1

04 CHAPTER

PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I

INTRODUCTION INTERMOLECUALR FORCES HYDROGEN BONDING
PROPPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HYDROGEN BONDING

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS LIQUIDS

(1). The intermolecular forces present in monoatomic noble gases are: (LHR,1998)
(a). Dipole – dipole forces (b). London forces (c). Hydrogen bonding (d). Covalent bonding
(2). Some covalent compounds are soluble in water because of: (BWP,2003nc)
(a). Hydration. (b). Hydrolysis. (c). Hydrogen bonding. (d). None.
(3). In liquids, the intermolecular forces are: (GRW, 2003)
(a). very weak (b). very strong (c). reasonably strong (d). negligible
(4). Trend of boiling point of halogens from fluorine to iodine is that it: (Federal, 2003)
(a). increases (b). decreases (c). remains constant (d). negligible
(5). Intermolecular forces among the water molecules are: (GRW,2004)
(a). Ion – dipole forces. (b). Dipole – induced dipole forces. (c). Hydrogen bonding. (d). London dispersion forces.
(6). Water shows maximum boiling point among the hydride of sixth group elements due to:
(a). Very small size of oxygen. (b). Greater electronegative character. (RWP,2004)
(c). Lone pair of electron on oxygen atom. (d). V – shaped structure of water.
(7). Long chains of amino acids are coiled around one another into a spiral by: (Federal, 2004)
(a). covalent bonds (b). ionic bonds (c). hydrogen bonds (d). van der Waal’s forces
(8). Generally hydrides of which of the following groups have low boiling points: (BWP,2004)
(a). G IVA (b). G V A (c). G VI A (d). G VII A
(9). Acetone and chloroform are soluble in each other due to: (GRW,2005)(2007)(2008s)(GRW,2010)
(a). Intermolecular hydrogen bonding (b). Dipole – dipole interaction
(c). Instantaneous dipole (d). All of these
(10). When water freezes at 00C, its density decreases due to: (DGK,2006)(GRW,2008)(2018)
(a). Cubic structure of ice (b). Empty spaces present in the structure of ice
(c). Change of bond length (d). Change of bond angles (FSD,2009)(GRW,2012)(2012s)(2013)(SWL,2014)
(11). The forces which are present between ions and polar molecules of the solvent are: (GRW,2007)
(a). Dipole – dipole forces. (b). Dipole – induced forces. (c). Ion – dipole forces (d). London dispersion forces.
(12). The boiling point of halogens: (GRW,2007np)
(a). Increases down the group (b). Decreases down the group
(c). Remains constant (d). Cannot be predicted.
(13). The volume of ice increases than liquid water by: (FSD,2007)(RWP,2011)
(a). 5% (b). 9% (c). 12% (d). 15%
OR How much more space is occupied by water on cooling: (DGK,2008)
(a). 8% (b). 9% (c). 7% (d). 6%
Or When water freezes its volume increases: (BWP,2014)
(a). 10% (b). 9% (c). 15% (d). 18%
(14). Polarization is measure of extent of distortion: (MUL,2008)
(a). Qualitative (b). Quantitative (c). Systematic (d). None of these.
(15). London dispersion forces are significant for: (FSD,2008)
(a). Polar molecules (b). Ionic solids (c). Metals (d). Nonpolar molecules
(16). The size of diameter of double helix of DNA is: (BWP,2008)
(a). 18 – 20 A0 (b). 20 – 30 A0 (c). 1 – 10 A0 (d). 25 – 30 A0
(17). C6H14 has higher boiling point than CH4 because C6H14 has: (SGD,2008s)
(a). Strong hydrogen bonding (b). Strong dipole – dipole forces (c).Weak London forces (d). Greater polarizability.
(18). The forces present between the ions and water molecules are: (GRW,2009)
(a). Dipole – induced dipole forces. (b). Dipole – dipole forces. (c). Ion – dipole forces (d). London dispersion forces.
(19). The boiling point of higher alkanes are greater than those of lower alkanes due to the reason that:
(a). Higher alkanes have greater number of carbon atoms (b). The polarizability of higher alkanes is greater
(c). Higher alkanes have zigzag structures (d). Higher alkanes have greater hydrogen bonding (FSD,2010)
(20). The strongest acid among the halogen acid is: (BWP,2010)
(a). HF (b). HCl (c). HBr (d). HI
(21). Hydrogen bonding is maximum in: (GRW,2011)
(a). HI (b). HBr (c). HCl (d). HF
(22). Liquid hydrocarbon is: (LHR,2011)
(a). Methane (b). Propane (c). Ethane (d). Hexane
(23). Water has maximum density at: (FSD,2011)
(a). 4.00C (b). 00C (c). 1000C (d). 100C
(24). London dispersion forces are present among the (LHR,2014)
(a). Molecules of water in the liquid state (b). Atoms of helium in the gaseous state at high temperature
(c). Molecules of solid iodine (d). Molecules of hydrogen chloride gas
(25). London dispersion forces are the only forces present among: (BWP,2015)
(a).water molecules (b). helium atoms (c). hydrogen chloride (d). sugar molecules
(26). Dipole – dipole forces are present among (SGD,2017)
(a). molecules of iodine (b). atoms of neon (c). chloroform molecules (d). CCl4 molecules
(27). NH3 shows a maximum boiling point among the hydrides of Vth group elements due to:(RWP,2017)
(a). very small size of nitrogen (b). lone pair of electrons present on nitrogen
(c). enhanced electronegative character of nitrogen (d). pyramidal structure of NH3
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(28). Which of the given has hydrogen bonding? (BWP,2017)
(a).CH4 (b). CCl4 (c). NH3 (d). NaCl

SHORT QUESTIONS LIQUIDS

(1). Ethanol is soluble in water but hydrocarbons are insoluble. (BWP,2004)(DGK,2014)
Or Explain: Ethyl alcohol is soluble in water but methane is not. (FSD,2005ns)
Or Water and ethanol can be mixed easily in all proportions. Why? (GRW,2005)(Lahore,2013)
Or Lower alcohols are soluble in water but corresponding alkanes are insoluble in water. Why? (LHR,2007)
Or Polar compounds are soluble in polar solvents. Justify the statement. (BWP,2009)
Or Explain why water and ethanol can mix easily and in all proportions. (LHR,2014)
(2). What are dipole – induced dipole forces. (SGD,2005s)(MUL,2015)
(3). Why HF is a weaker acid than HCl? (GRW,2006)(LHR,2007)(MUL,2008)(GRW,2009)
Or Why HF has less acidic strength than HI? (GRW,2016)
Or Why HF is the weakest acid than other hydrogen halides? (MUL,2017)
(4). Explain: In a very cold winter the fish in the garden ponds owe their lives to hydrogen bonding?
(DGK,2006s) (GRW,2007)
Or Water freezes from surface to the downward direction in ponds and lakes. Explain why? (DGK,2010)
Or Lower density of ice than water has got significance. (GRW,2007)(BWP,2007)(MUL,2008)
(5). Explain: soap and detergents perform the cleaning action. (DGK,2006s)
(6). Why I2 is solid but Cl2 is gas at room temperature? (AJK,2006)
(7). Ice occupies more space than water, give reason. (LHR,2013)
Or When water freezes, it occupies more space. Give reasons. (GRW,2008s)
Or Why ice floats on the surface of liquid H2O? Explain (LHR,2009)(LHR,2017)(BWP,2017)
Or Density of ice is less than liquid water. Explain with reason. (SGD,2011)
Or Give reason that ice floats on water. (DGK,2016)
(8). Why the melting and boiling points of alkanes increase with increase in molar mass. (LHR,2007)
(9). What are the dipole – dipole interactions? (SGD,2007)
Or What are dipole – dipole forces of attraction? Explain with an example. (LHR,2015)
Or Define dipole – dipole forces and ion – dipole forces. (RWP,2010)
Or Define dipole – dipole forces with example. (FSD,2016)
(10). Why boiling point of water is higher than that of HF? (BWP,2007)(MUL,2008)
(11). Explain, why water is liquid where as, H 2S is gas at room temperature?(Muzafarabad,2007)(GRW,2009)(GRW,2011)
(12). Ethane (C2H6) is a gas but hexane (C6H14) is a liquid at ordinary conditions. Explain (GRW,2008s)(DGK,2010)
Or Why ethane is a gas whereas hexane is liquid at STP. (AJK,2012)
(13). Dipole – dipole forces are stronger than London dispersion forces. Why? (GRW,2009)
OR London dispersions forces are weaker than dipole – dipole forces. Why? (FSD,2008)
(14). H – bonding is present in chloroform and acetone. Justify (GRW,2009)
(15). Melting and boiling points of halogens increase down the group. Explain it (FSD,2009)
Or The boiling point of halogens increase down the group in the periodic table. Give the reason. (GRW,2018)

(16). What are London dispersion forces? (FSD,2009)(SGD,2011)

(17). Iodine dissolves readily in CCl4 as compared to water. Justify. (GRW,2011s)
(18). Distinguish between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. (GRW,2013)
(19). Define hydrogen bonding. Explain with two examples. (GRW,2013)
(20). Name four types of intermolecular forces. (LHR,2014)
(21). Write down uses of hydrogen bonding in paints, dyes and textile materials. (LHR,2014)
(22). Explain solubility of hydrogen bonded molecules. (LHR,2014)
(23). Why boiling points of noble gases increase down the group? (GRW,2014)(BWP,2015)
Or The values of boiling points of noble gases increase from top to bottom within a group. Give reason.(MUL,2017)
(24). What is the difference between polarity and polarizability. (SGD,2014)
(25). Explain cleansing action of soaps. (SGD,2014)
Or Describe cleansing action of soap and detergents on the basis of hydrogen bonding. (LHR,2017)
(26). Define hydrogen bonding. Show hydrogen bonding in ammonia molecules. (DGK,2014)
(27). What types of intermolecular forces are present in the following: (FD,2014)
a. Ammonia, NH3 b. Octane(C8H18) c. Argon(Ar) d. Propanone e. Methanol f. HF
Or What type of intermolecular forces will dominate in the following liquid? (SWL,2017)
(a)CH3COCH3(propanone) (b)C8H18(Octane)
(28). The vapour pressure of diethyl ether is higher than that of water at same temperature. Give reasons.(LHR,2015)
(29). What are London dispersion forces? (SGD,2015)
(30). Why F2 is a gas while I2 is solid at room temperature? (MUL,2016)
(31). What are intermolecular forces of attraction? Give one example. (SGD,2017)
(32). What is importance of hydrogen bonding in water? (DGK,2017)

LONG QUESTIONS LIQUIDS

Q.No.1(a) What are intermolecular forces? Briefly discuss ion – dipole forces. (3)(SGD,2003nc)
Or What are intermolecular forces? Name the four types of these forces and explain any one in detail.
(RWP,2009)(GRW,2017s)
(b) What are the applications of hydrogen bonding in biological compounds? (4) (BWP,2003nc)

Q.No.2(a). Describe the thermodynamic properties of covalent hydrides, according to the hydrogen bonding.
(3)(GRW,2003nc)
(b) Describe structure of ice regarding hydrogen bonding. (5) (GRW,2004ncs)
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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Q.No.3(a). What are instantaneous dipole and induced dipole forces? Discuss the factors affecting London forces.
(3) (LHR,2005np)

Or Define and explain London forces. Describe the factors affecting the London dispersion forces. (4)(DGK,2014)
Or Write a note on three factors affecting the London forces. (4)(BWL,2017)

(b) Explain the following with reasons: (4)(DGK,2006)

(i). In a very cold winter the fish in garden ponds owe their lives to hydrogen bonding.
(ii). Soap and detergents perform the cleansing action.

Q.No.5(a) Define hydrogen bonding. How does it explain the indicated properties of following substances:
(i)Solubility of hydrogen bonded – molecules (ii) structure of ice (4) (LHR,2010)
(b). Explain hydrogen bonding in NH3, H2O and HF. How it is useful in explain the structure of ice. (4)(LHR,2011)
Or How does hydrogen bonding explain the formation of ice and its lesser density than liquid water? (GRW,2012)

Q.No.6(b) What is hydrogen bonding? Explain role of hydrogen bonding in food and biological material. (4)(SGD,2011)
Or What is H – bonding? Discuss H – Bonding in biological compounds. (4)(LHR,2015)
Or How does hydrogen bonding explain the following indicated properties of the substances: (4)(BWP,2015)
(i)Structure of DNA (ii)Hydrogen bonding in proteins
Or Explain hydrogen bonding in protein and DNA. (4)(MUL,2016)
Or What is meant by the term hydrogen bonding? How does hydrogen bonding explain the properties of proteins?
(4)(SGD,2017)
(b) What are intermolecular forces? Write the names of different types of intermolecular forces and explain instantaneous
dipole – induced dipole forces. (4)(FSD,2012)

Q.No.7(a). Write a note on hydrogen bonding. (4) (FSD,2013)

(a). Explain the terms dipole – dipole and dipole – induced dipole forces. (4)(SWL,2014)

04 CHAPTER

PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I

EVAPORATION VAPOUR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT OF VAPOUR PRESSURE

BOILING POINT ENERGETICS OF PHASE CHAGES
CHANGE OF STATE AND DYNAMIC EQULIBRIUM LIQUID CRYSTALS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS LIQUIDS

(1). Evaporation causes: (BWP,97)
(a). cooling (b). heating (c). boiling (d). no effect
(2). In order to mention the boiling point of water at 110 0C, the external pressure should be:
(a). Between 760Torr and 1200Torr (b). Between 200 and 760Torr (RWP,2006)
(c). 765Torr (d). Any value of pressure (DGK,2009)(MUL,2010)
Or At what external pressure the boiling point of water will be 110 0C? (LHR,2015)
(a). Any value of pressure (b). 765Torr
(c). Between 200 Torr to 760 Torr (d). Between 760Torr and 1200Torr
(3). The boiling point of water at Murree Hills is: (LHR,2007)(GRW,2009s)
(a). 1000C (b). 980C (c). 250C (d). 250F
Or The boiling point of water at Murree Hills is: (GRW,2018)
(a). 99.80C (b). 980C (c). 1000C (d). 890C
(4). Vapour pressure of a liquid depends upon: (LHR,2008)(2009)
(a). Amount of liquid (b). Surface area (c). temperature (d). Size of container.
(5). The pressure at which water boils at 101.5 0C is: (DGK,2008s)
(a). 760mmHg (b). 750Torr (c). Slightly more than 1atm (d). 2.5atm.
(6). Heat change for one mole of a solid during converting into liquid is called: (MUL,2009)
(a). Molar heat of fusion. (b). Molar heat of vaporization (c). Molar heat of sublimation (d). Enthalpy change.
(7). The boiling point of H2O at Mount Everest would be: (DGK,2010)(BWP,2016)(LHR,2015)
(a). 980C (b). 1000C (c). 1010C (d). 690C
(8). Glycerine decomposes at its: (LHR,2014)
(a). melting point (b). boiling point (c). freezing point (d). critical point
(9). The boiling point of glycerine at one atmospheric pressure is (DGK,2014)
(a). 2800C (b). 2900C (c). 1000C (d). 1100C
(10). Vapour pressure of a substance does not depend upon. (GRW,2016)
(a). temperature (b). intermolecular forces (c).surface area (d). physical state of matter
(11). Vapour pressure of a liquid depends upon (SWL,2017)
(a). amount of liquid (b).surface area (c). temperature (d). size of container
(12). Boiling point of pure water at 1 atm pressure is: (MUL,2017)
(a). 980C (b). 1000C (c). 690C (d). 1200C
(13). Cholesteryl benzoate turns into milky liquid at (DGK,2017)
(a). 1440C (b). 1450C (c). 1460C (d). 1470C
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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SHORT QUESTIONS LIQUIDS
(1). Boiling point of water is higher at sea level than at mountains, why? (BWP,2004)
Or Why the boiling point of water is different at Murree hills and at Mount Everest? (FSD,2007)(GRW,2014)(BWP,2016)
Or H2O boils at lower temperature on Hilly Areas than on plane areas. Why? (BWP,2010)
Or Why boiling point of water varies from sea – level to higher places? (LHR,2017)
(2). Evaporation causes cooling. Why? (LHR,2005ns)(2006)(FSD,2009)(GRW,2009s)
Or Evaporation result in cooling. Explain (RWP,2006)(LHR,2011)
Or Why do we feel cooling effect after taking bath? (GRW,2007s)(GRW,2008)(GRW,2009)(2013)(BWP,2016)
Or One feels sense of cooling under the fan after bath. Why? (MUL,2014)(BWP,2015)
Or How does evaporation causes cooling/ (DGK,2017)
(3). How does the boiling point vary with external pressure? (GRW,2006s)
Or Define boiling point. How does it vary with external pressure? (GRW,2009)
Or Define boiling point. How it is affect by external pressure? (RWP,2010)
Or Define boiling point. (FSD,2012)
(4). Liquid boils at constant temperature at a given pressure. Why? (GRW,2007)
Or Why boiling needs constant supply of heat? (DGK,2009)
Or Steam causes more severe burns than does the boiling water. Give reason. (GRW,2010)
Or Boiling needs constant supply of heat. Justify it. (FSD,2013)
Or What is boiling point? Why the temperature remains constant at boiling point? (DGK,2014)
(5). How liquid crystals can act as temperature sensors? (LHR,2007)
(6). Why heat of vaporization of hexane is greater than that of ethane. (SGD,2007)
(7). Heat of sublimation of iodine is very high. Why? (DGK,2007)
Or Explain why heat of sublimation of iodine is very high. (GRW,2012)(2016)(LHR,2014)(GRW,2014)(BWP,2015)
Or Heat of sublimation of iodine is very high although it is a molecular solid. Give reason. (GRW,2013)(2017)(LHR,2013)
(8). Why the vapour pressure of water, ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether are different from each other at 00C.(RWP,2007)
Or What is the effect of intermolecular forces on the vapour pressure? (DGK,2016)
(9). Solid ice at 00C can be melted by applying pressure without supply of heat from outside. Why? (RWP,2007)
(10). Why the things can easily be cooked in a pressure cooker? (GRW,2007s)
Or Explain the working of pressure cooker. (FSD,2011)
Or Food can be cooked quickly in Pressure Cooker. Explain reason. (SGD,2011)(2014)
(11). Write four applications of liquid crystals. (LHR,2008)(2011)
Or Give two uses of liquid crystals. (MUL,2014)
(12). How the rate of evaporation depends upon the surface area? (LHR,2009)
(13). What is importance of vacuum distillation? (LHR,2009)(GRW,2009)(2011)(2017)
Or Why vacuum distillation can be used to avoid decomposition of a sensitive liquid?(GRW,2009s)(LHR,2012)(GRW,2012s)
Or Vacuum distillation can be used to avoid decomposition of a sensitive liquid. Justify it. (SWL,2014)(SGD,2015)
Or What is vacuum distillation? Give its advantages. (MUL,2015)
(14). Define vapour pressure of a liquid. (FSD,2009)
Or Define evaporation and vapour pressure. (FSD,2010)
Or Define cleavage plane and vapour pressure. (FSD,2010)
Or Define vapour pressure. Write down the two factors that affect vapour pressure of liquid. (RWP,2011)
Or How vapour pressure is related to intermolecular forces of attraction? (GRW,2017)
(15). How liquid crystals are used as a locator of tumors? (DGK,2009)
(16). Define molar heat of vaporization with one example. (RWP,2009)(SGD,2017)
Or Define molar heat of vaporization and molar heat of fusion. (GRW,2010)(SGD,2010)(LHR,2016)
(17). Evaporation takes place at all the temperatures. Give reason. (GRW,2010)(2012s)(2013)
Or Explain why evaporation takes place at all the temperatures. (LHR,2014)(MUL,2017)
(18). Define molar heat of fusion and molar heat of sublimation. (SGD,2010)
Or Define molar hat of fusion with one example. (GRW,2017)
(19). Write two properties of covalent crystals. (GRW,2011)
(20). Heat of sublimation is greater than that of heat of vaporization. Justify the statement. (GRW,2011s)
Or Heat of sublimation of a substance is greater than that of heat of vaporization. (SGD,2016)
(21). Rate of evaporation increases with the increase in temperature. Give reason. (GRW,2011s)
(22). Earthenware vessels keep water cool. Why? (GRW,2012)(LHR,2012)(GRW,2014)(SWL,2014)
(23). The vapour pressure of solids is far less than those of liquids. (FSD,2013)
(24). Why boiling point of water is greater than HF? (LHR,2014)
Or Why boiling point of water seems to be more affected by hydrogen bonding than that of HF?(RWP,2014)
(25). Gasoline evaporates much faster than water. Give reason. (GRW,2014)(BWP,2015)
(26). What are liquid crystals? Write its one use. (GRW,2014)
(27). How liquid crystals help in the detection of the blockage in veins and arteries? (RWP,2014)(LHR,2015)
Or What are liquid crystals? Give their important medical uses. (MUL,2016)
(28). Why are the vapour pressure of solids far less than those of liquids? (BWP,2014)(MUL,2016)(GRW,2017s)
(29). What is evaporation? How does it causes cooling? (SWL,2014)
(30). Why different liquid evaporate at different rates even at the same temperature? (LHR,2015)
(31). Water is liquid at room temperature while H2S is gas? Explain (DGK,2016)(LHR,2017)
(32). Define evaporation and name the factors which affect evaporation. (FSD,2016)
(33). Why molar heat of vaporization (∆Hv ) is greater than the molar heat of fusion(∆Hf )? (GRW,2016)
(34). Define liquid crystals with one example. (GRW,2017)
(35). What are liquid crystals? Why are they so called? (BWP,2017)
(36). One feels sense of cooling under fan after bath. Why? (GRW,2018)

LONG QUESTIONS LIQUIDS

Q.No.1(a) Discuss three uses of liquid crystals. (3)(SGD,2003np)(GRW,2008)
(b). Define the following terms: (i). Vapour pressure (ii). Boiling point (2)(SGD,2003oc)
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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Q.No.2(a).Define(i). Molar heat of vaporization. (ii). Molar heat fusion. (iii). Molar heat of sublimation.
(iv). London forces. (4)(BWP,2003nc)
(b) What are liquid crystals? Give four important uses of liquid crystals.
(4)(DGK,2005)(GRW,2008)(FSD,2009)
Or What liquid crystals? Give their uses in daily life.(4)(MUL,2006)(GRW,2007)(DGK,2009)(GRW,2010)(2013)(LHR,2014)

Q.No.3(a). Define boiling point. How is it affected by external pressure? (4) (GRW,2005)(FSD,2005np)
(b)(i). Discuss the effect of external pressure on the boiling point. (2,2) (GRW,2007s)
(ii). Give two uses of liquid crystals.
Q.No.4(a). Write down Manometric method to measure the vapour pressure of a liquid. (4)(GRW,2003nc)(2009)(2011s)
Or Give a method for the measurement of vapour pressure of a liquid. (4)(GRW,2006)(GRW,2009)
Or What is vapour pressure? How it can be obtained? (4)(RWP,2005)(GRW,2011)(BWP,2013)
Or Describe measurement of vapour pressure by Manometric Method. (4)(LHR,2014)
(b). Define vapour pressure. How it is measured by Manometric Method? Give its diagram also. (4)(BWP,2016)
Or Define vapour pressure. How it is measured by Manometric Method? (4)(SGD,2014)(RWP,2014)(GRW,2016)
Or Describe manometric method for determination of vapour pressure of a liquid with diagram.(4)(BWP,2015)(DGK,2017)
Or How vapour pressure of a liquid is measured experimentally? Explain it. (4)(MUL,2016)
Q.No.5(a). What is the effect of external pressure on the boiling point of a substance. Give one example.(4)(DGK,2016)
(b). Define evaporation. Explain any three factors affecting evaporation rate. (4)(GRW,2018)

04 CHAPTER

PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I

INTRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS CRYSTAL LATTICE

UNIT CELL CRYSTALS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS SOLIDS
(1). The crystals of graphite are: (LHR,98)(GRW,2009s)
(a). Cubic (b). Hexagonal (c). Trigonal (d). Tetragonal
Or Shape of graphite is: (SWL,2014)
(a). hexagonal (b). cubic (c). tetragonal (d). monoclinic
(2). Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomorphic in nature : (GRW,1998s)
(a). NaCl and KNO3 (b). MgO and NaF (c). NaF and CaCO3 (d). KNO3 and MgO
(3). Transition temperature for sulphur: (MUL,1998s)
(a). 13.20C (b). 95.50C (c). 128.50C (d). 250C
(4). Substances having the same crystalline structures are called: (DGK,2000)
(a). allotropes (b). polymorphs (c). isomorphs (d). isomers
(5). Which of the following is a pseudo solid:(SGD,2003nc)(2013)(LHR,2005)(2014)(2006)(FSD,2009)
(a). CaF2 (b). Glass (c). NaCl (d). All (FSD,2012)(GRW,2018)
Or Which of the following is a pseudo solid: (LHR,2015)
(a). NaBr (b). Glass (c). AgNO3 (d). Naphthalene
(6). The existence of an element in more than one crystalline form is called: (LHR,2004)
(a). Allotropy (b). Isomorphism (c). Polymorphism (d). Isotropy
(7). Example of hexagonal system is: (MUL,2004)
(a). sugar (b). sulphur (c). graphite (d). diamond
(8). The repetition of faces, angles or edges when a crystal is rotated by 360 0 along its axis is called:
(a). Isotropy (b). Isomorphism (c). Symmetry (d). Isomorphism (SGD,2005np)
(9). The crystals show the variation in physical depending upon the direction properties. This property is
called: (GRW,2005np)
(a). Isotropy (b). Anisotropy (c). Polymorphism (d). Isomorphism
(10). Which one is the example of cubic crystals: (GRW,2006)
(a). Graphite (b). Sugar (c). Borax (d). Diamond
(11). Crystal lattice (systems) of substances can be categorized into: (MUL,2006)
(a). Five types (b). Seven types (c). Six types (d). Two types
(12). Amorphous solids: (GRW,2006s)(D.G Khan,2012)
(a).have sharp M.P (b). undergo clean cleavage when cut with knife
(c). have perfect arrangement of atoms (d). can possess small regions of orderly arrangements of atoms
(13). Crystals can be classified into: (MZD,2007)
(a).7crystal systems (b). 4 crystal systems (c). 9 crystals systems (d). 14 crystal systems
(14). In orthorhombic crystals, the unit cell dimensions are: (FSD,2007)
(a). a = b ≠ c α = β = γ = 900 (b). a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ = 900
(c). a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ ≠ 90 0 (d). a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ ≠ 900
(15). A crystal system in which all the axes and angles are unequal is called: (LHR,2007)
(a). Tetragonal system (b). Monoclinic system (c). Triclinic system (d). Cubic system
(16). If an element is found in more than one crystalline forms, this phenomenon is called. (LHR,2008)
(a). Isotropy (b). Anisotropy (c). Allotropy (d). Isomorphism.
(17). Amorphous solids: (MUL,2008)(2009)
(a). Arranged (b). Ordered (c). Shaped (d). Shapeless.
(18). Which statement is incorrect about tetragonal crystal system: (BWP,2008)
(a). a = b = c (b). a = b ≠ c (c). α = β = γ = 900 (d). a ≠ b ≠ c
(19). The substance which shows isotropic behaviour in electrical conductivity: (FSD,2008)
(a). Diamond (b). Graphite (c). KCl (d). Ice
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(20). When 10% urea is present in NaCl solution then NaCl crystals becomes: (DGK,2008)
(a). rod like (b). sphere like (c). needle like (d). egg like
(21). How many allotropic form are present in carbon: (GRW, 2009)
(a). Two (b). Three (c). Four (d). Five
(22). Transition temperature of tin is: (LHR,2009)(FSD,2011)
(a). 95.50C (b). 13.20C (c). 00C (d). 128.50C
(23). K2SO4 and K2CrO4 are isomorphic solids and exist in: (SGD,2010)
(a). Cubic form (b). Orthorhombic (c). Trigonal form (d). Tetragonal
(24). Which one is not an isomorphs pair? (FSD,2010)
(a). NaNO3, CaCO3 (b). NaF, MgO (c). K2SO4,K2Cr2O7 (d). Zn, Cd
(25). Structure of CrO42 – is: (LHR,2010)
(a). Tetrahedral (b). Octahedral (c). Cubic (d). Triclinic
(26). The transition temperature of KNO 3 is: (SGD,2010)(SWL,2017)
(a).13.20C (b). 95.50C (c). 1280C (d). 32.020C
(27). If a≠b≠c and = γ = 90 β≠90 then the crystal system is:
0 0
(DGK,2014)
(a).monoclinic (b). diclinic (c). triclinic (d). polyclinic
(28). Which is not pseudo solid? (BWP,2015)
(a). glass (b).rubber (c). plastic (d). protein
(29). is pseudo solid. (MUL,2017)
(a). CaF2 (b).Glass (c). NaCl (d). KCl

SHORT QUESTIONS SOLIDS

(1). What do you understand by the habit of crystal? (Rawalpindi,2004)(GRW,2009)
(2). NaNO3 and CaCO3 are isomorphs of each other, why? (Bhawalpur,2004)
Or Ionic crystals showing isomorphism mostly have the same atomic ratio. Justify (Lahore,2008)
(3). Explain cubic system in detail. (D. G Khan,2005)(2006)
(4). Define polymorphism and isomorphism. Give one example of each. (GRW,2005ns) (2009)(MUL,2008)(GRW,2009)
Or Define isomorphism with two examples. (LHR,2011)(GRW,2011s)(BWP,2016)
Or Define isomorphism with one example. (GRW,2018)
(5). Define unit cell. (DGK, 2006)(MUl,2008)
Or Draw shape of unit cell mentioning angles and axes. (DGK,2010)
Or Describe crystallographic elements. (FSD,2011)(DGK,2014)
Or What are crystallographic elements? (GRW,2014)
Or Define unit cell with example. (SWL,2014)
(6). Why cleavage of crystals is itself anisotropic behaviour? (GRW,2007)(2010)(DGK,2010)(GRW,2012)(BWP,2014)
Or Explain cleavage of the crystals and cleavage plane. (RWP,2011)(LHR,2014)
Or What do you mean by cleavage and cleavage planes? (MUL,2015)
Or How cleavage plane of the crystal is itself anisotropic behaviour? (MUL,2016)
Or Define cleavage plane and anisotropy. (GRW,2017s)
Or Cleavage of crystals is an anisotropic behaviour. Give the reason. (GRW,2018)
(7). Define amorphous solid. Give example. (DGK,2008)
Or Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous solids. Give one example in each case.
(GRW,2009s)(SGD,2011)(LHR,2014)
Or What are Pseudo Solids(Amorphous Solids)? (BWP,2016)
(8). Isomorphs have different properties but they have the same geometry. Explain why? (GRW,2008s)
(9). Define crystal lattice with example. (BWP,2009)
(10). Define crystal and crystallites. (BWP,2009)
Or Define crystalline solid and crystallites. (LHR,2017)
(11). What do you mean by symmetry? Give elements of symmetry. (SGD,2009)
(12). Define allotropy. Give two allotropic forms of carbon. (BWP,2010)
Or Define allotropy with an example. (DGK,2014)
(13). Differentiate between Isotropy and Anisotropy. (FSD,2011)
(14). Define Transition temperature. Give two examples. (FSD,2011)(RWP,2011)(DGK,2012)(SWL,2015)(DGK,2017)
Or Define transition temperature with an example. (LHR,2014)
Or Transition temperature is shown by elements having allotropic forms and the compounds showing polymorphism. Justify
it. (RWP,2014)
Or Transition temperature is the term used for element as well as compounds. Explain (LHR,2015)
Or Transition temperature is exhibited by both elements and compounds. Explain (GRW,2015)
(15). Amorphous solids like glass is also called Super Cooled Liquid. Explain (BWP,2013)(SGD,2017)
(16). Define crystal lattice and unit cell. (GRW,2014)
(17). Define (a)anisotropy (b)polymorphism (FSD,2014)
(18). Give angles and length of axes of monoclinic system. (DGK,2014)
(19). Define the following with examples: a. Isomorphism b. Transition temperature (FD,2014)
(20). What is the relationship between polymorphism and allotropy? (LHR,2015)
(21). What is isomorphism? Give an example. (LHR,2015)
Or Define isomorphism with suitable example. (GRW,2017)
(22). One of the unit cell angles of hexagonal crystal is 1200. (BWP,2015)
(23). Why sodium chloride and caesium chloride have different structure. (FSD,2015)
(16). Define anisotropy. (BWP,2016)(BWL,2017)
Or Define anisotropy and give one example. (SGD,2016)
(17). Explain tetragonal system showing angles, phases and give two examples. (SGD,2016)
(18). Explain the term Habit of Crystal. (MUL,2016)
(19). Define polymorphism. Give one example. (BWP,2017)(GRW,2017s)
(20). Define cleavage plane and anisotropy. (GRW,2017s)
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(21). Define symmetry and habit of crystal. (GRW,2018)

LONG QUESTIONS SOLIDS

Q.No.1(a) (i). What is the basis for classification of solids? (1½ ) (MZD,2004)
(ii) Name any three crystal systems. (1½ ) (MZD,2004)
(a). Explain the phenomenon of isomorphism in detail. (3)(DGK,2005)
Q.No.2(a)(i). Define cleavage, polymorphism and habit of crystals. (3) (LHR,2005op)
(b) Draw the diagram of a cubic, monoclinic and hexagonal system. (3) (LHR,2005op)
Q.No.3(a) Explain the following:- (i). Isomorphism (ii). Polymorphism (4) (SGD,2005)(GRW,2006s)
Or Differentiate between isomorphism and polymorphism with suitable example. (4)(FSD,2015)
(b) Explain the following: (i).Isomorphism (ii)Anisotropy (iii)Allotropy (3)(MZD,2006)
Q.No.4 (a) Define the following properties of crystalline solids, giving on example of each: (3) (GRW,2008)
(i) Polymorphism (ii). Anisotropy (iii). Symmetry
(b) Define crystalline solids. Explain following properties of crystalline solids: (5)(LHR,2008)
(i). Anisotropy (ii). Symmetry (iii). Isomorphism (iv). Polymorphism
Or Describe briefly five properties of crystalline solids giving one example in each case. (5)(GRW,2008s)
Q.No.5(b). Define unit cell. Give dimensions and draw the shapes of the unit cells of hexagonal and tetragonal systems.
(5)(MUL,2008o.p)(GRW,2009)
(b). Define the following terms with example: (4)(DGK,2012)(LHR,2014)
(i) Isomorphism (ii) Anisotropy (iii) Allotropy (iv) Transition temperature
Q.No.6(b). Explain seven crystal systems with angles and edges. (4)(DGK,2014)

04 CHAPTER

PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLIDS METALLIC SOLIDS DETERMINATION OF AVOGADRO’S NUMBER

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS SOLIDS

(1). Which of the given theories is not used to explain the properties of metallic bond:(FSD,2004)
(a). Electron gas theory (b). Valence bond theory
(c). Molecular orbital theory (d). Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory
(2). Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity since: (FSD,2005np)
(a). There are no electrons. (b). There are no ions.
(c). Covalent bond is present. (d). There is no velocity of ions.
(3). Molecular crystals are generally: (DGK,2006)
(a). Hard (b). Relatively soft (c). Unstable (d). Do not exist
(4). The number of Na+ ions which surround each Cl – ion in the NaCl crystal is: (MUL,2007)
(a). 4 (b). 8 (c). 12 (d). 6
Or Coordination number of Na+ ion in NaCl is: (LHR,2008)
(a). One (b). Two (c). Four (d). Six
(5). Crystals formed due to London forces of interaction are: (GRW,2008)
(a). Ionic (b). Covalent (c). Molecular (d). Metallic.
(6). The crystal of diamond is: (LHR,2009)(SGD,2011) (LHR,2014)
(a). Ionic (b). Covalent (c). Molecular (d). Metallic.
(7). LiF is a crystalline substance and has: (RWP,2010)
(a). ionic crystals (b). metallic crystals (c). covalent crystals (d). molecular crystals
(8). Molecules of CO2 in dry ice form the: (RWP,2010)
(a). ionic crystal (b). covalent crystals (c). metallic crystals (d). none of these crystals
Or The molecules of CO2 in dry ice for the: (GRW,2013)
(a). ionic crystals (b). covalent crystals (c). molecular crystals (d). any type of crystals
Or Dry ice(solid CO2) is an example of solid: (LHR,2014)
(a). covalent (b). molecular (c).ionic (d).metallic
(9). Ionic solids are characterized by: (GRW,2012s)(GRW,2018)
(a). high vapour pressure (b). low melting point (c). soluble in polar solvent (d). good conductor in solid state
(10). Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity because: (GRW,2013)
(a). it has a tight structure (b). it has a high density
(c). there is no free electron present in the crystal of diamond to conduct electricity (d). it is transparent to light
(11). Iodine is a: (BWP,2016)
(a). Ionic solid (b). Metallic solid (c). Covalent solid (d). Molecular solid
(12). Ionic solids are characterized by (FSD,2014)
(a). low melting point (b). good conductivity in solid (c). high vapour pressure (d). solubility in the polar solvent
(13). The highest value of lattice energy which one of these ionic compound has: (FSD,2016)
(a). NaI (b). NaF (c). NaBr (d). NaCℓ
(14). Crystal of diamond is (SGD,2017)
(a). ionic (b). covalent (c). molecular (d). metallic

SHORT QUESTIONS SOLIDS

(1). Give reason for the fact: Covalent crystals are very hard but molecular crystals are very soft. (LHR,2002)
Or Molecular solids are soft and easily compressible. Why? (LHR,2002)(BWP,2008)(DGK,2009)
Sheikh Shahbaz Ali, Govt. Postgraduate College(f/b)Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(2). Why the ionic crystalline solids have high melting points? (BWP,2004)(FSD,2008)(DGK,2009)
(3). Why ionic crystals don’t conduct electricity in the solid state? (DGK,2005)(2006np)(LHR,2008)(2014)(BWP,2014)
Or Why ionic crystals in solid state don’t show electrical conductivity? (BWP,2007s)(FSD,2013)
Or ionic solids are insulators in solid state but become conductor when dissolved in water. Explain. (FSD,2011)
Or Why ionic solids do not conduct electricity? (SWL,2017)
Or Ionic crystals are able to conduct electricity in molten state or solution form. Explain (DGK,2017)
(4). The amount of lattice energy of an ionic compound depends of the charge densities of the ions? (RWP,2007)
Or Define Lattice Energy. Give example. (LHR,2008)(GRW,2018)
Or Define lattice energy and on what factors its depends? (LHR,2014)
(5). Sodium metal is softer than copper but both are very good electrical conductors. Explain why?
(GRW,2008)(LHR,2013)(SGD,2014)(FSD,2017)
(6). Why ionic crystals are highly brittle. (GRW,2008)(2009)(LHR,2014)(SGD,2014)(BWP,2014)(MUL,2016)(GRW,2017)
(7). Diamond is hard and electrical insulator. Why?(LHR,2008)(GRW,2009)(SGD,2010)(2011)(2012s)(2013)(2014)
(8). What is co – ordination number of Na+ in NaCl crystal? Explain (GRW,2008)
(9). In the closest packing of atoms of metals, only 74% space is occupied. (LHR,2008s)
Or Why in closest packing of atoms of metals, only 74% space is occupied? (GRW,2017s)
(10). Metallic crystals are good conductor of electricity. Explain. (MUL,2009)(GRW,2009)
(11). The electrical conductivity of metals decreases by increasing temperature. Explain with reason.(SGD,2010)(LHR,2013)
(12). What is dry ice? Mention the type of solid to which it belongs. (BWP,2010)
(13). State Electron Pool Theory. (FSD,2011)
Or Give main points of electron pool theory of metallic bonding. (GRW,2013)
Or Explain electron gas theory for metallic bond. (GRW,2018)
(14). Sodium is a good conductor of electricity but NaCl(s) is not. Give reason. (LHR,2011)(SGD,2011)
(15). Metals are malleable and ductile. Justify (FSD,2011)
Or Why metals are malleable and ductile? (RWP,2014)
(16). Write two properties of covalent crystals. (GRW,2011)
Or Give four properties of covalent solids. (SGD,2016)
(17). Why sodium chloride and caesium chloride have different structures? (AJK,2012)(FSD,2017)
(18). Why freshly cut metal has a shinny surface? (FSD,2013)
(19). Give four properties of ionic solid. (LHR,2014) (BWP,2016)
(20). The electrical conductivity of metals decrease with the increase in the temperature. Why? (GRW,2014)(DGK,2014)
(21). Justify that diamond is hard and an electrical insulator. (FSD,2014)(GRW,2015)
Or Justify that diamond is non – conductor of electricity. (SGD,2015)
(22). Iodine dissolves readily in tetrachlorochloromethane. Give reason. (SGD,2014)(SWL,2017)
(23). Covalent solids are of two types. Explain (BWP,2015)
(24). Give four properties of molecular solids. (DGK,2016)
(25). Graphite is good conductor of electricity but diamond is bad conductor of electricity. Give reason.(GRW,2018)

LONG QUESTIONS SOLIDS

Q.No.1(a). Describe molecular solids in detail. (4)(LHR,2003)
Or What are molecular solids? Give their properties. (5)(LHR,2008)(2009)
Or What are molecular solids? Give their three properties. (4)(RWP,2010)
Or What are molecular solids? Give examples and explain properties. (4)(LHR,2014)
Or What are molecular solids? Give their characteristics. (4)(SGD,2017)
(b) Write down the properties of metallic crystals. (4) (LHR,2004ns)(2005)
Q.No.2(a) Explain the structure of diamond with the help of diagram. (4) (SGD,2005np)
Or What are covalent solids? Discuss the structure of diamond. (4)(DGK,2010)
(b) Give classification of solids on the basis of chemical bond and give characteristics of ionic compounds.(4)(LHR,2006)
(b) Explain the following: (i).Isomorphism (ii)Anisotropy (iii)Allotropy (3)(MZD,2006 )
Q.No.3(a) What are ionic solids? Discuss the four properties of the ionic solids. (4)(MZD,2007)(LHR,2013)(FSD,2014)
Or Elucidate the term ionic solids. Write down three properties of ionic solids. (4)(LHR,2017)
(b) Give various types of crystalline solids depending upon the type of bonds present in them. Explain properties in detail of
any one type of crystalline solid. (BWP,2007s)
Or Classify solids on the basis of bonding. How ionic solids are formed? Give two properties of ionic solids.(4)(LHR,2012)
Q.No.4(a) Define metallic bond. How does Electron Sea Theory justifies electrical conductivity and shinning surfaces of
metals? (1+4)(MUL,2008)
(b) Briefly explain covalent solids. Write their four properties. (4)(SGD,2010)(DGK,2016)
Or Define covalent solid with one example. Write down three properties of covalent solid. (4)(GRW,2017)
Or Write any four properties of covalent solids. (4)(FSD,2017)

Q.No.5(a) Explain with the help of diagram: (BWP,2010)

(i) Cubic close packing in the structure of metals (ii) Hexagonal close packing in the structure of metals.
(b). Explain the electron gas theory of metals and discuss the conductivity of metals. (3+1)(FSD,2011)

Q.No.6(a). Give different theories of metallic bond. (4)(GRW,2012s)

(b). What are molecular solids? Give the structure of iodine. (4)(GRW,2014)
Q.No.7(a). What are molecular solids? Give their properties. Justify that molecular crystals are softer than ionic solids.
(4)(SGD,2014)
(b). What are ionic solids? Give their properties. (4)(MUL,2014)(2015)(BWP,2014)(SWL,2015)
Or What are ionic solids? Write six properties of ionic solids. (4)(MUL,2017)
Or Give properties of ionic solids. (4)(DGK,2017)(GRW,2018)
Q.No.8(a). What are covalent solids? Describe types of covalent solids and explain properties of covalent solids.(only four
properties) (4)(LHR,2017)
(b). Write four properties of metallic crystals. (4)(SWL,2017)
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI Assistant Professor Govt. Postgraduate College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.