MANGO SAP AND JACKFRUIT SAP
AS GLUE ON SHOES
Author: Mary Limpiada
INTRODUCTION. Jackfruit (ArtocarpusHeterophyllus) an indigenous fruit tree is widely distributed
throughout many tropical countries, including PHILIPPINES both cultivated and wild. This fruit contains a sap
which has a component that is identical to the white wood glue called latex. With this, we are encourage to
use this as an additive in making a glue for we know that the sap is extremely sticky and therefore also
utilized as an effective adhesive. On the importance of glue, the function and value of this sticky stuff plays a
very important role in the school. The glue sticks things to other things or something is stuck to other things
especially in bonding thin materials, through this, the object will likely to stay together and will not fall off
and get lost. Mango( mangiferaindica)Contact with oils in mango leaves, stems, sap, and skin can cause
dermatitis and anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals. It contains mangiferen, resinous acid, mangiferic acid,
and the resinol called mangiferol.
OBJECTIVES.
This product is also to form a new product that is affordable but as effective as commercial glue on
shoes in adjusting the shoes.
Although commercial glue shoes can be bought at any local market, these product are expensive ,
release harmful gases to atmosphere that contribute to global warming may cause harmful effects
to our body any may pose treat to the health of the consumers of these plants.
HYPOTHESIS.
Not harmful to our environment.
Cheaper than the commercial glue on shoes.
Safer than the commercial glue on shoes.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Correlational
MATERIALS & METHODS. Sap of mango can be extraxted from sap of jackfruit. submerging sap of
mango in one small cup and mixture of 2 sup of sap of jackfruit within a duration of 1 day will dispense the
sap mango into sap of jackfruit hence creating an glue on shoe.
DISCUSSION. As we improvised the crown bond with the use of jackfruit sap and mango sap asglue on
shoe, there are many changes happened to thecrown bond . One of which is the color of the glue, the crown
band is colortransparent white , and then after the experiment the color of the glue turned into dirty-white.
Another is the stickiness, the improvised glue is stickier than the crown band . This simply means that there
are many changes had happened after the experiment.
CONCLUSION. Based from attained result of the research study the fooling conclusions can be made:
The organic glue on shoe is effective in rapairing shoes compaired a commercial glue the sap mango and
jackfruit as civil glue on shoes fared great in eradicating them. It is as powerful as commercial glue such as
ragbi but is much more affordable. It is a capable as ragbi in eradicating sap of mango and jackfruit. This shoe
glue is nost cost large amounts and it also give you a good effects to your body . It is cheaper and affordable
and mostly it is easy to make.
PRODUCTION OF CASSAVA STARCH-BASED ADHESIVE
Author: Jackson Akpa
INTRODUCTION. Adhesives are substances that are able to make things adhere or stick together
without deformation or failure through a process called adhesion (Baumann and Conner, 2003).
Adhesives are categorized as either natural or synthetic. Natural adhesives include animal glues, casein
glues, natural gums and resins, sodium silicates and vegetable glues. Vegetables glues are starch-based
and are made from starches and dextrin (Kennedy, 1989). Starch has several advantages as a raw
material in the production of adhesives, including: renewability, biodegradability, abundance, cheapness
and stability in price (Agboola, et. al., 1990) and can also be used to produce such diverse products as food,
paper, textiles, beverages, confectionery, pharmaceuticals, and building materials (FAO, 1983). Starch is
produced from grain or root crops such as sweet potatoes, maize, wheat, rice, yam or cassava. The
advantages of cassava for starch production over other grains or root crop includes: high purity level,
excellent thickening characteristics, a neutral (bland) taste, desirable textural characteristics, is relatively
cheap and it contains a high concentration of starch (dry-matter basis), (Masamba et. al., 2001). Cassava
starch has many remarkable characteristics, including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity and high
freeze-thaw stability which are advantageous to many industries. Cassava is a renewable, an almost
unlimited resource and one of the most abundant substances in nature.
OBJECTIVES
Make adhesives affordable to many people.
Encourages people to use eco-friendly adhesives.
HYPOTHESIS.
Cheaper and safer than the commercial adhesives.
Will not harm our environment.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Correlational
MATERIALS & METHODS. The adhesive was prepared following the procedure presented in Figure 2.
Measured quantity of prepared dried starch was put into a beaker; known volume of 0.01 molar
concentration of HCL (gelatinization enhancer) was added and stirred continuously while heating in a
heating mantle maintained at a specified temperature. Known mass (concentration) of a viscosity
enhancer (Borax) was added in piecemeal and stirred continuously until mixture becomes sticky. Product
was allowed to cool.
Dried cassava starch, Add Gelatinization, Enhancer (NaOH/HCL), Stir Continuously, Heat in a heating mantle
at desired temperature, Add Viscosity Enhancer (Borax), Stir continuously until mixture becomes sticky,
Allow product (Adhesive) to cool.
DISCUSSION. The viscosity of a liquid, gas or fluid is its resistance to flow; as the temperature of the
liquid, gas or fluid increases, it become lighter and flows easier; that is its resistance to flow is reduced,
hence the viscosities are expected to decrease with temperature. Similar results were obtained in the
works of Bascom and Cottington. The density of the adhesive is its mass per unit volume. Increasing
the temperature at which the adhesive is produced causes the adhesive to swell, resulting in an
increase in the volume of the adhesive, it also causes a reduction in the water content, resulting in a
reduction in mass Hence the influence of temperature on the density of the adhesive is a balance
between these two dynamics. The temperature at which the adhesive is produced has a marginal effect
on the pH of the adhesive produced. At high concentrations, 0.4g and 0.5g borax, the pH of the
adhesive produced is virtually constant with increase in temperature. At lower concentrations, 0.2 and
0.3, there is a gradual reduction in the pH with increase in temperature.
CONCLUSIONS. An alternative use of cassava starch has been successfully achieved through its use
in the production of an adhesive. Possible improvements of the properties of the adhesives produced have
been presented by studying the effects of the temperature, mass (concentration) of borax and the
gelatinization modifier (HCL or NaOH) used in the production process on the viscosity, density and pH of
adhesive. The effect of the gelatinization modifier (HCL and NaOH) on the drying time and bond strength
of the adhesive was also investigated. These results provide a wide range of conditions for producing starch-
based adhesives for diverse applications depending on the required properties and industrial applications.
Artocarpus Heterophyllus as a Main Component of
Homemade Glue
Author: Paulo Belen, Angelo Clet, John Go, Chester Santos
INTRODUCTION. Jackfruit (ArtocarpusHeterophyllus) an indigenous fruit tree is widely distributed
throughout many tropical countries, including PHILIPPINES both cultivated and wild. This fruit contains a sap
which has a component that is identical to the white wood glue called latex. With this, we are encourage to
use this as an additive in making a glue for we know that the sap is extremely sticky and therefore also
utilized as an effective adhesive. The component of the sap of the glue contains some chemicals that are
suitable for good quality homemade glue. It has component that is the same as the white glue that we used
to buy in the market or school supplies store
OBJECTIVES.
To be able to make an almost chemical free homemade glue.
To provide an alternative organic component for a homemade glue.
HYPOTHESIS.
The extracted sap of the jackfruit will be effective as a main component of our homemade glue.
The extracted sap of the jackfruit is not effective as a main component of homemade glue.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Correlational
MATERIALS & METHODS.
Jackfruit extract - 3 tablespoon
Flour - 1 cup
Water - 1 ½ cup
Sugar - 1/3 cup
Vinegar - 1 teaspoon
1. In a saucepan mix 1 cup of flour with 1/3 cup of sugar.
2. Add half of the water required and mix into a thick paste without clumps.
3. Pour in the rest of the water and combine till the paste is smooth.
4. Add three tablespoon of jackfruit extract into the mixture.
5. Pour one teaspoon of vinegar and put on medium heat until the mixture starts to thicken.
6. Cool and transfer to jar or an airtight plastic container.
DISCUSSION. One of the problems that we encountered after we had finished the experiment was the
unpleasant odour coming from our home made glue. It smells like rotten jackfruit. Another was the
presentation of the glue was not so well. There are over cooked part of our glue and it is not actually
coloured white. For me, it is quite “dirty white.” But if we are talking about the effectiveness of the glue, we
are satisfied with the results that we got.
CONCLUSIONS. Based on the results that we got after the experiment that took almost two weeks,
we found that the extracted sap of Artocarpus Heterophyllus is quite effective as an alternative
component for our home made glue. It reached the standard level of stickiness for normal white
glue that we used to buy in the market or school supplies store.
Making Glue out of Lanzones Sap
Author: William
INTRODUCTION. Nowadays people usually eat fruits like lanzones. Lanzones is very delicious and aside from
that it is very nutritious. And lanzones is one of the most popular fruit in the country. But we noticed that after
we eat lanzones we will just throw the skin in the garbage and sometimes we will see it in the market near the
streets, that make our environment dirty.
So this is the purpose that we conduct this study to help recycling the skin of lanzones by making glue out from
its sap. Because the sap of the skin of lanzones is extremely sticky that can be a good characteristic of a glue.
And aside from that, we can keep our environment clean and we can help also those students who used glue.
Because commercial glue nowadays become more expensive and they cannot afford it. So this are the purpose
that we conduct this study.
OBJECTIVES.
To provide an eco-friendly alternative for glue.
To make lanzones sap as glue.
HYPOTHESIS.
There is a possibility that lanzones sap be made as glue.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Correlational
MATERIALS & METHODS.
PROCEDURE:
1. Materials were gathered.
2. Fresh lanzones fuits were peeled.
3. The sap were collected and were measured.
4. The glue was applied to paper.
DISCUSSION. During the experiment, I prepare and set the materials and steps needed to perform the
experiment properly.I get lanzones peels and extract it. After getting the sap I put it in a bottle and applied it
into paper.
CONCLUSION. I therefore conclude that the Lanzones Sap can be made into Glue.
Preparation and Optimization of Natural Glues Based on
Laricio Pine Resin
Author: P De Luca, B Roberto, D Vuono, C Siciliano and J B Nagy
INTRODUCTION. There are many polluting substances harmful to health in domestic or productive
environments. The symptoms are known as SBS Sick Building Syndrome. The sick building syndrome has
been recognized as a real disease by the WHO (World Health Organization) since 1983. In order to create a
home that is as compatible as possible with the environment and human health, future technology will have
to take into consideration many aspects such as using innovative materials and adopting effective policies
for their easy recovery and disposal. The materials suitable for green building can be multi-functional ones,
i.e. those which have new ones thanks to the combination with other materials capable of degrading or
adsorbing pollutants from the environment in addition to their traditional functions. It is believed that the
pollutants due to the SBS originate essentially from acute and prolonged exposure to chemical and biological
substances such as those contained in glues, paints, adhesives. Dangers deriving from solvents and volatile
compounds (VOC) in the latter are, in fact, hidden.
OBJECTIVES.
To provide non-pollutant glues.
To provide a glue that is easy to dispose.
HYPOTHESIS.
The extracted sap that will be made into a glue will be non-pollutant unlike commercial glues.
The extracted sap of the Laricio Pine Resin will be effective as a main component of our homemade
glue.
RESEARCH DESIGN. Correlational
MATERIALS & METHODS.
Identification of the most suitable solvent;
Identification of the most suitable filler;
Characterization of the best mixtures.
DISCUSSION. The results obtained from preliminary tests and the observation of the mixtures, regarding
the use of the optimal solvent, made it able to discard the petroleum ether a priori, since the mixture
returned solid and of inconsistent appearance, once it evaporated. In the following phase, the action of the
other two selected solvents, chloroform and ethyl alcohol, was evaluated and compared. Consequently,
mixtures of resin were added with the addition of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 6% in weight of nanotubes in the absence
of solvent and in the presence of ethyl alcohol or chloroform. In this preliminary phase, we opted for the
choice of operating mixtures of carbon nanotubes as well as representative of the other fillers.
CONCLUSION. Our choice was a natural and easily sourced material in nature that is the resin of the
laricio pine. Research for a suitable solvent had double values, that is, to get free from high temperature
preparation treatments and then to maximize dispersion of the fillers in the resin matrix. The
characterization of the systems has led to the identification of ethyl alcohol as the most suitable solvent to
be used. The latter allowed us to obtain a very fluid composite mixture able to be easily applied on the
surfaces to be glued even at room temperature. Furthermore, the choice of ethyl alcohol enabled us to add
another further element to the sustainability principle. Since evaporation of this solvent is tolerable towards
health, unlike chloroform and petroleum ether, which are also a subject of study. Best results found during
the cutting, tensile and flexural tests done on suitably prepared wood specimens were obtained with
mixtures containing pine resin in ethanol and using carbon nanotubes as fillers in percentages of 1-2%. The
cutting tests carried out, after thermal cycles at different temperatures, have brought to light that the
presence of carbon nanotubes makes the glue thermally more stable than glue prepared without carbon
nanotubes, thus suggesting a certain chemical interaction, not only to a mechanical matrix-fibre adhesion.
The nanotubes, in fact, offer that increase in adhesive capacity and chemical-physical stability that the resin
as it does not present and can be considered a good product with an acceptable sustainability, due to its
prevailing natural extraction. The glue preparation and production procedures are simple and highly
reproducible for eventual industrial production.
