A

VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON
EHT DN. C.S.P.T.C.L. (Bhilai-3)

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai-3

In partial fulfilment of requirement
Submitted By
TUSHAR SAHU
D E- 5th Semester

Guided by
MR. J L SAHU (AE 220 KV S/S BHILAI -3)
MR. D M SAHU (AE 132 KV S/S BHILAI - 3)

SESSION: 2019-20
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
B.R.P. Government Polytechnic, Dhamtari (C.G.) -
493776
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
I the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report
VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT is based on my own work
carried out during the course of our study under the supervision of
MR. J L SAHU (AE 220 KV S/S BHILAI)
MR. D M SAHU (AE 132 KV S/S BHILAI)
I assert the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my
research work. I further certify that
I. The work contained in the report is original and has been done by me
under the general supervision of my supervisor.
II. The work has not been submitted to any other Institution for any other
degree/diploma/certificate in this university or any other University of
India or abroad.
III. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text)
from other sources.

Name TUSHAR SAHU

(Roll No.205402417059)
( Enrollment No. BD8669)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Industrial training has an important role in an engineering student life
exposing them to real situations of how an industry works. It was a great
experience for me to worki on training at Chhattisgarh State Power
Transmission Company Limited through which I could learn how to work in a
professional environment. Now. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the
people who guided me and have been a source of inspiration throughout the
period of my summer training. I am sincerely grateful to (Assistant Engineer) at
CSPTCL, Bhilai who gave me this great opportunity to undergo training at 220/
132 KV Substation Bhilai through which. i I am able to understand and grasp a
deep knowledge of how a substation works and about the various equipment's
and instruments used in the substation which made this i training actually
possible. I wish my deep sense of gratitude to Junior & Assistant Engineer's
whose affectionate guidance has enabled me to complete this training
successfully. During the period of 3 week of training at 220/132 KV Substation
Bhilai undertaking and a successor company of CSEB. Industrial training is an
important of engineering.
 Index
S no. Title Page no.
1. Abstract 1
2. Introduction 2
Single line diagram
3. Components of a Substations 3
 Power Transformer 4
 Current Transformer 5
 Voltage Transformer 6
 Insulator 7
 Earthen system 8
 Isolation 9
 Circuit breakers 10
 Relay 11
 Wave Trap or Line Trap 12
4. Conclusion 13
5. Bibliography 14
 ABSTRACT
Industrial training is an important part of an engineering student life. A
well l planned, properly executed industrial training helps a lot in developing ai
professional attitude. It develops a problem saving approach in industrial works,
based on a board understanding of process and mode of operation of
organization. During the period of 3 week of training at 220/132 KV Substation
Bhilai, most of the theoretical knowledge that has been gained during the course
of studies is put to test. The great effort have been put understand the
substations bus bar arrangement during this training. The substations of Bhilai
are divisions of CSPTCL, Bhilai, which is under Govt. of C.G. undertaking and
a successor company of CSEB.

In the substation of Bhilai the incoming supply of 400 KV comes from

the 11/400 KV generating substation of Korba, and different station. In
Khedamaral 400KV supply step-down to 220kV and transmit to 220/132KV
substation of Bhilai. We learned the process of how to connect 3-phase cable to
supply line and provide earth to it, also about the various equipment.
 INTRODUCTION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 Components of a Substation
 Power Transformer
 Current Transformer
 Voltage Transformer
 Insulator
 Earthen system
 Isolation
 Circuit breakers
 Relay
 Wave Trap or Line Trap

 Power Transformer
Transformer is a static machine, which transforms the potential of
alternating current at same frequency. It means the transformer transforms the
low voltage into high voltage & high voltage to low voltage at same frequency.
It works on the principle of static induction principle.
 Current Transformer
A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating
electric currents. When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly to
measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current
accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently
connected to measuring and recording instruments. A current transformer
isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high voltage in the
monitored circuit.
 Voltage Transformer
Voltage transformers (VT) (also called potential transformers (PT)) are a
parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and
protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. They are
designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and to have an
accurate voltage ratio to enable accurate metering. A potential transformer may
have several secondary windings on the same core as a primary winding, for use
in different metering or protection circuits. The name plate of one of the PT
used is shown below.
 Insulator
An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow
freely, and therefore make it very hard to conduct an electric current under the
influence of an electric field. The insulator serves two purposes. They support
the conductors (bus bar) and confine the current to the conductors. The most
common used material for the manufacture of insulator is porcelain. There are
several types of insulators and their use in substation will depend upon the
service requirement.
 Earthen system
LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
A lightning arrestor is a device used in power systems
& telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the
system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has
a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or
switching surge, which is very similar) travels along the power line to the
arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrestor, in most
cases to earth.
 Isolation
ISOLATERS
In electrical engineering, a disconnector, disconnect
switch or isolator switch is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is
completely de-energized for service or maintenance. Such switches
are often found in electrical distribution and industrial applications,
where machinery must have its source of driving power removed for
adjustment or repair. High-voltage isolation switches are used in
electrical substations to allow isolation of apparatus such as circuit
breakers, transformers, and transmission lines, for maintenance. The
disconnector is usually not intended for normal control of the circuit,
but only for safety isolation. Disconnector can be operated either
manually or automatically (motorized disconnector).
 Circuit breakers
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a
fault is detected.
 Relay
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or
electronically. Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing
contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is
normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized.
 Wave Trap or Line Trap
Wave trap is connected in series with power line between the point of
connection of coupling capacitor and S/S. Wave trap offers negligible
impedance to HF carrier. Wave trap stands electromechanically and thermally
for short circuit current in the event of fault on the line. On the basis of blocking
frequency bank.
 CONCLUSION
Now from this report one can conclude that electricity plays an important
role in our life. At the end of the training, I came to know about the various
parts of substations and how they are operated. Also I learnt about how
transmission is done in various parts of Chhattisgarh.

As evident from the report, a substation plays a very important role in the
transmission system. That’s why various protective measures are taken to
protect the substations from various faults and its smooth functioning.
Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Ltd. takes such steps so
that a uniform and stable supply of electricity can reach in every part of this
state.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Energy efficiency in electrical utilities, Guide book for National certification
examination for energy managers and energy auditors, Bureau of energy
efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, 2003.
2. General aspect of energy management and energy audit, Guide book for
National certification examination for energy managers and energy auditors,
Bureau of energy efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, 2003.
3. www.wikepedia.com
4. www.slideshare.com
5. www.electrical-installation.org
6. www.home-energy-metering.com
7. www.enspecpower.com
8. www.allaboutcircuits.com