3-116 A hot plate is to be cooled by attaching aluminum pin fins on one side. The rate of heat transfer from the 1 m by I m section of the plate and the effectiveness of the fins are to be determined. Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The temperature along the fins varies in one direction only (normal to the plate). 3 Heat transfer from the fin tips is negligible. 4 The heat transfer coefficient is constant and uniform over the entire fin surface. 5 The thermal properties of the fins are constant. 6 The heat transfer coefficient accounts for the effect of radiation from the fins. Properties The thermal conductivity of the aluminum plate and fins is given to be k= 237 W/m-°C. Analysis Noting that the cross-sectional areas of the fins are constant, the efficiency of the circular fins can be determined to be Ip aD & 45 W/m?.°C) ean a= Jee |e = | | ON) is kA, kad? 14 VD \(237 W/ m.°C)(0.0025 m) 537 m!x003 Nhe = tanhal tanb(1537 x03 m) _ 0.935 aL 1537 m™ x0.03m The number of fins, finned and unfinned surface areas, and heat transfer rates from those areas are Im n=————= 27,771 (0,006 m)(0.006 m) aD? ig = ar Fy } arm 0025)(0.03)+ a cls }-t-arm| 25") on Avgtinoed = t-zm 7 Ofc = Min Pine = Mila Ty Te) =0,935(35 Wim?.°C\(6.68 m7)(100 = 30)°C =15300W utioned = "Agtined( To Ln) = (35 Wim?.°C)(0.86:m?)(100 = 30)°C =2107W Then the total heat transfer from the finned plate becomes Oroaiin = Ofinned + Qunfined = 15,300 +2107 = 1.74x104 W = 17.4 kW The rate of heat transfer if there were no fin attached to the plate would be Ago fin = (1 m)(1 m) = 1m? One in = HtApo in Th — Te) = (35 W/m? 2C)(1 m? (100 - 30)°C = 2450 W Then the fin effectiveness becomes Qin _ 17,400 _ 710 2450The engine cylinder of a motoreyele is constructed of 2024-6 aluminum alloy and is of height H = 0.15 m and outside diameter D = 50 mm. Under typical operating conditions the outer surface of the cylinder is at a temperature of 500 K and is exposed to ambient air at 300 K, with a convection coefficient of 50 W/m". K. Annular fins are integrally cast with the cylinder to increase heat transfer to the surroundings. Consider five such fins, ENSC 388 Tutorial #7 which are of thickness ¢ = 6 mm, length L = 20 mm, and equally spaced. What is the increase in heat transfer due to use of the fins? olution Known : Operating conditions of a finned motorcycle cylinder Find: Increase in heat transfer associated with using fins Schematic: Engine cylinder cross section (2024 T6 Al alloy) T., = 300K h=S0W/m?KProperties: Table A-24E, 2024-T6 aluminum (7 = 400 kK): k= 186 W/m. K. Analysis: With the fins in place, the heat transfer rate is given by the following equation M. Bahrami ENSC 388 Tutorial # 7 Eq. (1) NAy Q = hAr 1-7 G—m) % where Ay = 2a(r2. — r?) = 2m[(0.048m/ - (0.025 my] = 0.0105 m” and, also the total area of the finned surface is Ap = NAy + Ay Eq. 2) therefore, we find A, = NAy+2n0(H - Nj) = 0.0527 mv + 2n(0.025 m) [0.15 m - 0.03 m] = 0.0716 m’. With reference to Fig. 10-43 in Cengel book, ra/r; = 1.92, Le = 0.023 m, 4p = 1.380 x 10°* m?, we obtain Ayu 20.15 RG? =0.15 Hence, from Figure 10-43, the fin efficiency is ny * 0.95. With the fins, the total heat transfer rate ts then 0.0527 mr? s\1 200 Ke - 0.0716 me * (2-05)] 200K 690 W Q, = 50 Wim’. K = 0.0716 nr [1 — Without the fins, the convection heat transfer rate would be Qino sin = h(2ar:H)O, = 50 Wrm?.K(2x% 0.025 m * 0.15 m)200 K Hence AQ = O:-Ornopin = 454PROBLEM 11.35 KNOWN: Steam at 0.14 bar condensing in a shell and tube HXer (one shell, two tube passes consisting of 130 brass tubes off length 2 m, D,= 13.4 mm, D, = 15.9 mm). Cooling water enters at 20°C with a mean velocity 1.25 m/s. Heat transfer convection coefficient for condensation on outer tube surface is h, = 13,500 Wim? -K. FIND: (a) Overall heat transfer coefficient, U, for the HXer, outlet temperature of cooling water, Teo and condensation rate of the steam tity ; and (b) Compute and plot T,. and tity, as a function of the water flow rate 10 th, £30 kg/s with all other conditions remaining the same, but accounting for changes in U. SCHEMATIC: N= 130 tubes, D,= 13.4 mm A. {(0,= 15m, b= 2m T,j=20°C = 293K Ing = 13,500 Wim? K ® ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Negligible heat loss to surroundings, (2) Negligible kinetic and potential energy changes, (3) Constant properties, (4) Fully developed water flow in tubes. PROPERTIES: Table A-6, Steam (0.14 bat): Tur = Ty = 327 K, hy = 2373 Kl/kg, cp = 1898 Ikg-K; Table A-6, Water (Assume Teo =44°C or T. =305 K): vi= 1.005 x 10" m'fkg . cp = 4178 Jk K. b= 769 x 10* Nesim° , ky= 0.620 WimK, Prp=5.2; Table A-I, Brass - 70/30 (Evaluate at T=(T, + T2316 K): k= 114 Wink. ANALYSIS: (a) The overall heat transfer coefficient based upon the outside tube area follows from Eq. © fbeeiey ‘The value for hy can be estimated from an appropriate intemal flow correlation. First determine the nature of the flow within the tubes. From Eq. 8 D, ( 0510") x1.25m/sx13.4x107m Rep, = pu, 1,673 H 769x107 N-s/'m? The water flow is turbulent and fully developed (L/D, = 2 m /13.4 x 10% m= 150 > 10). The Dittus- Boelter correlation with n = 0.4 is appropriate, Nup =h; Dj/ky =0.023Rep,* Pr?’ = 0,023 (21,673)°-8(5.2)°* =130.9 Continued.PROBLEM 11.35 (Cont.) 20W h =“ Nip 0.620W/m-K 130.9 = 6057 W/m?-K D; 134x107m Substituting numerical values into Eq. (1), the overall heat transfer coefficient is (sox a)/2 Is9 159 U,=| ————++—_—n °"V13,soow/m?-K — USW/m-K 34134 gos] w/m?-K 1 2 Us =[zarra0® #118300" +19.590%107 | w/m2-K =3549W/m2-K < To find the outlet temperature of the water, we'll employ the €—_NTU method. From an energy balance on the cold fluid, o= hit ye @) where the heat rate can be expressed as 4=Fnax ax = Cnn (Thi “Tho ) The minimum capacity rate is that of the cold water since C,—> »°. Evaluating, find ¢ (tip), 22.8kg/sx4178J/kg-K = 95,270 W/K ‘min = where tt = (PAu, JN =995.Okg/m’ x7r/4(0.0134m)" xl 25 m/sx130= 22.8kg/s To determine e, use Fig, 11.16 (one shell and any multiple of tube passes) with Uphy _ 3549W/m? -K (0.0159mx2mx130%2) NTU Cinin 95,270 W/K = 0.968 where 130) and 2 represent the number of tubes and passes, respectively, to find e =0.62. Combining Eqs. (4) and (5) into Eq, (3), find Teo =Tej + €C min (Thi Tos )/Ce =20°C +0.62(327-293)K =41.1°C. < The condensation rate of the steam is given by ty = g/g 6) where the heat rate can be determined from Eq. (3) with T.,, , a, = Ce (Teo Tes )/ aig = 95, 270W/K (41.1-20.0)k/2373«10" I/kg-K =O0.85kg/s. <Example 14.4 A concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool the lubricating oil for a large marine diesel engine, The inner tube is constructed from a 2 mm wall thickness stainless steel (k 16 WémrK). The flow rate of the cooling water through the inner tube (r; = 30 mm) is 0.3 kg/s. The flow rate of the oil through the outer tube (R, = 50 mm) is 0.15 kg/s. Assume fully developed flow and take the fouling resistances on the ail side as 0.0004 m-K/W and on the water side as 0.0001 m’-K/W. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient referred to the inside surface. Use the properties of oil at 80°C and of water at 35°C. Page 996 is not part of this book preview. 14.6 HEAT EXCHANGER ANALYSIS. The Reynolds number is pu,D, _ 1D, Re uO A 2mm, (R, =¥,) 2ui, 2x0.15 56 = = = ~=36 mR) =r Jue a(R, +H) ue x (0.05 + 0.032) x 3.25% 10 Re < 2300, hence the flow is laminar, and the Nusselt number is constant and can be obtained as h,D, k Nu 5.6%0,138 0.036 The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the inner surface is then 21,5 Wim’ -K U; 0,030 ly 0,0001+ In| 643 16 21.9 Win™sK Answer 30