PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1ST QUARTER PERFORMANCE TASK
STEM - D - IRON
GROUP 2
TITLE: CAIMITO SAP AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY ADHESIVE: INFUSING WITH
CITRUS EXTRACTS TO DEVELOP A NATURALLY SCENTED AND
EFFECTIVE GLUE
A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study explores the development of an eco-friendly adhesive using caimito (star apple)
sap infused with citrus extracts. Traditional adhesives often contain synthetic chemicals
and solvents that contribute to environmental harm and emit strong, pungent odors. By
using caimito sap, which has natural adhesive properties, combined with citrus extracts
for a pleasant scent, this study aims to provide a sustainable alternative that minimizes
ecological impact. The infusion of citrus not only masks the natural odor of the sap but
also introduces a fresh aroma, enhancing the product's appeal and usability. Ultimately,
this research seeks to create a biodegradable, naturally scented adhesive that could
reduce the demand for synthetic glue products, aligning with the global movement toward
environmentally responsible materials.
Research Questions:
1. How can the concentration and preparation methods of star apple sap be refined to
improve its adhesive strength and durability?
2. How does the performance of star apple sap-based adhesives compare with commercial
adhesives in terms of drying time and resilience across different surfaces?
3. To what extent is star apple sap adhesive effective on diverse materials such as plastics,
metals, and textiles, and how versatile is it in these applications?
4. What are the environmental and economic impacts of producing star apple sap adhesives
at a large scale, and is it feasible for widespread use as an eco-friendly alternative?
A. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
For Drying Time (H0): There is no significant difference in drying time between star apple
sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in drying time between star
apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.
For Resilience (H0): There is no significance difference in resilience across different
surfaces between star apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in resilience across
different surfaces between star apple sap-based adhesive and commercial adhesives.
B. RESEARCH DESIGN:
The research uses a true experimental design to rigorously evaluate the
effectiveness of Caimito sap infused with citrus extracts as a naturally scented adhesive.
This design is ideal because it allows for controlled manipulation of key variables, such as
sap concentration and citrus extract levels, enabling researchers to establish a clear
cause-and-effect relationship regarding the adhesive’s properties. By including random
assignment and control groups, the design minimizes biases and ensures that any
observed differences are due to the treatment itself, rather than external factors. This
structured approach enhances the reliability and replicability of the findings, providing solid
evidence of the adhesive's potential for practical applications
A. RESEARCH GAPS:
The current study aims to address several important research gaps identified in Star
Apple Sap as an alternative Glue. These gaps include:
1. Further Refinement and Testing: Limited studies have tested different
concentrations and preparation methods of star apple sap to improve adhesive
strength and durability (StudyMoose, 2023; MMSoFtek, 2023).
2. Comparison with Commercial Adhesives: There is insufficient comparison data
on the performance of star apple sap adhesives versus commercial products,
particularly regarding drying time and resilience across surfaces (MMSoFtek,
2023).
3. Application on Various Surfaces: Current research lacks exploration of star
apple sap adhesive on materials like plastics, metals, and textiles, limiting
knowledge of its versatility (StudyMoose, 2023).
4. Environmental and Economic Benefits: Few studies quantify the economic and
environmental impacts of producing star apple sap adhesives at scale, leaving the
feasibility of large-scale use unclear (MMSoFtek, 2023).
References:
StudyMoose. (2023). Star Apple Sap as a Substitute Glue Free Essay Example. Retrieved from
[https://www.studymoose.com](https://www.studymoose.com)
MMSoFtek. (2023). Star Apple Sap as a Substitute Glue Composition Essay. Retrieved from
[https://www.mmsoftek.com](https://www.mmsoftek.com)
RESEARCH PROCEDURES
1. Preparation of Materials
Caimito Sap Collection: Gather fresh caimito sap from healthy trees.
Citrus Extracts: Prepare extracts from citrus fruits (e.g., lemon, orange) through juicing or steam
distillation.
2. Formulation Development
Create different adhesive formulations using varying ratios of caimito sap and citrus extracts. For
example:
Formulation A: 100% caimito sap
Formulation B: 75% caimito sap, 25% citrus extract
Formulation C: 50% caimito sap, 50% citrus extract
Formulation D: 100% citrus extract (as a control)
3. Testing Adhesive Properties
Viscosity Measurement: Use a viscometer to measure the viscosity of each formulation.
Bonding Strength Tests: Apply each adhesive to standardized materials (e.g., paper, wood) and
perform shear strength tests by applying weight until failure occurs.
Longevity Assessment: Store samples under different conditions (humidity, temperature) and
periodically test their bonding strength over time.
4. Sensory Evaluation
Conduct sensory evaluations with participants to assess the aroma and texture of each
formulation.
Use surveys to gather feedback on preferences regarding scent and usability.
C. RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire aims to gather feedback on the sensory characteristics and overall
acceptability of adhesive solutions produced from caimito sap infused with citrus extracts. Your
responses will help assess the quality and effectiveness of these natural adhesives and their
potential as sustainable products. Thank you for your participation!
SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
1. Age: __________
2. Gender:
• Male
• Female
• Other
3. Location: __________
4. Occupation: __________
5. Location: ___________
6. Interest in Eco-friendly Products:
• Not interested
• Somewhat interested
• Very interested
SECTION 2: SENSORY EVALUATION
Please rate the following characteristics of the caimito sap adhesive infused with citrus extracts
on a scale of 1 to 4, where:
1 = Very poor
2 = Poor
3 = Average
4 = Good
A. Sample 1
Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good
1 2 3 4
A. Color
1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is
more appealing than the commercial glue.
2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
B. Odor
1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a
strong smell compared to commercial glue.
2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be
liked by children.
C. Adhesion
1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster
than the commercial glue.
2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer
than the commercial glue.
3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.
B. Sample 2
Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good
1 2 3 4
A. Color
1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is
more appealing than the commercial glue.
2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
B. Odor
1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a
strong smell compared to commercial glue.
2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be
liked by children.
C. Adhesion
1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster
than the commercial glue.
2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer
than the commercial glue.
3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.
C. Sample 3
Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good
1 2 3 4
A. Color
1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is
more appealing than the commercial glue.
2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
B. Odor
1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a
strong smell compared to commercial glue.
2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be
liked by children.
C. Adhesion
1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster
than the commercial glue.
2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer
than the commercial glue.
3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.
D. Sample 4
Questions Very Poor Poor Average Good
1 2 3 4
A. Color
1. The color of the Caimito sap glue is
more appealing than the commercial glue.
2. The color of the Caimito sap glue is fit
for sticking light colored papers.
3. The color of the Caimito sap glue does
not create any discoloration on the paper
B. Odor
1. The odor of the Caimito sap glue has a
strong smell compared to commercial glue.
2. The odor of the Caimito sap glue does
not irritate the user.
3. The odor of the Caimito sap glue can be
liked by children.
C. Adhesion
1. The Caimito sap glue separates faster
than the commercial glue.
2. The Caimito sap glue bond lasts longer
than the commercial glue.
3. The stickiness of the Caimito sap glue
can be easily washed by soap and water.
This study uses an adapted version of the questionnaire developed by Inato et al. (2019).
