Math 21a Homework 07 Solutions Spring, 2014

1. Evaluate the iterated integral.

Z 1Z z Z y 2
(a) (Stewart 12.7 # 6 ) ze−y dx dy dz
0 0 0

Solution: We perform the iterated integral:

Z 1Z zZ y Z 1Z z y Z 1Z z
2 2 2
ze−y dx dy dz = ze−y · x dy dz = yze−y dy dz

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z 1
1 1  −z2 1 1  −z2
Z Z
1 −y2 z
  
= z· e  dz = − z e − 1 dz = − ze − z dz
0 −2 0 2 0 2 0
 1  1  
1 1 −z2 1 1 −z2 1  
=− · e − z2 = e +z = e−1 + 1 − e0 + 0
2 −2 2 0 4 0 4
 
1 1 1
= +1−1 = .
4 e 4e
Note that we’ve twice done an integral like
Z
2 1 −x2
xe−x dx = e +C
−2

using the substitution u = −x2 . (We did this for both the y integral and the z integral.)
√
Z π Z x Z xz
(b) (Stewart 12.7 # 8 ) x2 sin y dy dz dx
0 0 0

Solution: Again we integrate:

Z √π Z x Z xz Z √
π Z x xz Z √
π Z x
x2 sin y dy dz dx = x2 · − cos y  dz dx = x2 (1 − cos(xz)) dz dx

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
√ x Z √π  Z √π
Z  π 
1 2 1
x2 x − sin(x2 ) dx = x3 − x sin(x2 ) dx


= x z − sin(xz) dx =
0 x 0 0 x 0
√π 
1 √ 4 1 √
   
1 4 1 1 4 1
= x + cos(x2 ) = ( π) + cos(( π)2 ) − (0) + cos(02 )
4 2 0 4 2 4 2
π2 1 1 π2
= + (−1) − 0 − = − 1.
4 2 2 4
π2 − 4
This could also be written as .
4

2. Evaluate the triple integral:

ZZZ
(a) (Stewart 12.7 #10 ) yz cos(x5 ) dV , where E = {(x, y, z) | 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x, 0 ≤ z ≤ 2x}.
E

Solution: By the given description of E, we can write the triple integral as an iterated integral:
ZZZ Z 1 Z x Z 2x
yz cos(x5 ) dV = yz cos(x5 ) dz dy dx.
E 0 0 0

This we integrate in the usual way:

Z 1 Z x Z 2x Z 1 Z x Z 1Z x
1 2 2x 1

yz cos(x5 ) dz dy dx = y cos(x5 ) · z  dy dx = y cos(x5 ) · · 4x2 dy dx
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
Z 1 Z x
=2 x2 y cos(x5 ) dy dx
0 0
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
1 2 x 1

=2 x2 cos(x5 ) ·
y  dx = 2 x2 cos(x5 ) · x2 dx = x4 cos(x5 ) dx
0 2 0 0 2 0
1 1 sin(1)
1 
= sin(x5 ) = sin(1) − sin(0) = .

5 0 5 5
 ZZZ
(b) (Stewart 12.7 # 14 ) xy dV , where E is bounded by the parabolic cylinders y = x2 , x = y 2 and the planes
E
z = 0 and z = x + y.

Solution: One easy way to describe the region E is as

E = {(x, y, z) : 0 ≤ z ≤ x + y, (x, y) ∈ D} ,

where D is the region in the xy-plane bounded by the two parabolas y = x2 and x = y 2 . This region we can draw:

y = x2
y
√
y= x
1

x
1

Thus we can write our integral as either

√ √
ZZZ ZZ Z x+y Z 1 Z x Z x+y Z 1 Z y Z x+y
xy dV = xy dz dA = xy dz dy dx or xy dz dx dy.
E D 0 0 x2 0 0 y2 0

These last two iterated integrals are clearly equivalent (because of the symmetry in x and y), and we’ll compute
only the first:
√
ZZZ Z 1 Z x Z x+y
xy dV = xy dz dy dx
E 0 x2 0
√ √ √
Z 1Z x x+y Z 1 Z x Z 1 Z x
= xy · z  dy dx = xy(x + y) dy dx = (x2 y + xy 2 ) dy dx

0 x2 0 0 x2 0 x2
Z 1 y=√x Z 1 
1 1 1 1  3/2
x2 · y 2 + x · y 3 x2 · x − x4 + x · − x6


= dx = x dx
0 2 3 y=x 2 0 2 3
1 1 3
Z 
6 5/2 7
= 3x − 3x + 2x − 2x dx
6 0
 1  
1 3 4 3 7 2 7/2 2 8 1 3 3 4 1 1 9 3
= x − x + x − x = − + − = · = .
6 4 7 7/2 8 0 6 4 7 7 4 6 14 28

3. (Based on Stewart 12.7# 40 ) Let E be the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0 z = 0 and x + y + z = 1.
(a) Use a triple integral to find the volume of E.

Solution: Here this tetrahedron is the volume between z = 0 and z = 1 − x − y over the region in the xy-plane
bounded by the positive axes and the line 1 − x − y = 0, or x + y = 1:
y

x
1 x+y =1
 This volume is then given by integrating the constant 1 over this solid E:
ZZZ Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y
Volume of E = 1 dV = 1 dz dy dx
E 0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1−x
= (1 − x − y) dy dx
0 0
Z 1  1−x Z 1
1 2 1
= (1 − x)y − y dx = (1 − x)2 dx
0 2 y=0 2 0
1 1 1
1
= − (1 − x)3  = − (0 − 1) = .

6 0 6 6
Thus the volume of E is 1/6.

(b) Suppose that the density of the tetrahedron at any point (x, y, z) is given by ρ(x, y, z) = y (in lbs/in3 ). Find the
total mass of the tetrahedron.

Solution: The mass of E is given by integrating the density function:

ZZZ Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y
Mass of E = ρ(x, y, z) dV = y dz dy dx
E 0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1 Z 1−x  
1
= y (1 − x − y) dy dx = (1 − x)y − y 2 dy dx
0 0 0 0 2
Z 1 1−x Z 1
1 1 1
= (1 − x)y 2 − y 3 dx = (1 − x)3 dx
0 2 3 y=0 6 0
1 1 1
1
= − (1 − x)4  = − (0 − 1) = .

24 0 24 24
Thus the mass of E is 1/24 lbs.

4. In this problem we practice with switching the order of triple integration:

(a) (Stewart 12.7 #36 ) Write five other iterated integrals that are equal to the given iterated integral:
Z 1 Z x2 Z y
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx.
0 0 0

Solution: We switch the order of integration in pairs, starting with dz dy dx: The original outer limits for dy dx
gave us the region

y y = x2

x
1
√
in the xy-plane. We write this outer pair of integrals as dx dy by re-writing y = x2 as x = y. We get
Z 1Z 1 Z y
f (x, y, z) dz dx dy. (1)
√
0 y 0

Now we do an example of switching the order of integration for the inner two integrals. In (1), the inner two
integrals are evaluated over a region Dy that depends on the value of y. This region is
 z
1

√ x
y1

and so the triple integral can be written as

Z 1 Z y Z 1
f (x, y, z) dx dz dy. (2)
√
0 0 y

Now let’s switch the outer integrals, aiming for the order dx dy dz. This involves the region

z z=y

y
1

in the yz-plane, and we get the triple integral

Z 1Z 1 Z 1
f (x, y, z) dx dy dz. (3)
√
0 z y

To get the order dy dx dz, we’ll switch the inner integrals. For fixed z, the region in the xy-plane is

y y = x2

z
√ x
z 1

This gives us the triple integral

Z 1 Z 1 Z x2

√
f (x, y, z) dy dx dz. (4)
0 z z

Finally, the last order is dy dz dx, which we get by switching the outer integrals in (4). This gives us the region

z z = x2

x
1
 in the xz-plane, which in turn gives us the integral
Z 1 Z x2 Z x2
f (x, y, z) dy dz dx. (5)
0 0 z

(b) (Optional: For 4 points Extra Credit – Stewart 12.7 #34 ) The figure on page 881 in the text shows the region of
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1−x
integration for the triple integral f (x, y, z) dy dz dx. Rewrite the integral in the five other orders.
0 0 0

Solution: We do this as the previous part: switching in pairs, with a sketch for each switch. We otherwise
proceed without comment:
Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1−x
f (x, y, z) dy dz dx
0 0 0
z
1
1 1−x 1−x2
1 − x2
Z Z Z
= f (x, y, z) dz dy dx
0 0 0

y
1−x 1
y
1
Z 1 Z 1−y Z 1−x2
= f (x, y, z) dz dx dy
0 0 0

xy = 1 − x
1
z
1
√
Z 1 Z 2y−y 2 Z 1−y Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−z 2y − y 2
= f (x, y, z) dx dz dy + f (x, y, z) dx dz dy
0 0 0 0 2y−y 2 0

x
1 − y 1 z = 1 − x2

To get to dx dy dz and dy dx dz, we start again with the initial integral:

Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 1−x
f (x, y, z) dy dz dx
0 0 0
z
1
√
Z 1 Z 1−z Z 1−x
= f (x, y, z) dy dx dz
0 0 0

x
1 z = 1 − x2

y
1
√ √
Z 1 Z 1− 1−z Z 1−z Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y
√
= f (x, y, z) dx dy dz + √
f (x, y, z) dx dy dz 1− 1−z
0 0 0 0 1− 1−z 0

√ xy = 1 − x
1−z 1
5. (Stewart 12.7 #52 ) The average value of a function f (x, y, z) over a solid region E is defined to be
ZZZ
1
fave = f (x, y, z) dV
V (E) E

where V (E) is the volume of E. Find the average value of the function f (x, y, z) = x2 z + y 2 z over the region enclosed
by the paraboloid z = 1 − x2 − y 2 and the plane z = 0.

Solution: One easy way to describe the region E is as the set of points between z = 0 and z = 1 − x2 − y 2 over the
disk D given by x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 in the xy-plane. Thus
ZZ Z 1−x2 −y 2 ZZ
1 − x2 − y 2 dA


V (E) = 1 dz dA =
D 0 D

and
ZZZ ZZ Z 1−x2 −y 2 ZZ
1
x2 z + y 2 z dz dA = x2 + y 2 (1 − x2 − y 2 )2 dA.



f (x, y, z) dV =
E D 0 2 D

Both the resulting double integrals cry out for polar coordinates:
ZZ Z 2π Z 1
π
1 − x2 − y 2 dA = 1 − r2 r dr dθ = .



V (E) =
D 0 0 2

and
ZZZ ZZ Z 2π Z 1
1 1
2 π
x2 + y 2 (1 − x2 − y 2 )2 dA = r2 1 − r2


f (x, y, z) dV = r dr dθ = .
E 2 D 2 0 0 24

This last integral is easiest with the substitution u = 1 − r2 , so du = −2r dr and r2 = 1 − u. So the r-integral becomes
Z 1 Z 0
1 1 2
Z

2 −1 1
r2 1 − r2 r dr = (1 − u)u2 · du = (u − u3 ) du = .
0 1 2 2 0 24
In any case, the average value of f is
ZZZ
1 1 π 1
fave = f (x, y, z) dV = · = .
V (E) E π/2 24 12