 Type of Stirrer
The viscosity of the liquid obtained from Appendix C (Sinnott, 2005). The type of stirrer is
determined from the graph below. Thus, from the volume of reactor and the viscosity obtained,
the agitator used is propeller agitator.
𝟏 𝟏
Log (viscosity) = [VISA] x ( - )
𝑻 𝑽𝑰𝑺𝑩
Where VISA and VISB = Constants in the liquid viscosity
Viscosity in mNs/m2
T in K
1 1
Log (viscosity) = [555.30] x ( - )
423𝐾 260.64
Viscosity = 0.1521 mNs/m2 = 0.1521 cP
3.2 Diameter of stirrer
The ratio of diameters of stirrer and vessel falls in the range, d/Dt=0.3-0.6 (Shah, 2012)
Reactor diameter, Dt = 4.29 m
𝑑
= 0.6
𝐷𝑡
Diameter of stirrer = 0.6 x 4.28 m = 2.574 m
3.3 Distance of stirrer from the bottom of reactor
The distance of stirrer from the bottom of the reactor is height of reactor, H/6 (Shah, 2012)
Height of reactor = 12.88 m
The distance of stirrer from the bottom of the reactor
𝐻
=
6
12.88𝑚
=
6
= 2.147 m
3.4 Thickness of stirrer
The thickness of stirrer is diameter of stirrer, d/8 (Shah, 2012)
𝑑
Thickness of stirrer =
8
2.574𝑚
=
8
= 0.3218 m
3.5 Distance of lower radial stirrer to upper axial stirrer
The distance of lower radial impeller to upper axial impeller is height of reactor, H/2 (Shah,
2012)
Height of reactor = 12.88 m
The distance of lower radial impeller to upper axial impeller
𝐻
=
2
12.88 𝑚
=
2
= 6.44m
3.6 Distance of upper axial stirrer to fluid level
The distance of upper axial stirrer to fluid level is height of reactor, H/3 (Shah, 2012)
Height of reactor = 12.88 m
The distance of upper axial stirrer to fluid level
𝐻
=
3
12.88 𝑚
= 3
= 4.293 m
4.0 Reactor’s Baffles
4.1 Width of Baffles
𝟏
𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒔 = × 𝑫𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝟏𝟎
1
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑠 = × 4.293𝑚
10
= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟗𝟑𝒎
4.2 Distance Of Baffles From Reactor’s Walls
𝟏
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒍 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = × 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝟑
1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = × 0.4293𝑚
3
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝒎
4.3 Length Of Baffles
Offset of baffles from bottom if the tank
𝑑
=
2
2.574 𝑚
=
2
= 1.287m
Lenght of Baffles = Lenght of Reactor − top and bottom offset
= 12.88 m – 2(1.287m)
= 10.306 m
5.0 Cooling Jacket
5.1 Space between Jacket and Vessel
From the Coulson and Richardson Volume 6, if the vessel used is large vessel then the
space between the jacket and vessel is 300mm which is 0.3m.
5.2 Diameter of Cooling Jacket
4 𝑥 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤,𝐴
De =
𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑃
1 1
Pitch between the baffles =
4
x 𝜋r2 = 4 x 𝜋(2.145m)2 = 3.614m
4 𝑥 (0.3𝑚 𝑥 3.614)
De = = 0.554m
2(0.3𝑚+3.614𝑚)
SPECIFICATION DATASHEET
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION DATASHEET
General Information
Type of equipment Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
Function The place where the raw materials of
methanol crbonylation process are
converted into product.
Number of unit 1
Material of construction Stainless steel (Grade 316)
Operating Information
Operating pressure (bar) 30
Operating temperature (℃) 150-177
Operating condition Continuous
Feed flow rate (kmol.hr) 967.22
Column Design Information
Reactor volume without dome closure (𝑚3 ) 186.52
3 233.03
Total reactor volume (𝑚 )
3 46.51
Volume of hemispherical dome closure (𝑚 )
Diameter of reactor (m) 4.29
Length of cylinderical section (m) 12.88
Length of hemispherical head (m) 2.145
Total length of reactor (m) 17.17
Thickness of reactor (m) 0.053
Width of baffles (m) 0.429
Distance of baffles from vessel wall (m) 0.143
Length of baffles (m) 10.306
Distance of cooling jacket from vessel wall (m) 0.30
Diameter of cooling jacket (m) 0.554
Diameter of stirrer (m) 2.574
Distance of stirrer from bottom reactor (m) 2.147
Thickness of stirrer (m) 0.322
Distance of lower radial impeller to upper axial 6.44
impeller (m)
Distance of upper axial stirrer to fluid level (m) 4.293
REFERENCES
Raymond J. (2010). Pump around reactor for production of acetic acid. Retrieved from
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8530696
Shah, M. (2012). Material Process Engineering: Agitation & Mixing. Retrieved from
http://www.dduanchor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Process-Engineering-Agitation-
Mixing.pdf
Sinnott, R. K. (2005). Coulson & Richardsons Chemical Engineering Design, 4th edition.
Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Series, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-
8497(00)00184-4
