ID : in-8-Factorisation [1]
Class 8
Factorisation
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Answer the questions
(1) Find factors of following polynomial
A) xy - 7y + 9x - 63
B) xy - 5y + 6x - 30
(2) Write the following polynomials in factored form.
A) 90p3q3r2 + 18p3q3r B) 48pqr + 96qr3
C) 21x 2z2 + 30y 3z D) 36x 2y3z2 + 72x 2y3z3
(3) Find factors of following polynomial
A) y2 - 2y - 24
B) y2 - y - 12
(4) Factorize (64p 2 - 25).
(5) Factorize (5a + 6)2 - 120a.
(6) Find factors of following polynomial
A) y2 - 6xy - 2y + 12x
B) 3q 2 + 5pq + 18q + 30p
(7) Write the following polynomials in factored form:
A) 30a3b + 90a2b B) 108p2q3 + 72pq
C) 28x 3 + 35x 2y2 D) 15p + 27p2q2
(8) Factorize (49b 2 - 126b + 81).
(9) Find factors of polynomial (p2 + 6pq + 9q2 - 9r2).
(10) Factorize (625p 4 - 200p 2 + 16).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [2]
Answers
(1) A) (x - 7)(y + 9)
Step 1
The factors of the polynomial, xy - 7y + 9x - 63 can be found as,
xy - 7y + 9x - 63 = y(x - 7) + 9(x - 7)
= (x - 7)(y + 9)
Step 2
Thus, the factors of the polynomial, xy - 7y + 9x - 63 are ( x - 7)(y + 9).
B) (x - 5)(y + 6)
Step 1
The factors of the polynomial, xy - 5y + 6x - 30 can be found as,
xy - 5y + 6x - 30 = y(x - 5) + 6(x - 5)
= (x - 5)(y + 6)
Step 2
Thus, the factors of the polynomial, xy - 5y + 6x - 30 are ( x - 5)(y + 6).
(2) A) 18p3q3r(5r + 1)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that 18p 3q3r is common to
both the terms.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 18p3q3r from the polynomial 90p3q3r2 + 18p3q3r, we
get:
18p3q3r(5r + 1)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 90p3q3r2 + 18p3q3r can be written in the factored form as
18p3q3r(5r + 1).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [3]
B) 48qr(p + 2r2)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that 48qr is common to both
the terms.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 48qr from the polynomial 48pqr + 96qr3, we get:
48qr(p + 2r2)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 48pqr + 96qr3 can be written in the factored form as 48qr(p +
2r2).
C) 3z(7x2z + 10y 3)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that 3z is common to both the
terms.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 3z from the polynomial 21x2z2 + 30y 3z, we get:
3z(7x2z + 10y 3)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 21x 2z2 + 30y 3z can be written in the factored form as 3z(7x 2z +
10y 3).
D) 36x 2y3z2(1 + 2z)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that 36x 2y3z2 is common to
both the terms.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 36x2y3z2 from the polynomial 36x 2y3z2 + 72x 2y3z3,
we get:
36x 2y3z2(1 + 2z)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 36x 2y3z2 + 72x 2y3z3 can be written in the factored form as
36x 2y3z2(1 + 2z).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [4]
(3) A) (y - 6)(y + 4)
Step 1
In order to find factors of polynomial y2 - 2y - 24, we need to find two numbers whose
sum is -2 and product is (-24 × 1 = -24)
Step 2
We notice that -6 and 4 are such numbers, since (-6) × (4) = -24, and (-6) + (4) = -2
Step 3
Now we can re-write polynomial as following,
y2 - 2y - 24
= y2 - 6y + 4y - 24
= y(y - 6) + 4(y - 6)
= (y - 6)(y + 4)
Step 4
Thus, the factors of the polynomial y2 - 2y - 24 are (y - 6) and (y + 4).
B) (y + 3)(y - 4)
Step 1
In order to find factors of polynomial y2 - y - 12, we need to find two numbers whose
sum is -1 and product is (-12 × 1 = -12)
Step 2
We notice that 3 and -4 are such numbers, since (3) × (-4) = -12, and (3) + (-4) = -1
Step 3
Now we can re-write polynomial as following,
y2 - y - 12
= y2 + 3y - 4y - 12
= y(y + 3) -4(y + 3)
= (y + 3)(y - 4)
Step 4
Thus, the factors of the polynomial y2 - y - 12 are (y + 3) and (y - 4).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [5]
(4) (8p + 5) (8p - 5)
Step 1
We know that, a 2 - b 2 = (a + b)(a - b).
Step 2
Let's write (64p 2 - 25) as:
(8p)2 - (5) 2
= (8p + 5)(8p - 5)
(5) (5a - 6) (5a - 6)
Step 1
Using algebraic identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(5a + 6) 2 - 120a = (5a) 2 + 60a + (6)2 - 120a
⇒ (5a + 6)2 - 120a = (5a) 2 - 60a + (6)2
⇒ (5a + 6)2 - 120a = (5a) 2 - 2(6)(5a) + (6) 2
Step 2
Now using algebraic identity (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b 2
⇒ (5a + 6)2 - 120a = (5a - 6) 2
⇒ (5a + 6)2 - 120a = (5a - 6) (5a - 6)
(6) A) (y - 2)(y - 6x)
Step 1
Re-order some of the terms as following,
y2 - 6xy - 2y + 12x = y 2 - 2y - 6xy + 12x
Step 2
Now we can see that y is common in first two terms, and -6x is common in last two
terms. Lets rewrite the expression as following,
⇒ = y(y - 2) -6x(y - 2)
⇒ = (y - 2)(y - 6x)
Step 3
Thus, the factors of the polynomial, y 2 - 6xy - 2y + 12x are (y - 6x)( y - 2).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [6]
B) (q + 6)(3q + 5p)
Step 1
Re-order some of the terms as following,
3q 2 + 5pq + 18q + 30p = 3q2 + 18q + 5pq + 30p
Step 2
Now we can see that 3q is common in first two terms, and 5p is common in last two
terms. Lets rewrite the expression as following,
⇒ = 3q(q + 6) + 5p(q + 6)
⇒ = (q + 6)(3q + 5p)
Step 3
Thus, the factors of the polynomial, 3q 2 + 5pq + 18q + 30p are (3q + 5p)(q + 6).
(7) A) 30a2b(a + 3)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that the factor 30a 2b is
common to both terms of the polynomial 30a3b + 90a2b.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 30a2b from the polynomial 30a3b + 90a2b, we get the
following factorization:
30a3b + 90a2b = 30a2b(a + 3)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 30a3b + 90a2b can be written in factored form as 30a 2b(a + 3).
B) 36pq(3pq2 + 2)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that the factor 36pq is common
to both terms of the polynomial 108p2q3 + 72pq.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 36pq from the polynomial 108p2q3 + 72pq, we get the
following factorization:
108p2q3 + 72pq = 36pq(3pq2 + 2)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 108p2q3 + 72pq can be written in factored form as 36pq(3pq 2 +
2).
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [7]
C) 7x2(4x + 5y2)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that the factor 7x 2 is common
to both terms of the polynomial 28x3 + 35x 2y2.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 7x2 from the polynomial 28x 3 + 35x 2y2, we get the
following factorization:
28x 3 + 35x 2y2 = 7x2(4x + 5y2)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 28x 3 + 35x 2y2 can be written in factored form as 7x 2(4x + 5y2).
D) 3p(5 + 9pq2)
Step 1
If we look at the given polynomial carefully, we observe that the factor 3p is common to
both terms of the polynomial 15p + 27p2q2.
Step 2
By taking out the common factor 3p from the polynomial 15p + 27p2q2, we get the
following factorization:
15p + 27p2q2 = 3p(5 + 9pq2)
Step 3
Thus, the polynomial 15p + 27p2q2 can be written in factored form as 3p(5 + 9pq 2).
(8) (7b - 9)2
Step 1
We know that, (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b 2.
Step 2
(49b2 - 126b + 81) can be factorized as,
49b2 - 126b + 81 = (7b) 2 - 2(9)(7b) + (9) 2
= (7b - 9)2
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ID : in-8-Factorisation [8]
(9) (p + 3q + 3r) (p + 3q - 3r)
Step 1
We know that,
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2,
a2 - b 2 = (a + b)(a - b)
Step 2
The factors of the polynomial (p2 + 6pq + 9q2 - 9r2) can be found using above identities as
following,
p2 + 6pq + 9q2 - 9r2 = {(p)2 + 6pq + (3q)2} - (3r) 2
= (p + 3q)2 - (3r) 2
= (p + 3q + 3r) (p + 3q - 3r)
(10) (5p + 2) (5p + 2) (5p - 2) (5p - 2)
Step 1
Let's factorize 625p4 - 200p 2 + 16
= 625p4 - 200p 2 + 16
= (25p2)2 - (2 × 4 × 25) + 4 2
Step 2
Since we know that (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b 2]
= (25p2 - 4)2
= {(5p) 2 - 2 2}2
= {(5p + 2)(5p - 2)}2 ...[Since we know that a 2 - b 2 = (a + b)(a - b)]
= (5p + 2)(5p + 2)(5p - 2)(5p - 2)
Step 3
Thus, the factors of (625p 4 - 200p 2 + 16) are (5p + 2), (5p + 2), (5p - 2) and (5p - 2).
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