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Is Here Again .: Chema Alonso

This document provides an overview of the File Analysis Tool FOCA and the types of metadata, hidden information, and lost data that it can extract from documents and websites. It discusses how FOCA can fingerprint organizations by collecting public files, extracting their metadata, and analyzing the information. The document also demonstrates FOCA's network discovery algorithm and shows how it recursively maps internal networks and servers by following links and performing searches.

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Francioli Daria
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views55 pages

Is Here Again .: Chema Alonso

This document provides an overview of the File Analysis Tool FOCA and the types of metadata, hidden information, and lost data that it can extract from documents and websites. It discusses how FOCA can fingerprint organizations by collecting public files, extracting their metadata, and analyzing the information. The document also demonstrates FOCA's network discovery algorithm and shows how it recursively maps internal networks and servers by following links and performing searches.

Uploaded by

Francioli Daria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Is

 here  again….  
Chema  Alonso  
Previously  on  
 FOCA….  
FOCA  0.X  
What  kind  of  data  can  be  found?  

•  Metadata:  
–  InformaDon  stored  to  give  informaDon  about  the  
document.  
•  For  example:  Creator,  OrganizaDon,  etc..  
•  Hidden  informaDon:  
–  InformaDon  internally  stored  by  programs  and  not  
editable.  
•  For  example:  Template  paths,  Printers,  db  structure,  etc…  
•  Lost  data:  
–  InformaDon  which  is  in  documents  due  to  human  mistakes  
or  negligence,  because  it  was  not  intended  to  be  there.  
•  For  example:  Links  to  internal  servers,  data  hidden  by  format,  etc…  
Metadata  Risks  
•  “Secret”  relaDonships  
–  Government  &  companies  
–  Companies  &  providers  
•  Piracy  
•  ReputaDon  
•  Social  engineering  aSacks  
•  TargeDng  Malware  
2003  –  MS  Word  bytes  Tony  Blair  
TargeDng  Malware  
TargeDng  Malware  
ElecDng  the  entry  point  
Social  Engineering  ASack  
Anonym0us  case  
GPS  informaDon  
Lost  Data  
FOCA:  File  types  supported  

•  Office  documents:  
–  Open  Office  documents.  
–  MS  Office  documents.  
–  PDF  Documents.  
•  XMP.  
–  EPS  Documents.  
–  Graphic  documents.  
•  EXIFF.  
•  XMP.  
–  Adobe  Indesign,  SVG,  SVGZ  (NEW)  
 
What  can  be  found?    
•  Users:   –  Shared  Folders.  
–  Creators.   –  ACLS.  
–  Modifiers  .   •  Internal  Servers.  
–  Users  in  paths.   –  NetBIOS  Name.  
•  C:\Documents  and  secngs\jfoo –  Domain  Name.  
\myfile  
•  /home/johnnyf  
–  IP  Address.  
•  OperaDng  systems.   •  Database  structures.  
•  Printers.   –  Table  names.  
–  Local  and  remote.   –  Colum  names.  
•  Paths.   •  Devices  info.  
–  Local  and  remote.   –  Mobiles.  
•  Network  info.   –  Photo  cameras.  
–  Shared  Printers.   •  Private  Info.  
–  Personal  data.  
•  History  of  use.  
Demo:  
Single  files  
Sample:  FBI.gov  

Total:    4841  files  


 
Are  they  cleaned?  
Metadata  in  Search  Engines  
FOCA  1  v.  RC3  
•  FingerprinDng    OrganizaDons  with  Collected  
Archives  
–  Search  for  documents  in  Google  and  Bing  
–  AutomaDc  file  downloading  
–  Capable  of  extracDng  Metadata,  hidden  info  and  
lost  data  
–  Cluster  informaDon    
–  Analyzes  the  info  to  fingerprint  the  network.  
Demo:  
A  lot  of  files  
How  may  days  to  do  the  
pentesDng?  
SomeDmes  don´t  

hSp://www.sam.usace.army.mil/en/Upload/FTPLink.html  
FOCA  2.5  
•  Network  Discovery  
•  Recursive  algorithm  
•  InformaDon  Gathering  
•  Sw  RecogniDon  
•  DNS  Cache  Snooping  
•  ReporDng  Tool  
DNS  Search  Panel  
FOCA  2.5:  Exalead  
Huge  domains  case  
DNS  Search  &  Zone  Transfer  
•  IP  resoluDon  
•  Well-­‐Known  records  
–  NS  
–  TXT  (SPF)  
–  MX  
–  SOA  (Primary.master)  
•  Zone  Transfer  
•  Diccionary  search  
Network  Discovery  Algorithm  
hSp://apple1.sub.domain.com/~chema/dir/fil.doc  
 
1)  hSp  -­‐>  Web  server    
2)  GET  Banner  HTTP  
3)  domain.com  is  a  domain  
4)  Search  NS,  MX,  SPF  records  for  domain.com  
5)  sub.domain.com  is  a  subdomain  
6)  Search  NS,  MX,  SPF  records  for  sub.domain.com  
7)  Try  all  the  non  verified  servers  on  all  new  domains  
1)  server01.domain.com  
2)  server01.sub.domain.com  
8)  Apple1.sub.domain.com  is  a  hostname  
9)  Try  DNS  PredicDon  (apple1)  on  all  domains  
10)  Try  Google  Sets(apple1)  on  all  domains  
 
Network  Discovery  Algorithm  
hSp://apple1.sub.domain.com/~chema/dir/fil.doc  
 
11)  Resolve  IP  Address  
12)  Get  CerDficate  in  hSps://IP  
13)  Search  for  domain  names  in  it  
14)  Get  HTTP  Banner  of  hSp://IP  
15)  Use  Bing  Ip:IP  to  find  all  domains  sharing  it  
16)  Repeat  for  every  new  domain    
17)  Connect  to  the  internal  NS  (1  or  all)  
18)  Perform  a  PTR  Scan  searching  for  internal  servers  
19)  For  every  new  IP  discovered  try  Bing  IP  recursively  
20)  ~chema  -­‐>  chema  is  probably  a  user  
 
Network  Discovery  Algorithm  
hSp://apple1.sub.domain.com/~chema/dir/fil.doc  
 
21)  /  ,  /~chema/    and  /~chema/dir/  are  paths  
22)  Try  directory  lisDng  in  all  the  paths  
23)  Search  for  PUT,  DELETE,  TRACE  methods  in  every  path  
24)  Fingerprint  sofware  from  404  error  messages  
25)  Fingerprint  sofware  from  applicaDon  error  messages  
26)  Try  common  names  on  all  domains  (dicDonary)  
27)  Try  Zone  Transfer  on  all  NS  
28)  Search  for  any  URL  indexed  by  web  engines  related  to  the  hostname  
29)  Download  the  file  
30)  Extract  the  metadata,  hidden  info  and  lost  data  
31)  Sort  all  this  informaDon  and  present  it  nicely  
32)  For  every  new  IP/URL  start  over  again  
 
 
Demo:  
disa.mil  
 
Digital  CerDficates  
FOCA  2.5  URL  Analysis  
Unsecure  HSp  Methods  
Search  &  Upload  
Searching  for  Server-­‐Side  
Technologies  
FOCA  2.5  &  Shodan  
Demo:    
whitehouse.gov  
 
Fuzzing  opDons  (PRO)  
.lisDng  
DNS  Cache  Snooping  
DNS  Cache  Snooping  
DNS  Cache  Snooping  
•  Internal  Sofware  
–  Windows  Update  
–  Gtalk  
•  Evilgrade  
–  DetecDng  vulnerable  sofware  to  Evilgrade  aSacks  
•  AV  evassion  
–  DetecDng  internal  AV  systems  
•  Malware  driven  by  URL  
–  Hacking  a  web  site  ussually  visited  by  internal  
users  
FOCA  ReporDng  Module  (PRO)  
Demo:  DNS  
Cache  Snooping  
Fear  The  FOCA  
FOCA  on  Linux?  
FOCA  Online  
hSp://www.informaDca64.com/FOCA  
Cleaning  documents  
•  OOMetaExtractor  

hSp://www.codeplex.org/oometaextractor    
IIS  MetaShield  Protector  

hSp://www.metashieldprotector.com    
Get  FOCA!  
•  FOCA  Free  2.6.1  
–  hSp://www.informaDca64.com/FOCA  
•  Love  FOCA  and  want  the  Pro  Version?  
–  Book  for  an  online  training!  (28th  April)  
–  hSp://www.informaDca64.com/DownloadFOCA/
Trainings.aspx  
•  Have  the  Pro  version  but  not  the  last  version?  
–  Help  FOCA  
•  Spread  the  word!  
•  Buy  a  FOCA  T-­‐Shirt  
•  Buy  me  something  to  drink    
Buy  a  FOCA  T-­‐Shirt  

And  be  «Sexy»    }:))  


QuesDons?  
-­‐  Chema  Alonso    
-­‐  [email protected]  
-­‐  hSp://www.informaDca64.com    
-­‐  hSp://www.elladodelmal.com    
-­‐  hSp://twiSer.com/chemaalonso  
-­‐  hSp://www.forefront-­‐es.com  
-­‐  hSp://www.seguridadapple.com    
-­‐  hSp://www.windowstecnico.com  
-­‐  hSp://www.puntocomparDdo.com    
-­‐  Working  on  FOCA:  
-­‐  Chema  Alonso  
-­‐  Alejandro  Marvn  
-­‐  Francisco  Oca  
-­‐  Manuel  Fernández  «The  Sur»  
-­‐  Daniel  Romero  
-­‐  Enrique  Rando  
-­‐  Pedro  Laguna  
-­‐  Special  Thanks  to:  John  Matherly  [Shodan]  

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