GAYATRI PUBLIC SCHOOL
SESSION: 2019-20
AN
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT ON PHYSICS
SUBMITTED BY: TUSHAR
MISHRA
CLASS: XII-A
UnDER THE GUIDANCE
OF: NAIM UDDIN SIR.
(PHYSICS TEACHER)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that TUSHAR MISHRA
of Class 12th (PCM) has completed
investigatory Project on Physics
entitled “ Electroscope”
It is prepared by me under the
guidance of my Physics teacher “NAIM
UDDIN SIR.”.
Signature Signature
(Physics Teacher) (Principal)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr. Naim Uddin Sir.
As well as our principal Mrs. Kalyani Dixit .
Who gave me the golden apportunity to do
this wonderfull project on the topic.
" Electroscope"
which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to Know about a lot of
new things. I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my partner
and friends who helped me a lot in finishing
this project within the limited time frame.
TUSHAR MISHRA
XII - A
CONTEN
1. Introduction
2. Explanation
3. Material Required
4. How Do It Work
5. Uses Of Electroscope
6. Procedure
7. Result
8. Reference
INTRODUCTION
This is an instrument for detecting and measuring static
electricity or voltage.
A metal disc is connected to a narrow metal plate and a thin
piece of gold leaf is fixed to the plate. The whole of this part of
the electroscope is insulated from the body of the instrument.
A glass front prevents air draughts but allows you to watch the
behaviour of the leaf
When a charge is put on the disc at the top it spreads
down to the plate and leaf. This means that both the leaf
and plate will have the same charge. Similar charges
repel each other and so the leaf rises away from the plate
The leaf can be made to fall again by touching the disc -
you have earthed the electroscope. An earth terminal
prevents the case from becoming live. The electroscope
can be charged in two ways:
(a) by contact - a charged rod is touched on the surface
of the disc and some of the charge is transferred to the
electroscope. This is not a very effective method of
charging the electroscope.
(b) by induction - a charged rod is brought up to the disc
and then the electroscope is earthed, the rod is then
removed.
EXPLANATION
An electroscope is a simple device which is used to
identify the electric charge present in a body.Their
operation is based on the principle of like sign
charge repulsion. Two sheets or leaves, cut longer
than they are wide and made of very thin,
electrically conductive material, are hung adjacent
and virtually in contact with each other. The leaves
are ordinarily made of material sufficiently thin so
that they have no rigidity and hang down limply.
When the leaves, which are electrically connected,
become electrically charged, they push apart from
each other. The angle they form correlates on the
amount of electric charge on the leaves. See the
figure below. If the instrument is shielded so that
the capacitance is fixed, then the angle can be with
some precision to static voltage.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. SMALL PLASTIC OR GLASS JAR
2. ALLUMINIUM FOIL
3. CARDBOARD
4. COPPER WIRE
5. TAPE
6. PENCIL
7. SCISSOR
8. PLASTIC COMB
WORKING OF AN ELECTROSCOPE
•In an uncharged electroscope, the leaves hang straight
down.
•When a charged object touches the metal knob, electric
charges travel down the rod and into the leaves.
•The leaves spread apart, indicating the presence of an
electric charge.
•Since the charge on both leaves is the same the leaves repel
each other and spread out.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTROSCOPE :
An electroscope consists of a metal rod with a knob at
the top and a pair of thin metal leaves at the bottom.
The rod is inserted in a one hole rubber stopper which
fits into a flask.The flask contains the lower part of the
rod and the metal leaves.
USES
PROCEDURE
1.Firstly take a 14 gauge copper straight copper
wire.
2.Bend one end of copper wire into a shape like
‘U’.
3. Turn the jar upside down onto the cardboard,
and trace a circle around the opening.
4. Cut out the circle and punch a small hole in its
center with a pencil.
5.Take a piece of aluminium foil and draw a small
leave structure with fat as penny lower end and
on the upper end make it thinner.
6.Now cut two of these and make a hole at the
top of both foils.
7.Take remaining aluminium foil and crumble and
scrumble it into a nice round shape to make the
collector.
8. Carefully push the wire through the hole, straight
end first.
9.Now add some insulative tape on the wire and
cardboard to stick them permanently.
10.Take the aluminium foil ball and carefully push onto
the top of the wire or instead of using aluminium foil
ball you can simply coil up the upper end of copper wire
to increase the surface area.
11.Take the two aluminium foil leaves and enter it to
the clips ‘U’ bend part through the holes in the foil.
12. Finally take the cardboard containing aluminium
ball and leaves inserted to it through wire and put it on
the mouth of a plastic jar and tape it.
13. Rub the plastic comb or balloon against your hair or
clothing (wool works best), and hold either one close to
the aluminium foil ball.
“If the air is dry enough, the
ends of the aluminium strip
will fly apart when comb or
balloon touches the
aluminium ball.”
Electroscopes detect electric charge by the
motion of a test object due to the Coulomb
electrostatic force. Since the electric potential
or voltage of an object with respect to ground
equals its charge divided by its capacitance to
ground, an electroscope can be regarded as a
crude voltmeter. However, the accumulation
of enough charge to detect with an
electroscope requires hundreds or thousands of
volts, so electroscopes are only used with
high-voltage sources such as static electricity
and electrostatic machines. Electroscopes
generally give only a rough, qualitative
indication of the magnitude of the charge; an
instrument that measures charge
quantitatively is called an electrometer.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I have collected the necessary
informations for completing this project
from some sites.
• www.google.com
• Wikipedia
These sites has helped me a lot in solving
the problems I faced while making the
model.
U
REMARK SIGNATURE
(Physics Teacher)
