ES OE Se a Pana ee BASED ON THE PEI: et ‘ees TNA Nita 1107. Oy — ET omnes5 oe ty nnn a ' Illustrated Guide ' — to the National ' Electrical Code’ ' 2nd Edition om =THOMSON + - DELMAR LEARNING Illustrated Guide to the National Electrical Code®, 2nd edition Charles R. Haller Business Unit Oecton txeutve Marketing Manager Production Coordinator Dar Ecen Maura Teal Toni Hanson Executive Elton Chanel anager Project eator Sercy Cre Fanon fartara Oar ‘Acguistons Editor Marketing Coordinator ‘Ait and Design Coordinator: Mare Huth Ban weer Chen Plasse Foal Assistant ecutive Production Manager Cover Desig: Dawn Daugherty Mary Elen Slack Ghar Cummings, Advertsing Developmental Editar Jeter & Thomson COPYRIGHT © 2002 by Oem, dvsion of ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Lary of Congress Cataloging ‘Thomeon Lesming, In. Themson Lsmsing is in-Pubieabon Du 4 rademak ued hacen under ence coe ee anes eet Ne pat of this wore covered by the wiles chars 1955 pant hereon ay be reproduced oF me Ces uated ide othe Natonl Prot inthe United States of Amana ‘ied i ay form or By any meane— eee toh elcome, or machanea, z 23.45 wo 05 04 03 «2 2nd. Incutingptecoying recording. co former information contact Dein, ing Web serious, er rformaton Pe doe 3 Columbia Cee, PO Box 15015, storage and eter ses —nthout ere [any NF 122125015. the wren pemision ofthe pubis 1. Becicengeenng-insurance Cor ted oan the Wo! Wie Wed st Fer permision to use material rom he reauierent-Unted Sates. 2 tenor pros cont sy ect whing-inasance eq eterna som Te. 00) 730-2204 ‘rent-Unted Stats 3. Naor Fre Fe (600 7302215, Proton Assen ind/thamsomighisca Navonl Becca Cade, Te TK260.M52 2001 7001028120 NOTICE TO THE READER Publisher does not warrant or gearanice any ofthe products described hess of pesform any independent aaiyss in connection with ‘ny ofthe produce information contsined herein. Pobisher does aoe sme, and éxpresly dca, any oblgioon eo obtain and include Information her than tat provided to iby the manutacuee, "The reader s exprsly warned to consdcr and adop al sry precautions that might be indicated by che actives bertin and to void all porenoal meas By folownng the intucbons contiaed herein, ce reader wilingly assumes al ks in connections with sch “The publisher mskes no repreentition ar waesnset of any kind including bu not limited 0, che waranis of fens fo particular perpote or methantsbiity aoe ar any such oprventacons fps with respect ta the mater gr forth herein andthe publser kes fo exponsibisy wth respect fo such material The pobliher ral nor be lable for any speci, consequential or exemplary damages ‘evlng, in whole oe pare ftom she retdert wie of oF reliance epoa, hs materUNIT 1 Introduction to the National Electrical Code” ceed Objectives 4 The National Electrical Code® 1 Wiring System Product Standards 5 This Book 7 ‘Additional Electrical Requirements & Summary 8 UNIT 2 Definitions 9 Objectives 9 Introduction 9 Definitions 10 Summary 25 Unit 2 Competency Test 25 UNIT 3 Boxes and Enclosures 27 Objectives 27 Introduction 27 Box Fill Calculations 28 General Installation 31 Box and Lumaire (Fixture) Support 35, Junction and Pull Box Sizing 40 Summary 44 Unit 3 Competency Test 45 UNIT 4 Cables 45 Objectives 45 Introduction 45 General installation 46 . Conductor Identification 52 Underground installations 54 Special Application Cables 57 Summary 59 Unit 4 Competency Test 60 UNIT 5 Raceways and Conductors 64 Objectives 64 Introduction 64 General Provisions 65 Non-Flexible Conduit (and Tubing) 67 Flexible Conduit and Tubing 73 Other Raceways 76 Raceway Fill 85 Conductors 86 Summary 92 Unit 5 Competency Test 92 SECTION 2 Co ay Wunaeliiaaa tery UNIT 6 General Prot 95 Objectives 95 Introduction 95 Electrical Floor Plan (Blueprint) 96 Branch Circuits 97 Receptacles 99 Receptacle Replacements 105 Lighting and Switching 107 ‘Outdoor Receptacles and Lighting 108 Summary 114 Unit 6 Competency Test 112 ions 114 Objectives 114 Introduction 114 Bedrooms, Kitchens, Dining Rooms, and Breakfast, ‘Areas 115 Hallways and Stairways 123 Clothes Closets 123 Bathrooms 125 Basements and Garages 127 Laundry Areas 130 Attic and Crawl Spaces 131 Summary 132 Unit 7 Competency Test 133 UNIT 8. Load Calculations 135 Objectives 135 Introduction 135 Compiling Information Essential to Loadiv Contents Calculations 136 Standard Method: One-Family Dwellings 137 Optional Method: One-Family Dwellings 145 Summary 150 Unit 8 Competency Test 150 UNIT 9 Services and Electrical Equipment .......152 Objectives 152 Introduction 152 Service-Entrance Wiring Methods 153 Service and Outside Wiring Clearances 157 Working Space Around Equipment 161 Service Equipment and Panelboards 165 Grounding 174 Summary 184 Unit 9 Competency Test 184 Rizailel ie} Pages WN hay T ame lees UNIT 10 Comprehensive Provisi Objectives 187 Introduction 187 Plans (Blueprints) 188 Services 189 Service Wiring Clearances 193 Panelboards and Equipment 194 Branch Circuits 196 Voltage Drop 200 Summary 205 Unit 10 Competency Test 205 187 UNIT 11 Specific Provisions 208 Objectives 208 Introduction 208 ‘Compiling Load Calculation Information 209 Standard Method: Multi-Family Dwellings 209 Six-Unit Multi-Family Dwelling Calculation 218 Standard Load Calculation for Each Unit of a Multi-Family Dwelling 222 Optional Method: Multi-Family Dwellings 226 Six-Unit Multi-Family Dwelling Calculation (Optional Method) 233 Optional Load Calculation for Each Multi- Family Dwelling Unit 236 ‘Summary 240 Unit 11 Competency Test 240 Bisaieics COMMERCIAL LOCATIONS UNIT 12 General Provisions .. oe 243 Objectives 243 Inéroduction 243 Branch Circuits 244 Receptacles 248 Lighting 251 Summary 261 Unit 12 Competency Test 261 UNIT 13 Non-Dwelling Load Calculations 265 Objectives 265 Introduction 265 Non-Dwelling Load Calculation 266 Sample Load Calculation—Store 275 Sample Load Calculation—Bank 280 Summary 285 Unit 13 Competency Test 285 UNIT 14 Services, Feeders, and Equipment 288 Objectives 288 Introduction 288 Clearances and Working Space 289 ‘Switchboards and Panelboards 292 Separately Derived Systems 298 Busways 305 ‘Summary 307 Unit 14 Competency Test 307 Beare Basa tecleat gel aa FAs ae UNIT 15 Hazardous (Classified) Locations B11 Objectives 311 Introduction 311 Overview 312 Class | Locations 318 Class Il Locations 329 Class Ill Locations 332 Summary 334 Unit 15 Competency Test 335UNIT 16 Health Care 337 Objectives 337 Introduction 337 General 338 Patient Care Areas 344 Hospitals 346 Nursing Homes and Limited Care Facilties. 350 Inhalation Anesthetizing Locations 352 X-Ray Installations 353 Summary 355 Unit 16 Competency Test 355 UNIT 17 Industrial Locations 358 Objectives 358 Introduction 358 General 359 Motors 367 Specific Equipment 375 ‘Summary 380 Unit 17 Competency Test 380 UNIT 18 Special Occupancies 383 Objectives 383 Introduction 383 Motion Picture (and Television Studio) ‘Audience Areas, Performance Areas, Theaters, and Similar Locations 384 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events 389 Places of Assembly 391 ‘Motion Picture (and Television) Studios, and Similar Locations 392 ‘Motion Picture Projection Rooms 394 ‘Manufactured Buildings 395 Agricultural Bulldings 396 ‘Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile-Home Parks 397 Recreational Vehicles and Recreational- Vehicle Parks 402 Floating Buildings 404 ‘Marinas and Boatyards 405 Summary 406 Unit 18 Competency Test 406 UNIT 19, Specific Equipment 409 Objectives 409 Introduction 409 Equipment 410 Sensitive Electronic Equipment 418 Contents v Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, ‘Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and Stairway Chair Lifts 421 ‘Swimming Pools, Fountains, and Similar Installations. 426 Summary 438 Unit 19 Competency Test 438 Index 4a1Preface Mlustrated Guide to the NEC® ofers an exciting new approach to understanding and applying the provisions of the National Elecrcal Code®. Unlike the Code, this text gathers, and presents detailed information in a format, such as One- Family or Multi-Family Dwellings, based tipon “type of ‘ccupancy” Code specifications applicable to a given cype of ‘occupancy are logically organized in easy-to-read units and ‘graphically enhanced by numerous technical ilustations. Going an extra step, the occupancy-specific material is sub- ivided into specific rooms and areas Information relevané to ‘more than one eype of occupancy is organized into indepen dent units for easier reference. For instance, items such 2s ace~ ‘ways and conductors are covered in Unit 5 but are relited to every type of occupancy. Students who wish to acquire a comprehensive grasp of all electrical codes will want to study this text section by sec tion and unit by unit. Practicing electricians who have spe- alized in one type of occupancy and who wish to understand an unfamiliar segment may want to focus on those new areas. Example: An electrician who has been wiring commercial facilities for a number of years wants to wire a new house Being unfimiliar with the codes concerning residential wiring, this individual can turn to Section 2, “One-Family Dwellings.” Here, everything from receptacle placement 0 the placement of the service point is explained. Section 2 is made up of four units: Unis 6 through 9. Unit 6, "General Provisions,” contains general requirements for one-family dwellings, both interior and exterior. Unit, "Specific Provi~ sions.” addresses more complex issues, requiring additional provisions for specific areas such as kitchens, hallways, clothes closets, bathrooms, garages, basements, etc. Unit 8, “Load Calculations,” simplifies the standard as well as optional load calculation methods for one-family dwellings. Unit 9, "See~ vices and Electrical Equipment,” is divided into five sub- headings: Service-Enerance Wiring Methods, Service and ‘Outside Wiring Clearances, Working Space Around Euip- ‘ment, Service Equipment and Panelboards, and Grounding. ‘The “what” “when,” “where” adoption of the provisions of the NEC is under the discretionary control of state and local jurisdictions. State and local jurisdictions alo have the liberty of appending additional codes, which in many cases may be more stringent than those outlined by the NEC* The Code may be adopted in whole or in part. For example, while some local codes do not allow the use of nonmetallic sheathed cable for residential or commercial witing, others allow i we in residential, but not in commercial, wiring applications, To ensure compliance, obtain a copy of any acicional rues and regulations for your area. This guide’ objective is to provide the information needed to complete your project without the necesity of learning the NEC® fom cover to cover. strated Guide tothe National Electrical Code® will bring your project to life as aqickly and as accurately as any text on the market today in the electrical field, as in any career, the learning experienc: never ends. Whether you are an electrician’ apprentice, a ‘master electrician, of an electrical inspector, Ilutrated Guide fo the National Electrical Code® has something for you. We believe you will find ic to be 2 valuable addition to your refer cence library. In fact, you may want to include it in your box or be Please nore that this guide book was completed after all the normal steps in the NFPA 70 review cycle—Proposals to Code-Making Panel mittee, Report on Proposals, Comments to Code-Making. Panels, seview by Technical Correlating Commitee, Report on Comments, NFPA Annual Meeting, and ANSI Standards CCouncil—and before the actual publication of the 2002 edi- tion of the NEC, Every effort has been made to be techni- cally correct, but there is alvays the posibiity of ‘ypographical errors or appeals made to the NFPA Board of Directors after the normal review cycle that could change the review by Technical Corzelating Com- appearance or substance of che Code. If changes do occur after the printing of this book, they will be included in the Instructors Guide and will be incor porated into the guidebook in ts next printing. esse nore alsa that the Code has a standard method to ingroduce changes between review cycles, called “Tentative Interim Amendment,” or TIA. These TIAs and cypographi- cal errors can be downloaded from the NFPA website, wwevenfpa.org, to make your copy of the Code current,vili Preface CA fol mil S/ Unio) sd For eighteen years, Charles R. Miller owned and operated a successful commercial electrical contracting company (Light- house Electric Co., Inc) in Nashville, Tennessee, Throughout those years, he prided himself on solving problems aban- doned by less-killed or less-dedicated technicians. In 1988 he began operating a second company, dedicated to electrical- related training and known as Lighthouse Educational Ser- vices. Mr. Miller teaches custom-tailored clases and seminars covering various aspects of the electrical industry. Hundreds of students have taken advantage of his extensive experience in electrical contracting, regulatory exams (current electrical codes), and electrcal-related business and law. Class and serni- nar attendees have included individuals employed by compa- nies such as Ford, Textron, The Aerostructures Corporation, and Aladdin Industries; by academic institutions such as Ten nessee State and Vanderbuilt Universities; and by governmen- tal agencies, including NASA. Charles Miller has dedicated over 5,000 hours to making. Mustrated Guide to the Notional Electrical Code® a reality. His unsurpassed attention to detail is evident on every page. Since this book’s conception, every day's waking hours have been consumed with careful planning and execution of content and design. His unwavering commitment to quality, from the firse page in Unit 1 to the last page in Unit 19, has produced a technically superior, quintessentially user-ftiendly guide. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | woul like to say “thank you" to my children, Christin and ‘Adam, for being patient and understanding ducing the extremely long hours aad endless days working on this text. My mother, Evelyn Miller, gets 2 special “thank you” and “I love you" for a ifetime of support and encouragement. She called every day to check on me and quite often sent en- couraging greeting cards that always came at just che righe ‘Thank you to my Senior Editor at Delmar, Matk Huth, for the privilege of writing for such 2 profesional publishing company, also would like to thank the entire Delmar project team comprised of al of those listed on the copyright page at the front ofthis book. ast, but not least, the author and Delmar would like to thank the following reviewers fr their contributions: vill Kermit Davis, Je Spotsylvania Vocational Center Greg Fletcher Kennebec Valley Technical College Lanny McMabill City of Phoenix Gary Reiman, Dunwoody Insttuee Kevin Weigman Northeast Wisconsin Technical College Applicable tables and section references are reprinted with permission fom NFPA 70-2002, National Electrical Code®, copyright © 2002, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. This reprinted material is not the ‘complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entiretyMETRICS (SI) AND THE NEC® Metrics (SI) and the NEC® ‘The United States is the last major country in the world not using the metric system as the primary system. We have been very comfortable using English (United States Cuscomary) values, however this is'now changing. Manufacture showing both inch-pound and metric dimensions in their cat- alogs. Plans and specifications for governmental new construc ‘ion and renovation projects started after January 1, 1994 have been done using the metric system: You may not feel cém- fortable with metrics, but metrics are here to stay. You might just as well get familiar wich the metric system. ‘The NEC *and other NEPA Standards are becoming international standards, All measurements in the 2002 NEC ® are shown with mecrics first, followed by the inch-pound value in parentheses. For example, 600 mmm (24 in), In this guidebook, ease in understanding is of utmost jaes are shown first, le, 24 in, importance. Therefore, inch-pound followed by metric values in parentheses. For exarm (600 mm), ‘A soft meri conversion is when the dimensions of a product already designed and manufactured to the inch-pound system have their dimensions converted to metric dimensions. The product does not change in size. A hard metric measurement is where a product has been designed to SI metric dimensions. No conversion from inch- pound measurement units is involved. A hard conversion is where an existing product is redesigned into a new size, In the 2002 edition of the NEC ®, existing inch-pound dimensions did not change. Metric conversions were made, then rounded off. Where rounding off would create a safety hazard, the metric conversions are mathematically identical, For example, if 2 dimension is required to be six fit is shown in the NEC ®as 1.8 mn (6 f). Note thatthe 6 fe remains the same, and che mecric value of 1.83 m has been rounded off 0 1.8 m, This edition of the Mlustrated Guide co the NEC ® reflects these rounded off changes, except that the inch pound measurement is shown fist, ue, 6 (1.8 m). ‘Trade Sizes ‘A unique situation exists. Serange as it may seem, what cians have been referring to for years has not been correct! Raceway sizes have always been an approximation. For example, there has never been a in. raceway! Measurements taken from the NEC ® for a few types of raceways show t following Trade Size Inside Diameter (LD.) | 2 Electrical Metallic Tubing 0.622 in. | Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing 05600 Flexible Metal Conduit 0.635 in Rigid Metal Conduit 632m intermediate Metal Conduit 660 in, You can readily see that the cross-sectional areas, critical ‘when determining conductor fill, are different It makes sense to refer to conduit, raceway, and tubing sizes as rade sizes, The NEC ® in 90.9(C)(1) staves that “where che actual measured size of a product is not the same as the nominal size, trade size designators shall be used rather than dimensions. Trade prac tices shall be followed in all cases.” This edition of the Ius- trated Guide t0 the NEC Suses the term inde size when referring to conduits, raceways, and tubing. For example, instead of referring to a in. EMT, itis referred to as trade size 4 EMT. The NEC ® also uses che term metric designator A 4-in EMT is shown as metric designator 16 ('4). 8 I-in, EMT is showm as metric designator 27 (1). The numbers 16 and 27 are the metric designator values. The (4) and (1) ate the trade sizes. ‘The metic designator is the raceways’ inside diameter—in rounded off millimeters (mm). Here are some of the more common sizes of conduit, raceway, and mubing. A complete table is found in the NEC, Title 300 1(C). Because of possi- ble confusion, cis texe uses only the term inde size when referring to conduit and raceway size. Metric Designator & Trade Size Metric Designator___Trade Size 2 % 16 % 21 4 27, 41 35 Th 41 v4 3 2 a 24 78 3 Conduit knockouts in boxes do not measure up to what ve call them, Here are some examples Trade Size Knockout Actual Measurement % ‘Ain. % 1%2 in. | ‘ |Outlet boxes and device boxes use their outside measure ‘ments as their rade size, The volume allowed for conductors is, based on the amount of free room inside the box, not outside the box. For example, 24 in.x 4 in. x Lin. box has a volume of 21 cubic-in., not 24, Table 314.16(A) contains box-fill information for certain size metal boxes. Each box's trade size is shown in two columns-—millimeters and inches. The volume allowed for conductors és also shown in two columns—cubie centimeters and cubic inches. In this text, the dimensions for device and junction boxes are shown in inches and cubic~ inches. If metric dimensions are needed, simply reference Table 314.16(A). For larger boxes in this text that are not shown in Table 314.16(A), metric values can be determined based on the English values that are given. The metric value (in millimeters) can be obtained by multiplying the size of the box (in inches) by 25.4. For example, what is the metric equivalency (in mil- limeters) of a pull box that measures 24 inches? Twenty-four inches is equal to 609.6 mm (24 x 25.4 = 609.6). Although the exact conversion is 25.4 millimeters per inch, most sec- tions in the Code use the rounded number of 25 millimeters per inch. Therefore throughout most of the Code, 24 in, is equal to 600 mim, ‘Trade sizes for construction material will not change. A 2.x 4 is really a name, not an actual dimension. A 2 x 4 will still be referred to as a2 x 4, This is its ade size In this text, measurements directly related to the NEC * are given in both inch-pound and metric units, In many instances, only the inch-pound units are shown. This is partic ularly tue for the examples of raceway calculations, box fill calculations, and load calculations for squate foot area. Because the NEC ® rounded off most metic conversion values, a computation using metrics results in a different answer when compared to the same computation done using inch-pounds. For example, load calculations for a residence are based on 3 volt-amperes per square foot or 33 volt- amperes per square meter For a 40 fe x 50 ft dwelling: 3 VA x 40 fe x 50 f = 6000 volt-amperes In metrics, using the rounded off values in the NEC ®: 33VA x 12m x 15 m = 5940 volt-amperes, The difference is srall, but nevertheless there isa dierence. To show calculations in both units throughout this text ‘would be very difficult to understand and would take up t00 smiuch space. Calculations in either metrics ot inch-pounds are in compliance with the NEC ®, 90,9(D). In 90.9(C )(3) we find that metric units are not required if the industry practice isco use inch-pound units, I's ineeresting to note that the examples in Chapter 9 ofthe NEC" use inch-pound units, not metrics.