Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
Vector Function and Motion
Vector Function and Motion :-
The most important vector function is the radius vector
Where ̅ (t):- is the position vector from the origion to the point P[x(t),y(t),z(t)].
That gives the position at time of a particle moving through space.
The Derivative of a Vector Function :-
If are functions of variable ,
Is a vector function of , ̅ (t) may be position vector of a moving body.
̅
And ̅̀
Is called the derivative of ̅ with respect to
̅
Example:- Find at if ̅̀
Solution:-
̅̀
t) k
( )
Example:- ̅ , is the position vector of the
projectile, find the velocity vector of projectile.
Solution:-
̅ ̅ = velocity vector of projectile
̅ –
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Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
Position , Velocity, Speed ,and Acceleration:-
If ,is the position vector of a body in space,
Definition :- Position
Velocity ̅
Speed | ̅|
̅
Direction
| ̅|
Acceleration
Example:- If ̅ (t) = (3cos t)I+(3 sin t)j + k, is the position vector , find the speed and
direction when t=2. At what times, if any , are the body's velocity and acceleration
orthagonal?
Solution:- We have
When
Speed : | ̅ | =√ =5
̅
Direction: |̅ |
=
When ̅ and ̅ are Orthagonal , , ̅ . ̅ =0
Derivatives of Dot products and cross product:-
If ̅(t) and ̅ (t) are differentiable vector function ,then the product ̅. ̅ and ̅X ̅ are as
follows:-
̅ ̅
( ̅. ̅ )= ̅ ̅
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Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
̅ ̅
And ̅ ̅ ̅ ̅
[First ̅ then ̅ at the left &right other wise the signs will be wrong]
Derivative of Vectors of Constant Length:-
If ̅ is a differentiable function of t whose length is constant then
̅ . ̅ = | ̅ | | ̅ | cos 0 = | ̅ | 2 = constant
By differentiatation both side
̅ ̅ ̅ ̅
̅. + . ̅ =0 ̅ .. ̅.
The derivative of a vector of constant length is always a vector orthogonal to it.
Example:- Show that
Has a constant length and is orthogonal to its derivative.
Solution:- We have
| ̅ | = =2
̀̅ –
̅ ̅ –
Example:- The acceleration of a particle in the plane is
Find the particle's position as a function of t if ̅ ̅ .
Solution:- We integrate the acceleration twice , applying the initial conditions to
determine the constants of integration as we go along. The first integration gives:-
̅
–
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Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
Where is a vector, the condition ̅ ̅
Hence, ̅ ̅
Second integration gives
The condition is gives
The particle's position vector is therefore
Directed Distance a long Curve:-
The curve , is the curve traced by the tip of Vector ).
We choose a base point on the Curve , the length of the curve is defined as a limit of
∑√ *
∑√ *
Where , is natural parameter for describing a moving body's velocity and acceleration.
S=∫ √
Where , is a directed distance , Which it is the natural parameter for studing a curve's
geometry.
Since | ̅ | √ = =speed
Where | ̅ | is the velocity Vector
S=∫ | ̅ | = directed distance along curve from
Example:- Find the length of one turn of the helix
Solution:- First graph the curve
When ̅
Initial point , since and have period 2 ,the helix makes one Full turn as t
runs from 0 to 2
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Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
S =∫ | ̅ | ∫ √ dt
=∫ =2
Example:- Show that if ̅ is a unit vector,then the directed distance
Along the line , ,
From the base point , ) to the point
is .
Solution:- The vector equation for the line is ̅
̅
Hence , ̅ (t)= ̅= unit vector
| ̅ | | ̅|
The distance from to is
S=∫ | ̅|
The Unit Tangent Vector T:-
Suppose that the position vector
gives the directed distance along the curve traced by the tip of (t), measured from
some preselected base point p( ).
Since is required to be nonzero = (speed)=| |
And the derivative of inverse function is ⁄ | |
, and
This make a differentiable function of , Whose derivative can be calculated from the
Chain Rule to be
= =| |
| |
From this eq. we see that | | | |
Together, eqs. (4) & (5) say that ̅⁄ is a unit vector that points in the direction of . We
call ⁄ the unit tangent vector of the curve traced by the tip of and denote it by
DEFINITION:- Unit Tangent Vector
̅ ̅⁄
̅=
⁄ | |
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Mathematic II Vector Function and Motion 2nd Year
Example:- Find for the helix (t)=(
Solution:- =(-
| | =
= k
| |
Example:- Find for the plane curve ,t
Solution:-
| | =| | , =| |
Example:- Find ̅ for the counter clock wise motion around the unit circle.
Solution:- ̅
̅
̅ (t)= , | ̅| =1
̅= ̅ , so ̅ = ̅
| ̅|
