Readings in PH notes for 1st shifting
CC071699
Discussion Board #1: ◆ Traveled throughout
Greece, Italy, Egypt
The future is an abstraction, the ◆ 443 BC: settled in Thurii in
“present” but a fleeting moment. Southern Italy
● The future is uncertain; thus, ➔ “Historia”
cannot be predicted. ◆ “Inquiry”
● An idea is possible because of the ➔ Completed his great work “History”
present. ➔ “Inquire” - to ask
It is impossible to escape history, it Definitions -- HISTORY
would be catastrophic to try.
● Country who doesn’t remember ● Man’s recorded past
the past - bound to repeat the ● Record of important events
same mistake. ○ most of time chronological
● Those who don’t learn from and time-based
history is doomed to repeat it. ● Study of human beings
○ Beliefs and desires
A country without memory is a country of ○ Practices
madmen. ○ Institutions
● Who we are and what we are are - ○ “The story of us”
offshores of the past.
● Forgetting the past is like losing ★ History is like a puzzle
our identity. ○ We solve it to see the
bigger picture
Understanding Content, Context, & ○ We reconstruct the past to
Perspective see the whole picture
● Context ○ Based on real events
○ the situation ○
○ Unravel the environment ★ History is a process.
○ Historical background ○ It follows a series of steps.
○ Presentation ○ It involves collection,
● Perspective analysis and synthesis of
○ Point of view sources.
○ Personal insights ○ It interprets and recreates
● Content facts in an orderly manner.
○ “Nilalaman” ○ It follows trends or
patterns.
➔ Historical context ○ It can be a systematic
◆ Time and place it study of written and
(something) was written unwritten records (of the
◆ Historical events past).
➔ History Scrutinized
◆ A dissection ❏ Sources of History
◆ “Opening” ❏ Written records
◆ “Examining” ❏ Oral traditions
➔ Etymology ❏ Relics
◆ “Origin” ❏ Objects preserved
➔ Herodotus from the past
◆ Greek historian
◆ Father of History ★ Oral History
◆ Born in Halicarnas ○ Passing knowledge and
◆ Went directly to Samos culture through words of
(Greece) mouth
Readings in PH notes for 1st shifting
CC071699
○ In form of stones, legends, ❏ Relativist
songs and folktales, etc. ❏ No absolute truth
○ Provide clear description ❏ Seeing things
of the past differently
❏ Involves different
★ Significance of History perspectives
○ This helps us understand
the present. ★ Difficulty in Studying and Writing
○ It helps answer existing History
problems. ○ Scarcity of written records
■ Knowing the truth ■ Especially in local
○ It helps us appreciate context
culture. ○ Problems in translation
○ Solutions in the past can ■ From spanish to
be used to solved (similar) local language
present problems. ○ Biases and prejudices
○ Knowing the truth by going ■ When foreign writers
back and learning about wrote them
the past. ○ Lack of representative
○ It increases one’s ○ Lack of historians
knowledge about culture.
★ SIMPLIFICATION
❏ Major Views of History ○ Problems in writing History
❏ Cyclical is associated wit:
❏ History is a cycle. ■ THE WRITTEN
❏ History repeats ■ THE WRITER
itself.
❏ Providential ★ Historical Writing
❏ Associated with ○ Started in chronicles or
religion and God. accounts
❏ It is like a straight ■ In the 16th century
line. ○ Records of observations
❏ There is a beginning and travels in the
and an end. Philippines
❏ The beginning is ○ Early Spanish
when God created. ■ They wrote about
❏ God is in control of what they observe
our journey. about the
❏ Progressive and linear Philippines and the
❏ History is like a Filipinos
straight line. ○ 19th Century
❏ Similar to ■ Reform movement
providential but happened
God is not the one ■ Heroes wrote
responsible. something against it
❏ The people living ○ American period
are the ones ■ Based on factual
responsible. information
❏ Marxist and Leftist - ■ Chronological
Socialist events
❏ Uprising ○ Post war period
❏ Clashes ■ Wrote
❏ The poor and the interpretations
rich
Readings in PH notes for 1st shifting
CC071699
■ Mostly in Filipino interviews, original
perspective research, data
● Historical
★ History is ART. newspapers
○ Style of writing depicts art ◆ USES:
in history. ● Focal point of
○ History is an art and discussion
SCIENCE. ● Used to back up
claims or criticisms
★ Historical Methodology ● Evidence for
1. Topic theories and
2. Sources research
3. Examine sources ● Historical
perspectives
➔ Secondary
● Extraction of data ◆ Written by scholars,
○ From reliable and observers, after the fact,
credible sources and interpret or analyze
● Writing process of history primary sources or events
○ Must be ◆ Are at least one step
well-organized removed from what they
○ Must be elegantly are describing
written ◆ Examples:
● Interpretation of events ● Textbooks,
○ Must be encyclopedias,
well-organized essays and reviews
○ Shows coherence ● Magazine or journal
○ Elegant articles which
analyze events or
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY SOURCES ideas
● Books which provide
➔ Primary a summary of events
◆ first -hand accounts of an or synthesize
event and are created information from
during the time that event primary sources
took place ◆ USES:
◆ Can also be created ● Get background
retrospectively at a later info and understand
date by a participant in the scope of a topic
those events ● See what others
◆ Original documents and have discussed or
usually don’t describe or get opinions
analyze other documents ● Learn how recent
◆ Can also be creative works events affect or fit
◆ Examples: into the larger
● Speeches, laws, picture
court documents ● Understand the
● Diaries, memoirs, significance of
autobiographies, events, data or
letters works of literature
● Works of art, novels, and art
play
● Documented
observations,
