The Universe is often defined as "the totality of existence",
or everything that exists, everything that has existed, and everything that
will exist.
The physical Universe is defined as all of space and time[a] (collectively
referred to as spacetime) and their contents.[10] Such contents comprise
all of energy in its various forms, including electromagnetic
radiation and matter, and therefore planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and
the contents of intergalactic space
Physical properties:
Of the four fundamental interactions, gravitation is the dominant at astronomical length
scales. Gravity's effects are cumulative; by contrast, the effects of positive and negative
charges tend to cancel one another, making electromagnetism relatively insignificant on
astronomical length scales. The remaining two interactions, the weak and strong nuclear
forces, decline very rapidly with distance; their effects are confined mainly to sub-atomic
length scales.
The Universe appears to have much more matter than antimatter, This imbalance between
matter and antimatter is partially responsible for the existence of all matter existing today,
since matter and antimatter, if equally produced at the Big Bang, would have completely
annihilated each other and left only photons as a result of their interaction.
Size
The size of the Universe is somewhat difficult to define. According to the general theory of
relativity, far regions of space may never interact with ours even in the lifetime of the
Universe due to the finite speed of light and the ongoing expansion of space. For example,
radio messages sent from Earth may never reach some regions of space, even if the
Universe were to exist forever: space may expand faster than light can traverse it.
Spacetime
Spacetimes are the arenas in which all physical events take place. The basic elements of
spacetimes are events. In any given spacetime, an event is defined as a unique position at a
unique time. A spacetime is the union of all events (in the same way that a line is the union of
all of its points).
The Universe appears to be a smooth spacetime continuum consisting of three spatial
dimensions and one temporal (time) dimension (an event in the spacetime of the physical
Universe can therefore be identified by a set of four coordinates: (x, y, z, t) ).
Composition
The Universe is composed almost completely of dark energy, dark matter,
and ordinary matter. Other contents are electromagnetic radiation (estimated to
constitute from 0.005% to close to 0.01% of the total mass-energy of the Universe)
and antimatter.[79][80][81]
Dark energy
An explanation for why the expansion of the Universe is accelerating remains elusive. It is
often attributed to "dark energy"
a theoretical form of energy postulated to act in opposition to gravity and to occupy the entire
universe, accounting for most of the energy in it and causing its expansion to accelerate.
Dark matter
Dark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that is invisible to the entire electromagnetic
spectrum, but which accounts for most of the matter in the Universe. The existence and
properties of dark matter are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation,
and the large-scale structure of the Universe
https://slideplayer.com/slide/7246385/
his theory predicted that light would bend passing near a massive object
ordinary matter
The remaining 4.9% of the mass–energy of the Universe is ordinary matter, that
is, atoms, ions, electrons and the objects they form. This matter includes stars, which
produce nearly all of the light we see from galaxies,
