1.

In a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger, oil is cooled from 85˚C to 55˚C by water
entering at 25˚C. The mass flow rate of oil is 9,800 kg/h and specific heat f oil is 2000 J/kg K.
The mass flow rate of water is 8,000 kg/h and specific heat of water is 4180 J/kg K. Determine
the heat exchanger area and heat transfer rate for an overall heat transfer co-efficient of 280
W/m2 K.

Given:

Hot fluid – oil, Cold fluid - water --------------------------

(T1, T2) (t1, t2) Water

--------------------------

Entry temperature of oil, T1 = 85˚C Oil

--------------------------

Exit temperature of oil T2 = 55˚C Water

--------------------------

Mass flow rate of oil (Hot fluid), mh = 9,800 kg/h

9,800
 kg / s
3600

mh = 2.72 kg/s

Specific heat of oil, Cph = 2000 J/kg K

Mass flow rate of water (cold fluid), mc = 8,000 kg/h

8,000
 kg / s
3600

mc = 2.22 kg/s

Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4180 J/kg K

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 280 W/ m2K

To find:

1. Heat exchanger area, (A)

2. Heat transfer rate, (Q)

Solution:

We know that,

Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (cold fluid)

Qh = Qc

 mh C ph T1  T2   mc C pc t 2  t1 
 2.72  200085  55  2.22  4180  t 2  t1 

 163.2  10 3  9279.6t 2  231.9  10 3 
 t 2  42.5  C

Exit temperature of water, t 2  42.5 C

Heat transfer,

Q  mc C pc t 2  t1 or mh C ph T1  T2 

 Q  2.22  4180  42.5  25
Q  162  10 3 W

We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  UAT m …….. (1)

Where

T m - Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference. (LMTD)

For Counter flow,

 T1  t 2   T2  t1 
T m 
T  t 
In  1 2 
 T2  t1 
T m 
85  42.5  55  25
 85  42.5 
In  
 55  25 
T m = 35. 8˚C

Substitute T m U and Q values in Equn (1)

(1)  Q  UAT m

 162  10 3  280  A  35.8

==> A = 16.16 m2

Result:

1. Heat exchanger area, A = 16.16 m2

2. Heat transfer, Q = 162  103 W

2. Water flows at the rate of 65 kg/min through a double pipe, counter flow heat exchanger.
Water is heated from 50˚C to 75˚C by oil flowing through the tube. The specific heat of the oil
is 1.780 kJ/kg K. The oil enters at 115˚C and leaves at 70˚C. The overall heat transfer co-
efficient is 340 W/m2K. Calculate the following

1. Heat exchanger area

2. Rate of heat transfer

Given:

Hot fluid – oil, Cold fluid - water

(T1, T2) (t1, t2)

Mass flow rate of oil (cold fluid), mc = 65 kg/min

65
 kg / s
60

mc = 1.08 kg/s
 Entry temperature of water, t1 = 50˚C

Exit temperature of water, t2 = 75˚C

Specific heat of oil (Hot fluid) Cph = 1.780 kJ/kg K

= 1.780  103 J/m2K

Entry temperature of oil, T1 = 115˚C

Exit temperature of oil, T2 = 70˚C

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 340 W/m2K

To find:

1. Heat exchanger area, (A)

2. Heat transfer rate, (Q)

Solution:

We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  mc C pc t 2  t1 or mh C ph T1  T2 

 Q  mh C pc T2  T1 
 Q  1.08  418675  50

 Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4186 J/kgK

We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  U  AT m …….(1)

Where

T m - Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference. (LMTD)

For Counter flow,

 T1  t 2   T2  t1 
T m 
T  t 
In  1 2 
 T2  t1 
 T m 
115  75  70  50
115  75 
In  
 70  50 
T m = 28. 8˚C

Substitute T m U and Q and U values in Equn (1)

(1)  Q  UAT m

113  10 3  340  A  28.8

==> A = 11.54 m2

Result:

1. Heat exchanger area, A = 11.54 m2

2. Heat transfer, Q = 113  103 W

3. In a counter flow single pass heat exchanger is used to cool the engine oil from 150˚C to
55˚C with water, available at 23˚C as the cooling medium. The specific heat of oil is 2125 J/kg
K. The flow rate of cooling water through the inner tube of 0.4 m diameter is 2.2 kg/s. The
flow rate of oil through the outer tube of 0.75 m diameter is 2.4 kg/s. If the value of the overall
heat transfer co-efficient is 240 W/m2 K, how long must the heat exchanger be to meet its
cooling requirement?

Given:

Hot fluid – oil, Cold fluid - water

(T1, T2) (t1, t2)

Entry temperature of oil, T1 = 150˚C

Exit temperature of oil, T2 = 55˚C

Entry temperature of water, T1 = 23˚C

Specific heat of oil (Hot fluid) Cph = 2125 kJ/kg K

 Inner diameter, D1 = 0.4 m

Flow rate of water (cooling fluid), mc = 2.2 kg/s

Outer diameter, D2= 0.75 m

Flow rate of oil (Hot fluid), mh = 2.4 kg/s

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 240 W/m2K

To find:

Length of the heat exchanger, L

Solution:

We know that,

Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (cold fluid)

 Qh  Qc
 mh C ph T1  T2   mc C pc t 2  t1 
 2.4  2125150  55  2.2  4186  t 2  23

[ Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4186 J/kgK]


 484.5  10 3  9209.2t 2  211  10 3 
Heat transfer, Q  mc C pc t 2  t1 or mh C ph T1  T2 

Q  2.2  4186  75.6  23

Q  484.4  10 3 W

We know that,

Heat transfer Q  UAT m …… (1)

Where

T m - Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference. (LMTD)

For Counter flow,

T1  t 2   T2  t1 
T m 
T  t 
In  1 2 
 T2  t1 
 T m 
150  75.6  55  23
150  75.6 
In 
 55  23 
T m = 50.2˚C

Substitute T m , U and Q values in Equn (1)

(1)  Q  UAT m

484.4  10 3  10 3  240  A  50.2

==> A = 40.20 m2
We know that,

Area, A =   D1  L

40.20 =   0.4  L

==> L = 31.9 m

Result:

Length of the heat exchanger, L = 31.9 m.

4. In an oil cooler for a lubrication system, oil is cooled from 70˚C to 40˚C by using a cooling
water flow at 25˚C. The mass flow rate of oil is 900 kg/h and the mass flow rate of water is 700
kg/h. Give your choice for a parallel flow or counter flow heat exchanger, with reasons. If the
overall heat transfers co-efficient is 20 W/m2K, find the area of the heat exchanger. Take
specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/ kg˚C.

Given:

Hot fluid – oil, (T1, T2) Cold fluid - water (t1, t2)

Entry temperature of oil, T1 = 70˚C

Exit temperature of oil, T2 = 40˚C

 Entry temperature of water, T1 = 25˚C

The mass flow rate of oil, mh  900kg / h

900
 kg / s
3600
 0.25kg / s

The mass flow rate of water, mc  700kg / h

700
 kg / s
3600
 0.197kg / s

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 20 W/m2K

Specific heat of oil, Cph = 2 kJ/kg˚C

= 2  103 J/kg˚C

To find:

1. Choice of heat exchanger (Whether parallel flow or counter flow)

2. Area of heat exchanger.

Solution:

We know that,

Heat lost by oil (Hot fluid) = Heat gained by water (Cold fluid)

 Qh  Qc
 mh C ph T1  T2   mc C pc t 2  t1 
 0.25  2  10 3 70  40  0.194  4186  t 2  25

[ Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4186 J/kg K]

15,000  812.08t 2  20,302.10

==> t2 = 43.47˚C
 Exit temperature of water, t2 = 43.47˚C > T2

Since t2 > T2, counter flow arrangement should be used.

We know that,

Heat transfer Q  UAT m …… (1)

For Counter flow,

T1  t 2   T2  t1 
T m 
T  t 
In  1 2 
 T2  t1 
 T m 
70  43.47   40  25
 70  43.47 
In  
 40  25 
11.53

0.569

T m = 20.26˚C
…….. (2)

We know that,

Heat transfer,

Q  mh C ph T1  T2 ormc C pc t 2  t1 
 Q  mh C ph T1  T2 
 0.25  2  10 3  70  40

Q = 15,000 J/s …….. (3)

Substitute, Q, U, and T m values in equation (1)

 Q  UAT m
15,000  20  A  20.26

==> A = 37.02 m2
Result:

1. Choice of heat exchanger – counter flow arrangement

2. Surface area, A = 37.02 m2.

5. In a refrigerating plant water is cooled from 20˚C to 7˚C by brine solution entering at - 2˚C
and leaving at 3˚C. The design heat load is 5500 W and the overall heat transfer co-efficient is
800 W/m2 K. What area required when using a shell and tube heat exchanger with the water
making one shell pass and the brine making two tube passes.

Given:

Hot fluid – water, Cold fluid – water

(T1, T2) (t1, t2)

Entry temperature of water, T1 = 20˚C

Exit temperature of water, T2 = 7˚C

Entry temperature of water, T1 = - 2˚C

Exit temperature of brine solution, t2 = 3˚C

Heat load, Q = 5500 W

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 800 W/m2K

To find:

Area required (A)

Solution:

Shell and tube heat exchanger – One shell pass and two tube passes

For shell and tube heat exchanger (or) cross flow heat exchanger.

Q  FUA  T m [Counter flow] …….. (1)

Where

F – Correction factor

T m - Logarithmic mean temperature difference for counter flow.

For Counter flow,

T1  t 2   T2  t1 
T m 
T  t 
In  1 2 
 T2  t1 

20  3  7  2
 20  3 
In  
 72 

T m = 12.57˚C

From graph,

t 2  t1 3 2 5
X axis value, P   
T1  t1 20  2 22

P = 0.22

T1  T2 20  7 13
Curve value, P   
t 2  t1 3 2 5

R = 2.6

Xaxis value is 0.22, curve value is 2.6, and corresponding Y axis value is 0.94.

Substitute T m Q , U and F value in Equn (1)

(1)  Q  FUAT m

 5500  0.94  800  A  12.57

==> A = 0.58 m2

Result:

Area of heat exchanger, A = 0.58 m2

6. A parallel flow heat exchanger is used to cool 4.2 kg/min of hot liquid of specific heat 3.5
kJ/kg K at 130˚C. A cooling water of specific heat 4.18 kJ/kg K is used for cooling purpose at
a temperature of 15˚C. The mass flow rate of cooling water is 17 kg/min. calculate the flowing.

1. Outlet temperature of liquid

2. Outlet temperature of water
3. Effectiveness of heat exchanger

Take

Overall heat transfer co-efficient is 1100 W/m2K.

Heat exchanger area is 0.30 m2

Given:

Mass flow rate of hot liquid, mh = 4.2 kg/min

mh = 0.07 kg/s

Specific heat of hot liquid, Cph = 3.5 kJ/kg K

C ph  3.5  10 3 J / kgK

Inlet temperature of hot liquid, T1 = 130˚C

Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4.18 kJ/kg K

C pc  4.18  10 3 J / kgK
Inlet temperature of cooling water, t1 = 15˚C

Mass flow rate of cooling water, mc = 17 kg/min

mc = 0.28 kg/s
Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 1100 W/m2K

Area, A = 0.30 m2

To find:

1. Outlet temperature of liquid, (T2)

2. Outlet temperature of water, (t2)
 3. Effectiveness of heat exchanger,  

Solution:

Capacity rate of hot liquid, C  mh  C ph

 0.07  3.5  10 3

……….. (1)
C = 245 W/K
Capacity rate of water, C  mc  C ph

 0.28  4.18  10 3

………… (2)
C = 1170.4 W/K
From (1) and (2),

Cmin = 245 W/K

Cmax = 1170.4 W/K

C min 245
   0.209
C max 1170.4

Cmin
= 0.209
Cmax ……………. (3)

UA
Number of transfer units, NTU =
C min

1100  0.03
 NTU 
245

NTU = 1.34 …….. (4)

From graph,

Xaxis  NYU = 1.34

 C min
Curve   0.209
C max

Corresponding Yaxis value is 64%

i.e.,
  0.64

Maximum possible heat transfer

Qmax = Cmin (T1 – t1)

= 245 (130 – 15)

Qmax = 28,175 W

Actual heat transfer rate

Q    Qmax
 0.64  28,175

Q = 18,032 W
We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  mc C pc t 2  t1 
  18,032  0.28  4.18  10 3 t 2  t 5 
 18,0323  1170.4t 2  17556
 t 2  30.40  C

Outlet temperature of cold water, t2  30.40 C

We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  mh C pc T1  T2 

 18,032  0.07  3.5  10 3 130  T2 

 18,0323  31850  245T2
 t 2  56.4  C

Outlet temperature of hot liquid, T2  56.4  C

Result:

1. T2 = 56.4˚C
2. t2 = 30.40˚C
3.  = 0.64

7. In a counter flow heat exchanger, water at 20˚C flowing at the rate of 1200 kg/h. it is heated
by oil of specific heat 2100 J/kg K flowing at the rate of 520 kg/h at inlet temperature of 95˚C.
Determine the following

1. Total heat transfer

2. Outlet temperature of water
3. Outlet temperature of oil

Take

Overall heat transfer co-efficient is 100 W/m2 K.

Heat exchangers are is 1 m2.

Given:

Capacity rate of hot oil, C = mh  C ph

 0.144  2100

C = 302.4 W/K ………… (1)

Capacity rate of water, C = mh  C ph

0.33  4186

C  1381.3W / K ………… (2)

Inlet temperature of hot liquid, T1 = 130˚C

Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4.18 kJ/kg K

C pc  4.18  10 3 J / kgK

From Equn (1) and (2),

Cmin = 302.4 W/K

Cmax = 1381.3 W/K

C min 302.4
   0.218
C max 1381.3

Cmin
= 0.218
Cmax ……………. (3)

UA
Number of transfer units, NTU =
C min

1100  1
 NTU 
302.4

NTU = 3.3 …….. (4)

From graph,

Xaxis  NYU = 3.3

C min
Curve   0.218
C max

Corresponding Yaxis value is 0.95

i.e.,
  0.95
C min
 0.218
C max

Maximum possible heat transfer

Qmax = Cmin (T1 – t1)

= 302.4 (95 – 20)

Qmax = 22,680 W

Actual heat transfer rate

Q    Qmax
 0.95  22,680

Q = 21,546 W
We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  mc C pc t 2  t1 


21,546  0.33  4186 t 2  20 
C pc  4186 J / kgK 
 21,546  1381.38t 2  27,627.6

==>
t2 = 35.5˚C

Outlet temperature of water, t 2  35.5 C

We know that,

Heat transfer, Q  mh C pc T1  T2 

21,546  0.144  210095  T2 

 21,546  28,728  302.4T2

==> T2 = 23.75˚C

Outlet temperature of oil, T2  23.75 C

Result:

1. T2 = 21,546W
2. T2 = 23.75˚C
3. t2 = 35.5˚C

8. In a counter flow heat exchanger, water is heated from 20˚C to 80˚C by an oil with a
specific heat of 2.5 kJ/kg – K and mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. The oil is cooled from 110˚C to
40˚C. If the overall heats transfer co-efficient is 1400 W/m2K, find the following by using
NTU method

1. Mass flow rate of water

2. Effectiveness of heat exchanger
3. Surface area
Given:

Hot fluid – oil, Cold fluid - water

(T1, T2) (t1, t2)

Inlet temperature of water, t1 = 20˚C

Outlet temperature of water, t2 = 80˚C

Specific heat of oil, Cph = 2.5 kJ/kg - K

= 2.5  103 J/kg - K

The mass flow rate of oil, mh  0.5kg / s

Inlet temperature of oil, T1 = 110˚C

Outlet temperature of oil, T2 = 40˚C

Overall heat transfer co-efficient, U = 1400 W/m2 K

To find:

1. Mass flow rate of water, mc

2. Effectiveness of heat exchanger, 
3. Surface area, A

Solution:

We know that,

Heat lost by oil = Heat gained by water

 Qh  Qc
 mh C ph T1  T2   mc C pc t 2  t1 
 0.5  2.5  10 3 110  40  mc  4186  80  20

[ Specific heat of water, Cpc = 4186 J/kg K]

==> mc = 0.348 kg/s

Mass flow rate of oil (Hot fluid), C = mhCph

 0.5  2.5  10 3

……… (1)
C = 1250 W/K

Capacity rate of water (Cold fluid), C = mcCpc

0.348  4186

C = 1456.73 W/K
………… (2)

From Equn (1) and (2),

Cmin = 1250 W/K

Cmax = 1456.73 W/K

C min 1250
   0.858
C max 1456.73

Cmin
= 0.858
Cmax ………… (3)

We know that,

T1  T2
Effectiveness,  
T1  T1

110  40

110  20

  0.77

From graph,

Xaxis    0.77

C min
Curve   0.858
C max
Corresponding Xaxis value is 3.4, i.e., NTU = 3.4

We know that,

UA
NTU =
C min

UA
NTU 
C min

==> A = 3.03 m2

Result:

1. mc = 0.348 kg/s
2.  = 0.77
3. A = 3.03 m2