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Rotating Unbalance

Rotating unbalance in machinery can be modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom system with an eccentric mass representing the unbalance. The document derives equations to describe the steady-state displacement magnitude and phase angle of the system when subjected to the rotating unbalance force. The displacement magnitude is scaled based on factors like the eccentric mass, total mass, rotational speed, and natural frequency of the system. These equations can be used to analyze vibration from rotating unbalance.

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654 views4 pages

Rotating Unbalance

Rotating unbalance in machinery can be modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom system with an eccentric mass representing the unbalance. The document derives equations to describe the steady-state displacement magnitude and phase angle of the system when subjected to the rotating unbalance force. The displacement magnitude is scaled based on factors like the eccentric mass, total mass, rotational speed, and natural frequency of the system. These equations can be used to analyze vibration from rotating unbalance.

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AN INTRODUCTION TO ROTATING UNBALANCE

By Tom Irvine
Email: [email protected]

March 20, 2008


______________________________________________________________________________

Rotating unbalance in machinery is an example of an applied force. Model a machine with


rotating unbalance as a single-degree-of-freedom system.

m
ωt
e

x
M

c
k/2 k/2

Figure 1.

The variables are:

M is the total mass


m is the eccentric mass representing the unbalance
c is the viscous damping coefficient
k is the stiffness
x is the absolute displacement of the non-rotating mass
e is the eccentricity
ω is the rotational frequency in radians/sec

1
The free-body diagram is

f (t)

kx cx&

Figure 2.

The rotating unbalance force is


d2
f ( t ) = −m [ e sin ωt ] (1)
dt 2

f ( t ) = m ω 2 e sin ωt (2)

Sum the forces using Newton’s law. The upward direction is positive.

∑ F = m&x& (3)

M&x& = f ( t ) − kx − cx& (4)

M&x& + cx& + kx = f ( t ) (5)

M&x& + cx& + kx = m ω 2 e sin ωt (6)

&x& + (c / M ) x& + (k / M ) x = (m / M ) ω2 e sin ωt (7)

c / M = 2ξ ω n (8)

2
k
ωn = (9)
m

&x& + 2ξ ω n x& + ω n2 x = (m / M ) ω 2 e sin ωt (10)

Equation (10) can be solved via Reference 1.

The steady-state displacement magnitude X is

⎧⎪ m ω 2 e ⎫⎪ 1
X=⎨ ⎬ (11)
⎪⎩ k ⎪⎭ ⎛ 2
⎜1 − ρ ⎞⎟ + (2ξρ )2
2
⎝ ⎠

where
ω
ρ=
ωn

The steady-state displacement magnitude can be scaled as

M ⎧⎪ Mω2 ⎫⎪ 1
X=⎨ ⎬ (12)
me ⎪⎩ k ⎪⎭ ⎛ 2
⎜1 − ρ ⎞⎟ + (2ξρ )2
2
⎝ ⎠

M ⎧⎪ ω 2 ⎫⎪ 1
X=⎨ ⎬ (13)
me ⎪⎩ ω n 2 ⎪⎭ ⎛ 2
⎜1 − ρ ⎞⎟ + (2ξρ )2
2
⎝ ⎠

M ρ2
X= (14)
me 2
⎛⎜1 − ρ 2 ⎞⎟ + (2ξρ )2
⎝ ⎠

3
The corresponding phase angle is

⎡ 2ξρ ⎤
θ = arctan ⎢ ⎥ (15)
⎢⎣1 − ρ 2 ⎥⎦

Reference

1. T. Irvine, The Time-Domain Response of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom System Subjected


to a Sinusoidal Force, Vibrationdata, 1999.

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