WISMA GLOBAL GLOBE

NO. 341 B&C, LORONG SARAWAK

TAMAN MELAWATI URBAN 1
53100 KUALA LUMPUR

DESIGN OF PRECAST COLUMN

 Skeletal Structures

Rigid Construction Simple Construction

 Columns in
Rigid Construction
The frame has the following connection characteristics
Type of beam -to-column connections : Rigid
Type of base connection : Rigid

Rigid beam-to-column
connection

Rigid base
 Analysis of Unbraced Frames Unde r Lateral and Vertical Loads

1. Moment due to ultimate lateral and vertical loads

• Where the rigid frame provides lateral stability

to the structure as a whole, it must be
analysed for lateral and vertical loads.
• Unbraced frame can be analysed as a
complete structure using a first order elastic
analysis computer program.
• Lateral stability depends upon the bending
stiffness of rigidly connected beams and
columns.
The analysis needs to consider the
following load cases:

Ø Load case 1: 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

Ø Load case 2: 1.2Gk + 1.2Qk + 1.2Wk
Ø Load case 3: 1.0Gk + 1.4Wk

· The above analyses will give results of

the axial loads and maximum end
moments in the columns.

· No eccentric moments as a results of

rigid beam-to-column connections.
2. Moment due to second order deflection
• Use Clause 3.8.3 BS 8110.

• In this clause, the addi tional

moment due to the axi al load and
additional deflection (i.e. second
order P-D effect) is calculated.

• All vertical loads from the beams

are transferred to the col umns in
terms of axi al loads. The total
axial load in the column is
denoted as N.

• Additional column moment due to

additional deflection is,
M = N.au
 Design of Columns in Sway Frames

• The overturni ng moment due to l ateral and verti cal

loads, and addi tional moment due to second order
effect are combi ned to obtain the total design moment,
M.

• The column section is then desi gned to withstand the

design ultimate axial load, plus the total desi gn
moment.

• Design of unbraced columns is specified in section

3.8.3.7 BS 8110.

• Effective length of unbraced column is in accordance

with section 3.8.1.6 BS 8110.
Column Design Example
Loadings
Dead load , Gk
Floor slab = 3.8 kN/m2
Imposed load, Qk Wind load, Wk
Roof = 1.5 k N/m2 Roof level = 13.13 kN
Second floor = 3.0 k N/m2 2nd floor = 12.15 kN
1st and ground fl oor = 5.0 kN/m2 3rd floor = 10.9 k
Floor floor

Rigid connection

7 8
[9]

3500
3500
[5] [6]
2nd floor

5 6
[8]
3500

3500
[3] [4]
1st floor

3 4
[7]
4000
Ground floor

4000
[1] [2]

2D – plane frame model

1250

1250
1 2
All dimensions are

9000
9000

in mm
 Load Cases

LC2:1.2Gk+1.2Qk+1.2Wk
LC1:1.4Gk+1.6Qk

LC3:1.0Gk+1.4Wk
Analysis Results
Clause 3.8.1.3 BS 8110
For unbraced column:

If both lex < 10 and ley < 10 , short column.

h b

b = 400mm, h = 400mm,
Clear height between endandrestraints,
lo = 5250mm – 600mm = 4650mm
About x-x axis:
Table 32: Condition of end restraint:
End condition at top:
Condition l - hbeam=600m > hcolumn=400mm }
End condition at bottom:
Condition 1-Connected to foundation) } b = 1.2
Therefore lex = b lo = 1.2(4650) = 5580mm.

About y-y axis:

Table 32: Condition of end restraint:
End condition at top:
Condition 1-edge beam connected to main beam }
End condition at bottom:
Condition 1-connected to foundation) } b = 1.2

Therefore ley = b lo = 1.2(4650) = 5580mm.

lex 5580
= = 13.95 > 10 , and
h 400
ley 5580
= = 13.95 > 10 } Slender column.
b 400

Design column 2
as slender and unbraced.
 Load case 1

Clause 3.8.3
Additional moment due to second order effect
Madd = N. au

au = b a Kh
2
1 æ le ö 1
ba = ç ÷ = (13.95 )2
= 0.097
2000 è b' ø 2000

au = 0.097 ´1´ 400 = 38.8mm

P=805.5 kN
Madd = 805.5kN x 38.8mm x 10-3 = 31.3 kNm
M = 114 + 31.3 = 145.3 kNm
Load case 2

Clause 3.8.3
Additional moment due to second order effect
Madd = N. au

au = b a Kh
2
1 æ le ö 1
ba = ç ÷ = (13.95)2 = 0.097
2000 è b' ø 2000

au = 0.097 ´1´ 400 = 38.8mm

P = 644.1 kN

Madd = 644.1kN x 38.8mm x 10 -3 = 25 kNm

M = 127.76 + 25 = 152.8 kNm
Design for load case 1
M 145.3 ´ 106 Nmm
= = 2 . 27 N / mm 2
bh 2 400mm ´ (400 )2 mm 2
N 805.5 ´ 103 N
= = 5.03 N / mm 2
bh 400mm ´ 400mm
d = h – cover – fbar/2 = 400 – 30 – 20/2 = 360mm,

d 360
= = 0.9 , fcu = 40 N/mm 2, fy=460N/mm 2 } Chart No. 39
h 400
100 Asc
= 0 .4
bh
0.4bh 0.4 ´ 400 mm ´ 400mm
Asc = = = 640 mm 2
100 100

Require 4 No. T 16 (Asc provided) = 805 mm 2

Design for load case 2
M 152.76 ´ 10 6 Nmm
= = 2 . 39 N / mm 2
bh 2 400mm ´ (400 )2 mm 2
N 644.1´ 103 N
= = 4.03 N / mm 2
bh 400mm ´ 400mm
d = h – cover – fbar/2 = 400 – 30 – 20/2 = 360mm,
d 360
= = 0.9 , fcu = 40 N/mm 2, fy= 460 N/mm 2 } Chart No. 39
h 400

100 Asc
= 0.55
bh
0.55bh 0.55 ´ 400mm ´ 400mm
Asc = = = 880mm 2
100 100
Require 4 No. T 20 (Asc provided) = 1257 mm 2
Therefore to satisf y load cases 1 and 2, provide 4T20.
Axial loads from upper
storeys, N 1

R
e

Mi=Rxe

Forces due to vertical loads

N = R + N1
COLUMN MOMENTS
Design Example
The four storey column shown below supports beams
on two opposite sides.

The first 2-storey of the frame during construction

 E
400mm

2900mm 3350mm
D
500mm

3000mm 3500mm
C
500mm

3000mm 3500mm
B
500mm

4000mm 4000mm
A
The characteristic beam end eractions in (kN) are:
Roof beams: Dead load=96kN, Live load= 36kN
Floor beams: Dead load=144kN, Live load=120kN
Gk=96kN Gk=96kN
Qk=36kN Qk=36kN

Gk=144kN,
Gk=144kN, Qk=120kN

Qk=120kN
Gk=144kN,
Gk=144kN, Qk=120kN

Qk=120kN
Gk=144kN,
Gk=144kN, Qk=120kN

Qk=120kN
The distance from the face of the column to the centre
of beam bearing is 80mm.
The construction tolerance is 15mm.

Construction tolerance=15mm

80mm Centre of
bearing

Corbel
Determine suitable sizes for the column and main
reinforcement.
The column cross-section should be square.
Assume that the nodal point is at mid-height of the
beams.
Use fcu=50N/mm2 and fy=460N/mm2.
Cover to centre of bars=50mm.
Select an initial column size.
Try b = 250 mm, h = 250 mm (self weight = 1.5 kN/m height).
d/h = 200/250 = 0.8.
250mm

Construction tolerance=15mm

80mm
Load Case 1. Pat ch loading on adjacent spans

Loads and mo ments

emax = 125 + 80 + 15 = 220 mm
emin =125 + 80 - 15 = 190 mm,

Vmax at roof = (1.4 x 96) + (1.6 x 36) = 192 kN;

Vmin at roof = 1.0 x 96 = 96 kN

Vmax at floors = (1.4 x 144) + (1.6 x 120) = 394 kN;

Vmin at floors = 1.0 x 144 = 144kN

Mnet at roof = (192 x 0.22) - (96 x 0.19) = 24.0 kNm;

Mnet at floors = 394 x 0.22 - 144 x 0.19 = 59.3 kNm
Axial loads
At roof N = 192 + 96 = 288 kN
At 3rd floor N = 538 + 288 + (1.4 x 1.5 x 3.3) = 833 kN
At 2nd floor N = 833 + 538 + 7 = 1378 kN
At 1st floor n = 1378 + 538 + 7 = 1923 kN
At foundation N = 1923 + 9 = 1932 kN
192kN 96kN

394kN 144kN

394kN 144kN

394kN 144kN
 Moment distribution f actors
At 3rd floor
4
kDE = 3.350 = 0.44 and k 1 - 0.44 = 0.56
3 4 DC
+
3.350 3.500

kDC = 1 - 0.44 = 0.56

At 2nd floor, kCD = kCB 0.5 by inspection

 At 1st floor
4
kBC = 3.350 = 0.55
3 4
+
3.350 3.500
kBA = 0.45

At foundation
kAB = 0.5 kBA=0.225 (=50% carry over).
Slenderness
Foundation to 1st floor,
le = 0.9 lo = 0.9 x 4000 = 3600 mm
le /h = 3600/250 = 14.4 < 15, therefore short column

1st to 2nd floor and 2nd to 3rd floor,

le = 1.0 lo = 1.0 x 3000 = 3000 mm < above,
therefore, short column

by inspection, 3rd floor to roof is not critical.

Column design moment

Mt=26.68kNm and N = 1923kN
N/bh = 30.7 and M/bh2 = 1.7
Use BS8110, Part 3, Table 47 because d/h = 200/250 = 0.8
Then 100Asc/bh = 3.3
Load Case 2. Maximu m loading on all spans

Loads and mo ments

Mnet at roof = (192 x 0.22) - (192 x 0.19) = 5.8 kNm
Mnet at floors = 394 x 0.03 11.8 kNm

Axial loads
At foundation N = 384 + (3 x 788) + 30 = 2778 kN
M = 0.05 Nh = 34.7 kNm and
N = 2778 kN
N/bh = 44.45 and M/bh = 2.22

Then 100Asc/bh = 7.1

Maximum value Asc = 7.1 bh / 100 = 4438 mm2
Use 250 x 250 mm column with 4 no. T32 plus

4 no. T 20 bars (4472mm2).

400mm 24kNm

2900mm 3350mm

500mm 26.09 33.21

3000mm 3500mm

500mm 29.65 29.65

3000mm 3500mm
500mm 32.62 26.68

4000mm 4000mm

13.3

Bending moment
 Calc.
example

Analysis
& Design
Column Marking
2D COLUMN ANALYSIS
2D COLUMN ANALYSIS
LOADING CONSIDERATION
1.4gk + 1.6qk LOADING
1.2gk + 1.2qk + 1.2wk
 RESULT
Beam L/C Node Axial Force kN Shear-Y kN Moment-Z kNm
63 15 9 8343.426 31.371 83.856
91 15 13 8270.33 -20.753 -42.773
84 15 12 7950.987 -7.066 -23.599
70 15 10 7920.535 -1.141 -3.095
77 15 11 7294.335 -1.727 -4.02
64 15 16 7059.852 31.467 68.79
92 15 20 6986.775 -33.289 -74.714
91 16 13 6953.146 24.999 85.436
63 16 9 6851.824 69.189 192.69
85 15 19 6757.178 -0.191 2.299
71 15 17 6724.906 1.67 2.822
70 16 10 6597.807 47.579 131.56
84 16 12 6587.895 42.548 114.617
77 16 11 6085.906 46.614 129.776
78 15 18 6084.618 -0.439 -0.759
92 16 20 5863.068 14.613 26.19
64 16 16 5799.923 68.332 144.904
65 15 23 5779.981 28.776 63.053
93 15 27 5705.992 -28.171 -61.496
71 16 17 5598.111 52.572 110.478
85 16 19 5592.549 51.209 110.462
86 15 26 5563.265 -4.291 -8.611
Analysis
& Design
Analysis
& Design
RESULT SUMMARY
Analysis
& Design
PC Column Shopdrawing
 Type Of Joints For Framing System

Grouting Using
Non Shrink Grout

Jointing Using Bolt & Nut

Precast Column, Beam & Sl ab
Precast Column & Beam
Elemental Shopdrawings
Many Thanks
‘Simple the best’