Exercise Stage10 PDF
Exercise Stage10 PDF
PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 1
STAGE
nn Fill in the gaps using the words:
every fell we
boring cooked amazing
although forward cheap
morning well
the greatest
We went to .Q1. ............................................................................ cinema yesterday to see the new film. It was so
Q2. ................................................................. that we Q3. ........................................................................ asleep. Afterwards we had
food at McDonald´s but it was Q4. ................................................... and I didn´t feel Q5. ...................................................
for the rest of the day.
This Q6. ................................................... we had breakfast in a small bar near the hotel. I had eggs and
toast whereas Maria had tea and bread with tomato. When Q7. ....................................................... finished
our breakfast we went to the museum of modern arts. It was Q8. ........................................................ to see
such wonderful works of art by some of the Q9. ............................................................ artists of all time.
It wasn´t very Q10. ..................................................................................... to get into the museum but it was worth
Q11. ............................................................. penny. Tomorrow is our last day here and Q12. ......................................................
I´ve had a great time I´m looking Q13. ..................................................................... to going home.
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Exercise 2
STAGE
nn Using mixed conditional structures, complete the sentences
with the verbs provided.
Q1. If George (to take) ............................................................................................... extra English classes when he was
Q2. If Katya (to be) ...................................................................... a nicer person, she (to make) .................................................
Q5. If Henry (to buy) ............................................................................................... better shoes, he (to need) ............................
Q6. If Carmen (to be) ..................................................................................... so friendly, she (to find) ............................................
Q8. If I (to eat) ............................................................................................... all those sweets, I (to feel) ................................................
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Exercise 3
STAGE Uses of the gerund
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q3. Since she came here, she hasn’t spoken to her parents.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q4. Tennis is something I’m bad at (use the verb ‘to play’).
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Q8. After she moved the sofa, Alison found lots of dirt she needed to clean up.
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Q10. It’s so difficult to buy presents for my boyfriend as he has so much stuff already.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 4
STAGE Vocabulary exercise
Q2. My friend ................................................................. me terribly sometimes - and I’m sick of it. I’m going to
say something to him.
Q3. After leaving all the packing to the last minute, Joseph threw all his clothes into the
Q4. If you don’t ............................................................ to your plans, you’re likely to make a mistake.
Q5. You should always ................................................................................ your cans when you recycle - that way
they’ll be smaller and you’ll have more space.
Q6. He doesn’t care much for Jamaican food but he eats it ........................................................................... as his
wife is from Kingston.
Q7. The apples were too ............................................................ and the crumble tasted bad.
Q8. It rained every day while we were on holiday but we tried to ........................................................................
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Q9. I don’t know what it is about him, but he just makes me feel really .......................................................
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www.callanschool.info ............................... Maybe it’s the jokes he tells.
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Q10. Joan’s parents were much too ........................................................................... and he rebelled against them
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as soon as he became a teenager.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 5
STAGE
nn Fill in the gaps in the following text.
The Union Jack
The flag of the United Kingdom Q1. ............................................................ commonly called the ‘Union Jack’
or less commonly the ‘Union Flag’. The origin of the flag dates back to the 17th century and
the current flag is actually a merging Q2. ............................................................ the flags of three nations,
hence the title ‘Union’ flag. The earliest origin of the flag goes back Q3. ............................................................
when James VI of Scotland inherited the Scottish, English and Irish thrones in 1603. James
VI of Scotland was also known Q4. ............................................................ James I in England. The three
nations remained separate states until a new flag Q5. ............................................................ ordered by royal
decree in April 1606. This flag combined the cross of St. George of England (a red horizontal
and vertical cross Q6. ............................................................ a white background) with the flag of Scotland (a
white diagonal cross on a blue background, known as the Saltire or St Andrew’s Cross).
Initially Q7. ...................................................................... flag was formed for maritime identification (shipping).
Q8. ............................................................ the union was more of a personal one between the nations King
James began to refer to his land as the ‘Kingdom of Great Britain’.
The current Union Flag dates Q9. ............................................................ 1801 when by royal proclamation
there was a union between The Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland. Since
the troubles in Ireland with the separation of Northern Ireland to British rule, all British
national passports Q10. ............................................................ been titled ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland’. The flag was then altered to include Q11. ............................................................ only
the English St. Georges’ Cross, The Scottish Saltire Cross but also the red diagonal cross of
St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland). Some countries that were former possessions or
colonies Q12. ............................................................ the United Kingdom still display the Union flag in the
top left hand corner of their flag which is noticeable during times of great sporting events
such as the Commonwealth games or the Olympics. Q13. ............................................................ is also quite
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH common to see on the masthead of boats and yachts that by law have to display their
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www.metodocallan.info you are down near Port Vell Q14. ............................................................ Barcelona look for the flags on the
yachts!). The term ‘Union Jack‘ refers specifically Q15. ............................................................ the name given
Exercise 6
STAGE “Any” And “Some” With Singular Countable Nouns
Q1. .................................... thief stole the handbag from the old lady.
Q2. You’ve been a very good boy, you can have .............................................. toy that you want from
the shop.
Q5. We have five options on our menu today. You can have ........................................ dish you like for
the same price.
Q6. I’m not working this week, so come and visit me .................................................... day you want.
Q7. I received a phone call late last night from a man asking me if I wanted to give
money to .................................................... charity.
Q8. Can I borrow a pen, please? ...................................................... colour will be fine, I just need to write
a quick shopping list.
Q9. You can buy nice fresh croissants from ........................................................................ bakery in Paris
Q10. ................................................................ tourist was playing loud music until 2 a.m. this morning. © Callan School of English S.L. - 2018
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Exercise 7
STAGE The Difference Between “At Last” And “In The End”
Q1. After spending all day looking for a hotel, ................................................ we found one just outside
the city centre.
Q2. It took her two years, but ........................................................ Beyonce finished writing her new
album.
Q3. ........................................................................ we didn’t manage to arrive in time to see the start of the film.
Q4. He had thought about it a lot, but .................................................................... he couldn’t decide whether
to accept the job or not.
Q5. After six years, ................................................................... the war ended on the 2nd of September, 1945.
Q6. ....................................................................................... I didn´t manage to find a tie that would match my suit.
Q8. I couldn’t find the corkscrew , .................................................................... I had to borrow one from my
neighbour.
Q9. I was looking forward to the match all day, but ........................................................................ I couldn’t
watch it because my parents-in-law came round.
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Exercise 8
STAGE Noun/Pronoun + Infinitive With “To”
nn Write sentences with the same meaning as the ones below, but
using the construction noun/pronoun + infinitive with “to”.
Ex. There is a lot of work that they need to finish.
There is a lot of work (for them) to finish.
Q2. The president told the crowds that they should cheer!
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q3. She had two more clients that she had to call that afternoon.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q5. The wedding will have great music that we can dance to.
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Exercise 9a
STAGE Modal Auxiliaries For Probability
Q1. Someone in knocking on the door. I’m sure it’s Sarah; she promised to come today.
Q2. They’re coming this week but I don’t know which day.
Q3. We are in Nice and our friend Giancarlo is coming to visit us from Milan, which is
about 4 and a half hours away by car.
Q4. Someone told me that Anna was in Germany but I saw her yesterday, so I’m sure she
is not abroad.
Q6. They told me to prepare the cake by tomorrow but it’s almost impossible to have it
done so fast.
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH I ............................................................ finish it by tomorrow if I stay in the kitchen all night long, but
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I’m not sure.
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Q7. Ben has been ill for a while but the doctor says he is starting to get better.
Exercise 9b
STAGE Modal Auxiliaries For Probability
Q8. We have been searching for a new actress to play the lead in a play.
Q9. We found a pair of shoes with no name on them and the only boy with such big feet
is Jake.
These ............................................................ be Jake’s shoes as he is the only one who takes such a
large size.
Q10. We find a green XS shirt. Josh takes size M shirts and hates the colour green.
This ............................................................ be Josh’s shirt as it is much too small for him and he usually
hates the colour green.
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Exercise 10
STAGE Communicating General Beliefs And Opinions
Q1. People in general know that the English drink a lot of tea.
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Q2. In the past, people generally believed that the world was flat.
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Q3. People in general think that doctors are highly paid and respected.
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Q5. It was felt by many that the imprisonment of Gandhi was unjustified.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q7. People consider the Eiffel Tower to be the most popular tourist attraction in France.
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH Q9. People think that Hitler was one of the cruellest characters in history.
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Q10. Some people think that humans will discover life on other planets in the next
hundred years.
Exercise 11
STAGE “Will” And “Would” For Habits
Q6. John loved running when he was a boy, and ran marathons every year.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q7. She loves to travel and usually saves her money for a new trip each year.
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Q8. My grandfather washed himself with a bowl of water when he was young.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q9. My daughter is determined to become a lawyer and goes to work even when she’s ill.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Q10. When my dad was working at his old job in London , he arrived home at 8pm every
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Exercise 12
STAGE Comparatives: Big And Small Differences
Q2. Now he has reached 19, David is .............................................. taller than he was when he was 17.
Q3. Now he has reached 19, David is ............................................. taller than he was when he was 12.
Q4. Anna is 12 and Daniel is 25. Daniel is .................................................. older than Anna.
Q7. Anna is 12 and Claire is 13. Claire is .......................................................................... older than Anna.
Q8. Travelling first-class is usually ........................................ more expensive than travelling economy
class.
Q10. I’m not a lot older than I was two weeks ago; I’m .............................................................................. older than
I was two weeks ago.
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Exercise 13
STAGE “By” And Its Many Uses
Q2. It was a beautiful day, so they decided to walk next to the beach.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q7. They held the race at a track that was near their town.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q9. You need to finish the project before Tuesday next week.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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www.callan.es Q10. I can recite the poem The Raven from memory.
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www.metodocallan.info .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 14
STAGE Two Different Uses Of The Word “Funny”
£ Strange £ Humorous
£ Strange £ Humorous
Q3. It’s funny how she always disappears whenever there’s work to be done.
£ Strange £ Humorous
£ Strange £ Humorous
£ Strange £ Humorous
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Exercise 15
STAGE The Expression “It’s Time”
Q6. It’s time she stopped pretending she’s invincible. £ correct time £ late
Q9. It’s time we accepted the things we cannot change. £ correct time £ late
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www.callan.es Q10. It’s time for him to choose a new career path. £ correct time £ late
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Exercise 16
STAGE Adjective + Infinitive With “To”
When an adjective is followed by an infinitive with to, it often communicates our feelings or
reactions to a particular event. For example, “I was sad to say goodbye to my mother” means
that saying goodbye to my mother made me feel sad.
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Q9. Guessing what will happen is difficult.
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Exercise 17
STAGE ‘Anyway’
Q3. It might not be on the exam, but you should study it anyway.
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
Q4. It’s past nine o’clock, the shop’s closed. And it’s Sunday anyway! It’s never open on
Sundays.
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
Q5. We can’t get across by boat, the river is frozen. And anyway, it’d be a very bad idea!
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
Q8. She’s too short for basketball, and she prefers other sports anyway.
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
Q9. I know we might make a loss, but let’s open a restaurant anyway!
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
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that” for something of conversation
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Q10. Anyway, as I was saying before he interrupted me, I think the company is ready for
expansion.
u “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
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that” for something of conversation
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 18
STAGE Adjective/Noun/Pronoun + Infinitive With “To”
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www.metodocallan.info Q10. It was a pleasure meeting you.
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Exercise 19
STAGE It’s time (1)
Q1. You are late for the bus. You should leave now.
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Q4. You are in a hurry because you woke up late. You must leave for work now!
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Q8. This is the time that everyone goes home from work.
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Q9. You stayed in work longer than usual. You should go home.
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www.callan.es Q10. The bell has rung to signal the beginning of class.
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Exercise 20
STAGE It’s time (2)
Q1. It’s time ........................................... (we/finish) the meeting because we need to get back to work.
Q2. It’s time for the movie ............................................. (start) as it is now 9pm.
Q3. Don’t you think it’s time that .......................................... (he/stop) playing the drums because it is
getting very late?
Q4. Harry thinks it’s time ............................................... (study) as he has been wasting a lot of time.
Q5. It’s time for the plane ............................................... (depart) as indicated on the departure board.
Q6. Susan says it’s time ............................................ (we/eat) if we don’t want to be late for the movie.
Q9. Howard tells me that it’s time ......................................... (I/ return) his money to him, as he has
been very patient for a long time.
Q10. Yanni thinks it’s time ............................................ (her/experience) some new music.
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Exercise 21
STAGE In time/On time
Q1. I like to enter the cinema ................................................ to see the coming attractions.
Q3. In Japan, they have a reputation for having a train system that is ............................................. 99%
of the time.
Q4. Indiana Jones is very often in life-threatening situations, but he always manages to
escape just .............................................
Q5. Governments have a lot of problems completing projects ......................................... and under
budget.
Q7. I arrived at the party .................................................. to see the birthday girl blow out the candles.
Q9. At school, the teacher is always happy if you hand in your work ......................................................
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Exercise 22
STAGE Will/Would/Used To For Habits Or States
Q1. They went to the gym every day when they were younger.
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Exercise 23
STAGE Propose + Gerund/ Infinitive
Q1. I propose going out to lunch and celebrating this good news.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q2. Sandra proposed to go to bed early because she had been working so hard.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q3. Charles proposed sending all the emails out at once, but the others thought that
was too much work.
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......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q4. Frank had proposed to go to Tahiti for his honeymoon before his wife-to-be ran off
with another man.
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Q6. The former president had proposed to introduce several reforms before he was
defeated in the last elections.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q8. Victor proposed to change his musical style to something more modern.
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH Q9. Steve had proposed meeting at the beach but it is raining now.
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Q10. George had never proposed to make economics his major, but he was drawn to the
subject.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 24
STAGE Common uses of the Gerund
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Q4. Debbie always washes her hands before her dinner (eat).
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Q7. David never thought that salad was good for his health (eat).
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Q9. She was always seen stretching after her exercise class (finish).
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Q10. We had to realise to foreign people is sometimes difficult (speak).
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Exercise 25
STAGE By And Its Many Uses
nn Rewrite the sentences to use the word by with the same meaning.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Q3. I will have gone to sleep some time before midnight tonight.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q4. When you hire a plumber, you usually have to pay for every hour that they are there.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Q5. The dimensions of a football pitch are usually 105 metres long and 68 metres wide.
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Q7. Many people know how to sing Hotel California from memory.
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Q10. This project needs to be finished before Friday.
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CIF (B 63257935)
10
PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 26
STAGE Comparatives - Big And Small Differences
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hotter more hot
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Q10. Somalia is ........................................................................... than Sweden.
a) A bit more b) A lot poor c) A lot poorer d) A lot more
poor poorer
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CIF (B 63257935)
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 27
STAGE Encourage and Discourage
Q3. The police try to ............................................................. people from driving while drunk by handing
out large fines.
Q4. Harry felt really ............................................................. when he failed his exam badly.
Q5. Losing 10kgs ............................................................. Sally to continue with her weight loss program.
Q6. He was ............................................................. to try some different kinds of food by his mother.
Q7. Tracey was ............................................................. from entering the competition because she wasn’t
good enough.
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Exercise 28
STAGE Make The Best Of/Most Of
Q1. It was raining on the day we intended to go to the Eiffel Tower so we decided to ..........
................................................. the situation and visited the Louvre instead.
Q3. Fred decided to ......................................................................... his time in Barcelona and visited as many
sites as he could.
Q4. Wilma had broken her foot and was confined to her bed for two weeks so she
decided to ................................................................ the situation and read as many books as she could.
Q5. The Def Leppard drummer lost one of his arms in a car accident but he .......................................
.................................................................... what he still had and learnt how to drum using only one arm.
Q6. When you only have limited time in a certain place when on holiday, it is important
to ................................................................................................................ your time and see as much as possible.
Q7. Daphne had to .......................................................................................... what she had, despite being very poor.
Q8. He was happy to be able to see her, even if it was only for one day and he had to
................................................................................ their time together.
Q9. Tony had never seen a kangaroo before, so had to .................................................................. it and take
as many photos as possible.
Q10. Henrietta was very sick but she ....................................................................................... her time and got some
extra work done.
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Exercise 29
STAGE Mixed Conditionals
nn Fill in the blank by using the correct tense of the verb given
in brackets.
NB: Some verbs may need to be in the negative form.
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Exercise 30
STAGE Modal Auxiliaries for Probability
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Q3. It is not possible for this to be his jacket; it’s too small.
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Q5. I am sure that she has gone home because her car is not here anymore.
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Q6. They left here about two hours ago so they have probably arrived home by now.
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Q7. I think perhaps I forgot to pay the electricity bill last week.
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH Q9. If you leave now, perhaps you will be able to catch the last train home.
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Q10. I’m sure he trained hard for the event because he finished in the top five.
Answers
STAGE
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
Mixed Conditionals
nn Fill in the gaps using the words:
nn Using mixed conditional structures,
every forward
complete the sentences with the
boring well verbs provided.
although greatest
A1. If George had taken extra English
morning we
classes when he was at university,
the amazing he wouldn’t have to study so
fell cheap much now.
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I wouldn’t feel so sick now.
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STAGE
Exercise 3
Uses of the gerund
A3. Since she came here, she hasn’t spoken to her parents.
Since coming here, she hasn’t spoken to her parents.
A4. Tennis is something I’m bad at (use the verb ‘to play’).
I’m bad at playing tennis.
A8. After she moved the sofa, Alison found lots of dirt she needed to clean up.
After moving the sofa, Alison found lots of dirt she needed to clean up.
A10. It’s so difficult to buy presents for my boyfriend as he has so much stuff already.
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SCHOOL OF ENGLISH Buying presents for my boyfriend is difficult as he has so much stuff already.
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STAGE
Exercise 4
Vocabulary exercise
A1. I knew that my sister’s boss was just trying to take advantage of her good nature.
She never says anything to anybody.
A2. My friend treats me terribly sometimes - and I’m sick of it. I’m going to say something
to him.
A3. After leaving all the packing to the last minute, Joseph threw all his clothes into the
suitcase just anyhow.
A4. If you don’t stick to your plans, you’re likely to make a mistake.
A5. You should always crush your cans when you recycle - that way they’ll be smaller and
you’ll have more space.
A6. He doesn’t care much for Jamaican food but he eats it anyway as his wife is from
Kingston.
A7. The apples were too sour and the crumble tasted bad.
A8. It rained every day while we were on holiday but we tried to make the best of it.
After all, we’d spent so much money on it.
A9. I don’t know what it is about him, but he just makes me feel really awkward. Maybe
it’s the jokes he tells.
A10. Joan’s parents were much too strict and he rebelled against them as soon as he
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STAGE
Exercise 5
The flag of the United Kingdom A1. is commonly called the ‘Union Jack’ or less commonly
the ‘Union Flag’. The origin of the flag dates back to the 17th century and the current flag is
actually a merging A2. of the flags of three nations, hence the title ‘Union’ flag. The earliest
origin of the flag goes back A3. to when James VI of Scotland inherited the Scottish, English
and Irish thrones in 1603. James VI of Scotland was also known A4. as James I in England.
The three nations remained separate states until a new flag A5. was ordered by royal
decree in April 1606. This flag combined the cross of St. George of England (a red horizontal
and vertical cross A6. on a white background) with the flag of Scotland (a white diagonal
cross on a blue background, known as the Saltire or St Andrew’s Cross). Initially A7. this flag
was formed for maritime identification (shipping). A8. Although the union was more of a
personal one between the nations King James began to refer to his land as the ‘Kingdom of
Great Britain’.
The current Union Flag dates A9. from 1801 when by royal proclamation there was a
union between The Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland. Since the troubles in
Ireland with the separation of Northern Ireland to British rule, all British national passports
A10. have been titled ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’. The flag was
then altered to include A11. not only the English St. Georges’ Cross, The Scottish Saltire
Cross but also the red diagonal cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland). Some
countries that were former possessions or colonies A12. of the United Kingdom still display
the Union flag in the top left hand corner of their flag which is noticeable during times of
great sporting events such as the Commonwealth games or the Olympics. A13. It is also
quite common to see on the masthead of boats and yachts that by law have to display their
country of origin and the national flag of the country they are visiting. (So the next time you
are down near Port Vell A14. in Barcelona look for the flags on the yachts!). The term ‘Union
Jack‘ refers specifically A15. to the name given to the flag flown at the head of a ship
or warship.
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Answers
STAGE
Exercise 6 Exercise 7
“Any” And “Some” With Singular The Difference Between
Countable Nouns “At Last” And “In The End”
nn Fill in the blanks in the following nn Fill in the blanks using in the end
sentences with any or some. or at last. For some sentences,
either can be used.
A1. Some thief stole the handbag from
the old lady. A1. After spending all day looking for a
hotel, in the end/ at last we found
A2. You’ve been a very good boy, you one just outside the city centre.
can have any toy that you want
A2. It took her two years, but in the
from the shop.
end/ at last Beyonce finished wri
ting her new album.
A3. The coffee machine has been
broken by some idiot. A3. In the end we didn’t manage to
arrive in time to see the start of the
A4. Some man stole my mobile last film.
week.
A4. He had thought about it a lot, but
in the end he couldn’t decide
A5. We have five options on our menu
whether to accept the job or not.
today. You can have any dish you
like for the same price. A5. After six years, in the end/ at last
the war ended on the 2nd of Sep
A6. I’m not working this week, so come tember, 1945.
and visit me any day you want.
A6. In the end I didn´t manage to find
A7. I received a phone call late last a tie that would match my suit.
night from a man asking me if I wan A7. After many nominations, in the end
ted to give money to some charity. / at last Leonardo Dicaprio won the
Academy Award for The Revenant.
A8. Can I borrow a pen, please? any
colour will be fine, I just need to A8. I couldn’t find the corkscrew , in the
write a quick shopping list. end/at last I had to borrow one
from my neighbour.
A9. You can buy nice fresh croissants
A9. I was looking forward to the match
from any bakery in Paris
all day, but in the end I couldn’t
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STAGE
Exercise 8
Noun/Pronoun + Infinitive With “To”
nn Write sentences with the same meaning as the ones below, but using
the construction noun/pronoun + infinitive with “to”.
E.g. There is a lot of work that they need to finish.
There is a lot of work (for them) to finish.
A2. The president told the crowds that they should cheer!
The president told the crowds to cheer!
A3. She had two more clients that she had to call that afternoon.
She had two more clients to call that afternoon.
A5. The wedding will have great music that we can dance to.
The wedding will have great music for us to listen to.
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STAGE
Exercise 9
Modal Auxiliaries For Probability
nn Fill in each gap in sentences Q1-Q10 using one of the words below:
A1. Someone in knocking on the door. I’m sure it’s Sarah; she promised to come today.
Someone is knocking on the door. It must be Sarah; she promised to come today.
A2. They’re coming this week but I don’t know which day.
They may/might be coming tomorrow.
A3. We are in Nice and our friend Giancarlo is coming to visit us from Milan, which is
about 4 and a half hours away by car.
Giancarlo left Milan six hours ago, so he ought to be here by now.
A4. Someone told me that Anna was in Germany but I saw her yesterday, so I’m sure she
is not abroad.
Anna can’t be abroad.
A6. They told me to prepare the cake by tomorrow but it’s almost impossible to have it
done so fast.
I might finish it by tomorrow if I stay in the kitchen all night long, but I’m not sure.
A7. Ben has been ill for a while but the doctor says he is starting to get better.
Ben ought to have recovered from his illness by the end of next week.
A8. We have been searching for a new actress to play the lead in a play.
Maria could/might be the person we have been looking for.
A9. We found a pair of shoes with no name on them and the only boy with such big feet
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STAGE
Exercise 10. Communicating General Beliefs And Opinions
A2. In the past, people generally believed that the world was flat.
In the past, it was believed that the world was flat.
The world was believed to be flat in the past..
A3. People in general think that doctors are highly paid and respected.
It is thought that doctors are highly paid and respected.
Doctors are thought to be highly paid and respected.
A5. It was felt by many that the imprisonment of Gandhi was unjustified.
The imprisonment of Gandhi was felt to be unjustified by many.
Many felt that the imprisonment of Gandhi was unjustified.
A7. People consider the Eiffel Tower to be the most popular tourist attraction in France.
It is considered that the Eiffel Tower is the most popular tourist attraction in
France.
The Eiffel Tower is considered to be the most popular tourist attraction in France.
A9. People think that Hitler was one of the cruellest characters in history.
It is thought that Hitler was one of the cruellest characters in history.
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Answers
STAGE
Exercise 11
“Will” And “Would” For Habits
A6. John loved running when he was a boy, and ran marathons every year.
John loved running when he was a boy, and would run marathons every year.
A7. She loves to travel and usually saves her money for a new trip each year.
She loves to travel and will (usually) save her money for a new trip each year.
A8. My grandfather washed himself with a bowl of water when he was young.
My grandfather would wash himself with a bowl of water when he was young.
A9. My daughter is determined to become a lawyer and goes to work even when she’s ill.
My daughter is determined to become a lawyer and will go to work even when
she’s ill.
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A10. When my dad was working at his old job in London , he arrived home at 8pm every
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When my dad was working at his old job in London , he would arrive home at
8pm every night.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
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STAGE
Exercise 12
Comparatives: Big And Small Differences
nn Fill in the gaps in the following sentences Q1-Q10 using one of the words below:
slightly a bit
a lot a little
much
E.g. Spain is ............................................................................ smaller than France.
Spain is slightly/a little/a bit smaller than France.
A2. Now he has reached 19, David is slightly/a little/a bit taller than he was when he
was 17.
A3. Now he has reached 19, David is a lot/much taller than he was when he was 12.
A4. Anna is 12 and Daniel is 25. Daniel is a lot/much older than Anna.
A7. Anna is 12 and Claire is 13. Claire is slightly/a little/a bit older than Anna.
A8. Travelling first-class is usually a lot/much more expensive than travelling economy
class.
A10. I’m not a lot older than I was two weeks ago; I’m slightly/a little/a bit older than I
was two weeks ago.
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STAGE
Exercise 13
“By” And Its Many Uses
A2. It was a beautiful day, so they decided to walk next to the beach.
It was a beautiful day, so they decided to walk by the beach.
A7. They held the race at a track that was near their town.
They held the race at a track that was nearby.
A9. You need to finish the project before Tuesday next week.
You need to finish the project by Tuesday next week.
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STAGE
Exercise 14
Two Different Uses Of The Word “Funny”
A3. It’s funny how she always disappears whenever there’s work to be done.
Strange
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STAGE
Exercise 15
The Expression “It’s Time”
nn Make sentences using the expression it’s time and the information given.
E.g. The children / to go to bed (correct time)
It’s time for the children to go to bed.
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A9. It’s time we accepted the things we cannot change.
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STAGE
Exercise 16
Adjective + Infinitive With “To”
When an adjective is followed by an infinitive with to, it often communicates our feelings or
reactions to a particular event. For example, “I was sad to say goodbye to my mother” means
that saying goodbye to my mother made me feel sad.
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A9. Guessing what will happen is difficult.
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It is difficult to guess what will happen.
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STAGE
Exercise 17
‘Anyway’
A3. It might not be on the exam, but you should study it anyway.
u
✘ “despite u to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
A4. It’s past nine o’clock, the shop’s closed. And it’s Sunday anyway! It’s never open on
Sundays.
u “despite u
✘ to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
A5. We can’t get across by boat, the river is frozen. And anyway, it’d be a very bad idea!
u “despite u
✘ to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
A8. She’s too short for basketball, and she prefers other sports anyway.
u “despite u
✘ to give another reason u to change the subject
that” for something of conversation
A9. I know we might make a loss, but let’s open a restaurant anyway!
u u to give another reason u to change the subject
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✘ “despite
that” for something of conversation
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A10. Anyway, as I was saying before he interrupted me, I think the company is ready for
expansion.
u “despite u to give another reason u
✘ to change the subject
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that” for something of conversation
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
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STAGE
Exercise 18
Adjective/Noun/Pronoun + Infinitive With “To”
nn Re-write each sentence using the one of the structures: adjective + infinitive
with “to”; noun + infinitive with “to”
or pronoun + infinitive with “to”.
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A10. It was a pleasure meeting you.
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STAGE
Exercise 19
It’s time (1)
nn Use the information to write sentences with it’s time followed by either the past
tense or an infinitive.
A1. You are late for the bus. You should leave now.
It’s time I/we left for the bus.
A4. You are in a hurry because you woke up late. You must leave for work now!
It’s time I left for work.
A8. This is the time that everyone goes home from work.
It’s time to go home.
A9. You stayed in work longer than usual. You should go home.
It’s time I went home.
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STAGE
Exercise 20
It’s time (2)
nn Decide whether it’s time in the following sentences provided should be followed
by an infinitive or a past tense.
E.g. I think it’s time .................................... (leave) because it’s getting late and I have to work tomorrow.
I think it’s time I left because it’s getting late and I have to work tomorrow.
A1. It’s time we finished the meeting because we need to get back to work.
A3. Don’t you think it’s time that he stopped playing the drums because it is getting very
late?
A4. Harry thinks it’s time he studied as he has been wasting a lot of time.
A5. It’s time for the plane to depart as indicated on the departure board.
A6. Susan says it’s time we ate if we don’t want to be late for the movie.
A9. Howard tells me that it’s time I returned his money to him, as he has been very
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STAGE
Exercise 21
In time/On time
A1. I like to enter the cinema in time to see the coming attractions.
A3. In Japan, they have a reputation for having a train system that is on time 99% of the
time.
A4. Indiana Jones is very often in life-threatening situations, but he always manages to
escape just in time.
A5. Governments have a lot of problems completing projects on time and under
budget.
A7. I arrived at the party in time to see the birthday girl blow out the candles.
A9. At school, the teacher is always happy if you hand in your work on time.
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Exercise 22
Will/Would/Used To For Habits Or States
nn Re-write these sentences using the words will, would or used to.
Some can use either would or used to.
A1. They went to the gym every day when they were younger.
They used to/would go to the gym every day when they were younger.
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STAGE
Exercise 23
Propose + Gerund/ Infinitive
nn Rewrite the sentences to explain the intended use of propose in the following
sentences.
E.g. When I finish this job, I propose to take a long holiday.
When I finish this job, I intend to take a long holiday.
A1. I propose going out to lunch and celebrating this good news.
I suggest going out to lunch to celebrate this good news.
A2. Sandra proposed to go to bed early because she had been working so hard.
Sandra intended to go to bed early because she had been working so hard.
A3. Charles proposed sending all the emails out at once, but the others thought that was
too much work.
Charles suggested sending all the emails out at once, but the others thought
that was too much work.
A4. Frank had proposed to go to Tahiti for his honeymoon before his wife-to-be ran off
with another man.
Frank had intended to go to Tahiti for his honeymoon before his wife-to-be ran
off with another man.
A6. The former president had proposed to introduce several reforms before he was
defeated in the last elections.
The former president had intended to introduce several reforms before he was
defeated in the last elections.
A8. Victor proposed to change his musical style to something more modern.
Victor intended to change his musical style to something more modern.
A9. Steve had proposed meeting at the beach but it is raining now.
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Steve had suggested meeting at the beach but it is raining now.
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A10. George had never proposed to make economics his major, but he was drawn to the
subject.
George had never intended to make economics his major, but he was drawn to
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the subject.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES
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STAGE
Exercise 24
Common uses of the Gerund
A4. Debbie always washes her hands before her dinner (eat).
Debbie always washes her hands before eating her dinner.
A7. David never thought that salad was good for his health (eat).
David never thought that eating salad was good for his health.
A9. She was always seen stretching after her exercise class (finish).
She was always seen stretching after finishing her exercise class.
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A10. We had to realise to foreign people is sometimes difficult (speak).
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STAGE
Exercise 25
By And Its Many Uses
nn Rewrite the sentences to use the word by with the same meaning.
A3. I will have gone to sleep some time before midnight tonight.
I will have gone to sleep by midnight tonight.
A4. When you hire a plumber, you usually have to pay for every hour that they are there.
When you hire a plumber, you usually have to pay by the hour.
A5. The dimensions of a football pitch are usually 105 metres long and 68 metres wide.
The dimensions of a football pitch are usually 105 metres by 68 metres.
A7. Many people know how to sing Hotel California from memory.
Many people know how to sing Hotel California by heart.
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STAGE
Exercise 26 Exercise 27
Comparatives - Big And Small Encourage and Discourage
Differences
nn Decide whether encourage
nn Choose the correct comparative or discourage is more appropriate
that indicates the difference between for the sentence given in the space
the two things the best. provided.
A1. Australia is much larger than An A1. Parents try to discourage their chil
dorra. dren from taking drugs.
A2. Gran Via is slightly longer than A2. The coach encouraged his team
Diagonal. to perform better.
A3. Messi is a bit better than Ronaldo. A3. The police try to discourage peo
ple from driving while drunk by
A4. Mt Everest is far higher than Ti handing out large fines.
bidabo.
A4. Harry felt really discouraged when
A5. My father is a little older than my he failed his exam badly.
mother.
A5. Losing 10kgs encouraged Sally to
A6. Pugs are a lot smaller than Great continue with her weight loss pro
Danes. gram.
A7. Einstein was far smarter than I am. A6. He was encouraged to try some
different kinds of food by his mother.
A8. My grandfather is much older than
I am. A7. Tracey was discouraged from
entering the competition because
A9. Today is slightly hotter than yes she wasn’t good enough.
terday.
A8. Young people are encouraged to
A10. Somalia is a lot poorer than Swe study hard at school.
den.
A9. Praise encourages you to conti
nue giving your best effort.
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A10. I get discouraged when people
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STAGE
Exercise 28
Make The Best Of/Most Of
nn Decide whether make the best of or make the most of is more appropriate for
the given sentence. Make sure to put it in the correct tense.
A1. It was raining on the day we intended to go to the Eiffel Tower so we decided to
make the best of the situation and visited the Louvre instead.
A2. It was an unusually warm January day, so we made the most of it and went for a
picnic in the park.
A3. Fred decided to make the most of his time in Barcelona and visited as many sites as
he could.
A4. Wilma had broken her foot and was confined to her bed for two weeks so she
decided to make the best of the situation and read as many books as she could.
A5. The Def Leppard drummer lost one of his arms in a car accident but he made the
most of what he still had and learnt how to drum using only one arm.
A6. When you only have limited time in a certain place when on holiday, it is important to
make the most of your time and see as much as possible.
A7. Daphne had to make the best of what she had, despite being very poor.
A8. He was happy to be able to see her, even if it was only for one day and he had to
make the most of their time together.
A9. Tony had never seen a kangaroo before, so had to make the most of it and take as
many photos as possible.
A10. Henrietta was very sick but she made the best of her time and got some extra work
done.
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STAGE
Exercise 29
Mixed Conditionals
nn Fill in the blank by using the correct tense of the verb given in brackets.
NB: Some verbs may need to be in the negative form.
A2. If I hadn’t arrived so late to the restaurant, I wouldn’t need to eat so quickly now.
A4. I would speak Spanish well now if I had studied when I was a child.
A6. If they hadn’t lost in the last round, they would be in the semifinals.
A7. If my boss had given me the time off, I would be in Hawaii right now!
A8. If John wasn’t such a liar, he would have told his mom what he really did last night.
A9. I probably wouldn’t be working here if my friend hadn’t told me about this job.
A10. If Kim was/were braver, she would have gone skydiving with us.
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STAGE
Exercise 30
Modal Auxiliaries for Probability
A3. It is not possible for this to be his jacket; it’s too small.
This can’t be his jacket; it’s too small.
A5. I am sure that she has gone home because her car is not here anymore.
She must have gone home because her car is not here anymore.
A6. They left here about two hours ago so they have probably arrived home by now.
They left here about two hours ago so they should have arrived home by now.
A7. I think perhaps I forgot to pay the electricity bill last week.
I think I might have forgotten to pay the electricity bill last week.
A9. If you leave now, perhaps you will be able to catch the last train home.
If you leave now, you might be able to catch the last train home.
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www.callan.es A10. I’m sure he trained hard for the event because he finished in the top five.
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He must have trained hard for the event because he finished in the top five.