1st Topic

Triple Integrals
[where limits are given]

(Last updated on 15-07-2013)

(15 Solved problems and 00 Home assignment)

Triple Integrals:
Consider a function f(x, y, z) is defined at every point of the 3-demensional finite
region V. Divide V into n elementary volumes δV1, δV2 ,...., δVr ,....,δVn . Let
(x r , yr , z r ) be any point within the rth sub-division δVr .
z-axis
δV1 δVn
δVn −1
δVr
δV2
δV3

O y-axis

x-axis
n
Now consider the sum ∑ f ( x , y , z ) δV .
r =1
r r r r
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 2
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The limit of this sum, if it exist, as n → ∞ and consequently δVr → 0 is called the triple

integral of f (x , y, z ) over the region V and is denoted by ∫ f (x, y, z )dV .

For purposes of the evaluation, it can be expressed as the repeated integrals
x 2 y2 z2

∫ ∫ ∫ f (x, y, z )dxdydz .
x1 y1 z1

If x1, x 2 are constants; y1, y 2 are either constants or functions of x and z1, z 2
are either constant or functions of x and y, then this integral is evaluated as follows:
First f (x , y, z ) is integrating w. r. t. z between the limits z1, and z 2 keeping x

and y fixed. The resulting expression is integrated w. r. t. y between the limits y1, and y 2

keeping x constant. The result just obtained is finally integrated w. r. t. x from x1, and x 2
.
x2  y2 (x ) z2 (x , y )   
   
Thus I =  ∫  ∫  ∫ f (x , y, z )dz dy dx  ,
  y1( x ) z1( x , y )
 x1   
where the integration is carried out from the innermost bracket to the outermost bracket.
This order of integration may be different for different type of limits.
Here we will discuss those problems in triple integrals, where limits are given. By
observing the limits, we will decide the order of integration. Since limits are given,
so rough sketch of the region of integration is not required.

1 z x+z
Q.No.1.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ (x + y + z )dxdydz .
−1 0 x − z

1  z  x +z   1 z x +z 
 dx dz =  y2 
Sol.: We have I = ∫ ∫
0  ∫
( x + y + z )dy
  ∫  ∫ xy +
2
+ yz dx dz
−1  x −z   −1 0 x −z 
1 z  
= ∫ ∫  2
[ ]
 x[(x + z ) − (x − z )] + 1 (x + z )2 − (x − z )2 + [(x + z ) − (x − z )]z dx dz
 
−1 0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 3
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1 z  1  

= ∫  ∫ 
(x + z )(2z ) +
2
4 xz  dx dz
 
−1 0
z 1
1
x 2z x 2z
1  z3 3 z
3
z4
= 2∫ + z 2x + dz = 2 ∫  + z +  dz = 4 = 0 . Ans.
−1
2 2 −10  2 2  4
−1

(1− x 2 ) (1− x 2 − y 2 )
1
Q.No.2.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ xyzdxdydz .
0 0 0

1  (1− x 2 )  (1− x 2 − y 2 )  
  
1


(1− x 2 ) z 2 (1− x 2 − y 2 ) 

Sol.: We have I = ∫ x ∫ y ∫ zdzdydx = ∫ x ∫ y. 2 dy dx
0  0  0   0  0 0 
   

1  (1− x 2 ) 1  1 (1− x 2 )
  y2 y4
=∫ x ∫ y. 2 (1 − x − y )dydx = 2 ∫
2 2 1
(
x 1 − x2
2
−
4
) dx
0  0  0 0
 
1 1
1
80 
(2
) 4


1
80
( )
= ∫  1 − x 2 .2 x − 1 − x 2 .x  dx = ∫ x − 2 x 3 + x 5 dx ( )
1
1 x 2 2x 4 x 6 11 1 1 1
= − + =  − + = . Ans.
8 2 4 6 8  2 2 6  48
0

1 2 2
Q.No.3.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ x 2 yz dz dy dx .
0 0 1

1 2 2 1 2 2 2  
 x yzdz dy  dx
∫ ∫ ∫ x yz dz dy dx = ∫ ∫
∫
2
Sol.: We have I =
 0  
0 0 1 0 1  

1 2  x 2 yz 2 
2  1 2  2 2  
=∫    dy  dx =  2x y − x y dy  dx
∫ ∫ ∫
 2   2  
0 0  1  0  0 

2
1  2x 2 y2 x 2 y2  1 1
=∫  −  dx = ∫ 4 x 2 − x 2 dx = [ ] ∫ 3x 2dx
0  2 4 
0 0 0

1
 3x 3 
= 31
[ ]
 = x 0 = [1 − 0] = 1 . Ans.
 3  0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 4
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c b a
Q.No.4.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ (x 2
)
+ y 2 + z 2 dx dy dz .
−c − b − a

c  b a 2   c b  3 
a 
 
Sol.: We have I = ∫ ∫ 
∫
( 2 2 
x + y + z dx dy dz = 8∫
 
) x
∫  + y x + z x  dy dz
2 2

−b − a  − a   0  0  3  0 
b
c b  a 3   c  3
a ay3 
= 8∫ ∫  + ay + az  dy dz = 8∫  y +
2 2
+ az 2 y  dz
0 0  3   3
0 
3  0
c
c  a 3b ab3   a 3b ab3 abz 3 
= 8∫  y+ + abz 2  dz = 8 z+ z+  dz
0  3 3   3 3 3 
0

=
8 3
3
[ 8
]
a bc + ab3c + abc 3 = abc a 2 + b 2 + c 2 . Ans.
3
[ ]
(4z − x 2 )
4 2 z
Q.No.5.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ dy dx dz .
0 0 0

4 2 z  4z−x 2   4 2 z 
     4z − x 2 
Sol.: We have I = ∫  ∫  ∫ dy dx dz = ∫  ∫ [y]0 dx dz
0  0  0  
  0  0 

4 2 z 
 
=∫  ∫ 4z − x dx dz
2

0  0 

Put 2 z = ρ ⇒ 4z = ρ2 .
4 ρ 
∴I = ∫ ∫ (ρ2 − x 2 )dxdz .
0  0 

Put x = ρ sin θ ⇒ dx = ρ cos θdθ .

π
When x = 0, θ = 0 ; x = ρ , θ = .
2
4 π / 2 2  4 π / 2 2  4
1 π
∫  ∫ ρ − ρ sin θ . ρ cos θdθdz = ∫  ∫ ρ cos θdθdz = ∫ 4z × dz
2 2 2
∴I =
0  0  0  0  0 2 2
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 5
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4
4  z2  16
= π ∫ zdz = π   = π. = 8π . Ans.
0  2  0 2

a x x+ y
Q.No.6.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ e x + y + zdz dy dx .
0 0 0

a x x+y a x  x+y  
 e x + y + zdz dy dx
Sol.: We have I = ∫ ∫ ∫ e x + y + z dz dy dx = ∫  ∫
  ∫  
0 0 0 0 0  0  
x
a  x 2( x + y ) x + y  a  2 (x + y ) 
=∫ ∫ e ( −e dy  dx = ∫ 
e
) −e x+ y
 dx
0  0   2
0   0
a
a  e4 x e2 x   e 4x e 2 x e 2 x 
=∫  − e2 x − + e x  dx =  − − + ex 
0  2 2   8 2 4  0

e 4 a e 2a e 2 a 1 1
= − − + ea − + 1 + − 1
8 2 4 8 2
e 4a 3e 2a 3
= − + ea − . Ans.
8 4 8
e log y e x
Q.No.7.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ log zdz dx dy .
1 1 1

e log y  e x   e log y  e x 
  dx dy = dy dx  log zd  z
Sol.: We have I = ∫  ∫  ∫ log zdz   ∫ ∫  ∫ 
1  1  1   1 1 1 
e log y e log y
= ∫ dy ∫
x
dx[log z.z.z ]1e = ∫ dy ∫ [
dx log e x .e x − 1log z ]
1 1 1 1

e log y e
= ∫ dy ∫ [ ] [
dx x.e x − e x + 1 dx = ∫ dy x.e x − e x − e x + x 1 ] log y

1 1 1

e
[
= ∫ dy x.e x − 2e x + x 1 ]
log y

e
(
= ∫ log ye log y − 2elog y + log y − 1.e1 + 2e1 − 1 .dy )
1
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 6
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e
= ∫ (y log y − 2 y + log y − e − 1).dy
1

e
 y2 y2 
=  log y − + y log y − y − y 2 + y − y
 2 4 1

 e2 e2   1 
=  − + e − e − e 2 + e 2 − e  −  − − 1 − 1 + e − 1
 2 4   4 
 
e2
=
4
− 2e +
13 1 2
= e − 8e + 13 . Ans.
4 4
( )
2 2
π / 2 a sin θ a − r / a ( )
Q.No.8.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ rdz dr dθ .
0 0 0

2 2
π / 2 a sin θ a − r / a ( ) π / 2 a sin θ a − r / a
2 2

( )  

 r.dz dr  dθ
Sol.: We have I = ∫ ∫ ∫ rdz dr dθ = ∫  ∫  ∫  
0 0 0 0  0  0  
π / 2 a sin θ
(a 2
)
−r 2 / a
 π / 2 a sin θ
r a2 − r2  ( )
= ∫ 

∫ (rz)0 .dr  dθ = ∫  ∫

.dr  dθ
0  
0 0  0 a

a sin θ π/2
a 4 sin 4 θ 
π/2
r2 r4 
= ∫  a −  dθ = ∫ 
a 2 2
a sin θ(− )
 dθ
0  2 4a  0 0  2 4a 

π/2  3
a a3 4  a 3  1 π  a 3  3.1 π 
∫
2
=  sin θ − sin θ dθ =  ×  −  ×
0  2 4  2  2 2  4  4.2 2 

a 3π 3a 3π  8 − 3  3 5a 3π
= − = a π = . Ans.
8 64  64  64
1 1 1− x
Q.No.9.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ 2
xdzdxdy .
0 y 0

1 1 1− x 1 1  1− x   1 1 
  xdz dx  dy =  (xz )1− x dx  dy
Sol.: ∫ ∫ ∫ xdzdxdy = ∫
 ∫2  ∫   ∫  ∫2 0

0 y 2 0 0 y  0   0  y 
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 7
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1 1 
=∫  x (1 − x )dx  dy
 ∫2 
0 y 
1
1
 x 2 x3  1  1 1   y 4 y 6  
=∫  −  dy =∫  −  −  −   dy
0  2 3  2 0  2 3   2 3  
y

1
 y y y5 y7  1 1 1 1
= − − +  = − − + 
 2 3 10 21  0  2 3 10 21
105 − 70 − 21 + 10 24 4
= = = . Ans.
210 210 35
3 1 2
Q.No.10.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ (x + y + z )dzdydx .
−3 0 1

3 1 2 3 1  2  
Sol.: I = ∫ ∫ ∫ (x + y + z )dzdydx = ∫ ∫
 0
∫ (x + y + z )dz dy  dx
1  
−3 0 1 −3

1 2  1
 z 2  1 
3 3
  
= ∫ ∫


xz + yz +
2 
 dy

dx = ∫  ∫ (2 x + 2 y + 2 ) −  x + y + dy  dx
 0  2  
−3 0 1  − 3

1
3  y2 y 
3
 1 1
∫ ∫
2
=  2 xy + y + 2 y − xy − −  dx =  2x + 1 + 2 − x − − dx
−3 
−3  2 2  2 2
0

3
3 3  2 
= ∫ (x + 3 − 1)dx = ∫ (x + 2)dx =  x + 2x  =  9 + 6  −  9 − 6 
−3 −3  2  −3  2  2 

21 3 24
= + = = 12 . Ans.
2 2 2
2 2
1 1− x 2 1− x − y
Q.No.11.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ dzdydx .
0 0 0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 8
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1 1− x 2
Sol.: I= ∫ ∫ 1 − x 2 − y 2 dydx
0 0

  1 − x 2 
2 
 1− x 2
y 
1
1 − x 2 − y2 +   sin −1
y
=∫  ∫  dx
0  0
2 2 1 − x2 
 

=∫
1  1 − x2
 ×0+
1 − x 2 −1 1 − x 2 
sin
1 
 dx = ∫ 
1 − x2 
sin −11 dx
( )
0  2 2 1 − x 2   2
0  

=∫
1
(
 1 − x2 π )
π
1
π
( x3 
)
1

4 ∫0
2
 ×  dx = 1 − x dx =  x − 
0  2 2  4  3 
0

π  1 π 2 π
= 1− = × = . Ans.
4  3  4 3 6

a a 2 − x 2 mx
Q.No.12.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ z 2dzdydx .
0 − a 2 −x 2 0

a2 −x2 a 2 −x 2 mx
a  mx 2  a  z3 
Sol.: I = ∫ ∫ ∫  z dz 

dydx = ∫ ∫  3  dydx
0 − 2
a −x 2 0 0 − a2 −x2  0

a  a 2 −x 2  m3x 3   a 3 3 a 2 −x2  a
  dy dx = m x   m 3x 3 a 2 −x 2
=∫
 ∫  3   ∫ 3  ∫ dy

dx = ∫ 3 − a 2 − x 2 dx
[y ]
0 − a 2 −x2    0 − 2
a −x 2  0

a a
m3x 3  2 2 
=∫ a − x 2 + a 2 − x 2  dx = ∫  m3x 3 a 2 − x 2  dx
0
3  
0 
3 
a
2 3  3 2
= m ∫  x a − x 2 dx
3 0  

Put x = a sin θ ∴ dx = a cos θdθ

π/2 π/2
2 2
= m3 ∫ a sin θ a − a sin θ .a cos θdθ = m3 ∫
3 3 2 2 2
a 5 sin 3 θ 1 − sin 2 θ. cos θdθ
3 0
3 0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 9
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π/ 2
2 5 3
=
3
a m ∫ sin 3 θ. cos2 θdθ
0

Now cos θ = t , ∴ − sin θdθ = dt

1
2 3 5  t 3 t 5 
1 1
2 5 3
3
2 5 3
3
2
(
= a m ∫ − 1 − t t dt = a m ∫ t − t dt = m a
2 2 4
3
)
3 5
− dt ( )
0 0  0

2 3 5  1 1  2 3 5  5 − 3  2 3 5  2  4m3a 5
= m a  − = m a  = m a  = . Ans.
3 3 5 3  15  3  15  45
log 2 x x + log y
Q. No. 13.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ e x + y + zdzdydx .
0 0 0

log 2 x x + log y log 2 x

Sol.: I = ∫ ∫ ∫ e x + y+ z
dzdydx = ∫ ∫ [e 0 ]
x + y + z x + log y
dydx
0 0 0 0 0

log 2 x log 2 x

∫ ∫ [e ] ∫ ∫ [e ]
x + y + x + log y
= − e x + y dydx = 2x y
e .y − e x .e y dydx
0 0 0 0

log 2 x  y x  log 2
= ∫ e 2x
∫ e .ydy − e ∫ e dy dx = ∫ e 2 x y.e y − e y
x y

( )
x
0 ( )
− e x e y 0  dx
x


0 0  0  0

log 2 log 2
= ∫ [e (x.e
2x x
) (
− e x + 1 − e x e x − 1 dx = )] ∫ [xe 3x
− e3x + e 2 x − e 2 x + e x dx ]
0 0

log 2 log 2 log 2 log 2 log 2

 xe 3x e3x   e3 x 
= ∫
3x
xe dx − ∫ e 3x
+ ∫
x
e = −  −  [ ]
+ ex
log 2
0
0 0 0  3 9 
0  3  0

 8 log 2 8 1   8 1   8 log 2 7   7 
= − +  −  −  + [2 − 1] =  −  −   +1
 3 9 9  3 3  3 9 3
8 log 2 7 7 8 log 2  7 + 21 − 9  8 log 2  28 − 9 
= − − +1 = − = − 
3 9 3 3  9  3  9 
8 log 2 19
= − . Ans.
3 9
12 − 3z 12 − 4 y −3z
4 4 6
Q.No.14.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ dxdydz .
0 0 0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 10
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12 − 3z 12 − 4 y −3 z 12−3z 12 −4 y −3z  

4 4 6 4  4  6  
Sol.: I = ∫ ∫ ∫ dxdydz = ∫  ∫  ∫ dx dy dz
 0  0
0 0 0 0  
 
  

12 −3z 
12 −3z 12 − 3z 12 − 3z
4  4 12 − 4 y − 3z  4
=∫  ∫
1 4
dy  dz = ∫ 12[y ]0 4 − y 0 4 − 3z[y]0 4 dz
2
[ ]
0  0 6  60 2
 
4 2
1  12 − 3z   12 − 3z   12 − 3z 
= ∫ 12  − 2  − 3z dz
60  4   4   4 
4 4
1  12 − 3z   2(12 − 3z )  1  12 − 3z   (24 − 12 + 3z − 6z ) 
= ∫ 
6 0  4 
 12 −
4
− 3z  dz = ∫ 
 6 0  4  

2  dz

4 4
1  12 − 3z   2(12 − 3z )  1  (12 − 3z )dz
= ∫ 
6 0  4 
 12 −
4
− 3z  dz = ∫ (4 − z )
 80  2 

4
3  − (4 − z )3 
4
3 3 43
= ∫ (4 − z )2 dz =   = × = 4 . Ans.
16 0 16  3  0 16 3
1 1− x x + y
Q.No.15.: Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ e x dxdydz .
0 0 0

1 1− x x + y 1 1− x  x + y  

Sol.: I = ∫ ∫ ∫ e x dxdydz = ∫  ∫  ∫ e x dz dy dx
 
0 0 0 0 
 0  0  

1− x x x + y  1− x x    1− x 
y 2  
1 1 1
 x
=∫ ∫ e z 0( )
dy  dx = ∫ ∫ e (x + y )dy  dx = ∫ e  xy +  dx
0  0  0  0  0   2  
0 

1  x  (1 − x )2 
1  x  2 
2 1 + x − 2x 
=∫  
e  x (1 − x ) +
  2 
dx = ∫ e  x − x +
  2 
dx
0 0 
1
 x  x 2 1   1   ex 
1 1
=∫ e  − +  dx = −  x 2e x ( ) −∫
1
2 xe x dx  +  
  2 2     2  0
0
0
2  0
Triple Integrals (where limits are given): 11
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1  x 1 1 x   e 1 
( )
= − (e − 0 ) − 2 xe 0 − ∫ e dx  +  − 
2
  0   2 2 

e  e 1 e e 1 1
= − + {e − (e − 1)} +  −  = − + 1 +  −  = . Ans.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
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