Electro Magnetic Compliance
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 1
Overview of EMC
l EMC- Electromagnetic Compatibility
l Capability of an electronic system to function
compatibly with other electronic systems and
not produce or be susceptible to interference
l A system is electromagnetically compatible if:
l It does not cause interference with other
systems
l It is not susceptible to emissions from other
systems
l It does not cause interference with itself
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 2
EMC Vs EMI or RFI
l Subject matter was referred to as EMI or
RFI
l EMI is Electromagnetic Interference
l RFI is Radio Frequency Interference
l Design community created the term EMC to
more positively refer to these conditions
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 3
Composition of EMC
Source Transfer path Receptor
(emitter) (coupling) (receiver)
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 4
Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Radiated Emissions
Noisy
Component
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 5
Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Radiated Susceptibility (Immunity)
Potentially
Susceptible
Component
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 6
Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Conducted Emissions
Noisy
Component
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 7
Preventing Interference
Subgroups
l Conducted Susceptibility (Immunity)
Potentially
Susceptible
Component
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 8
Popular Instances of EMC
l Emissions
l Protect nearby radio receivers.
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Popular Instances of EMC
l Radio Frequency Interference
l Protect against nearby radio transmitters.
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 10
Popular Instances of EMC
l ESD - Electrostatic Discharge
l Transfer of static charge between the
application and something else
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 11
Popular Instances of EMC
l EFT - Electrical Fast Transients (Power
Disturbance)
l Power Disturbance to equipment
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 12
Popular Instances of EMC
l Flicker & Harmonics
l Power Disturbance from equipment
l Noise on power lines by inductive switching
within the equipment
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 13
Popular Instances of EMC
l Lightning
l Indirect strike of lightning (Power “Surge”)
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 14
Popular Instances of EMC
l EMP - Electromagnetic Pulse
l Intense electromagnetic wave caused by a
nuclear detonation
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 15
Regulations
l FCC-Federal Communications Commission
l IEC - International Electrotechnical
Commission
l Military
l Medical
l Vehicular
l Other
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 16
FCC
l Focus on emissions
Any unintentional radiator (device or system)
that generates and uses timing pulses at a rate
in excess of 9000 pulses (cycles) per second
and uses digital techniques …
l Defines two classes
l Class A: marketed for use in commercial,
industrial or business environments
l Class B: marketed for use in residential
environment, but includes use in commercial
industrial or business environments
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 17
IEC
l International body that process regulations to
facilitate trade between countries
l Regulations focus on both emissions and immunity
l Standards include the IEC 61000-x-x
l Also include CISPR standards
l International Special Committee on Radio
Interference includes CISPR 11, 22
l Two types of standards
l Basic standard covers specific interference
l Product standard covers specific products
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 18
IEC Standards
l 60601 -> Medical electrical equipment
l 61000-3 -> Electromagnetic Compatibility
l 61000-4-2 -> ESD
l 61000-4-3 -> Radiated Electromagnetic Field
l 61000-4-4 -> EFT/Burst
l 61000-4-5 -> Surge
l 61000-4-6 -> RF Field Conducted Disturbances
l 61000-4-11 -> Voltage dips and interruptions
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 19
IEC Standards
CISPR
l 11 -> Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)
radio frequency equipment
l 14 -> Electromagnetic Compatibility -
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
l 22 -> Information Technology Equipment
(ITE)
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 20
Military Standards
l Military standards focus on both emissions and
susceptibility
l Includes electronic equipment used:
l Submarines to outer space
l desert to arctic environments
l computers, control systems, radio
communications
l Standards are application specific
l Standards can be negotiated
l MIL -STD-461E is key EMI specification
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 21
Telecom Standards
l Telecom standards focus on both emissions and
susceptibility
l Includes telecommunication equipments
l BELLCORE GR1089 is a key specification
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 22
Medical Standards
l Prime concern is reliable and safe operation of
equipment
l Main focus on immunity to ESD, RF fields, and
power disturbances
l Medical devices exempt from FCC in US
l No mandatory EMI requirements
l FDA recommends IEC 60601
l Europe uses IEC 60601
l Standards depend on application
l Current leakage based standards
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 23
Vehicular Standards
l Among the toughest standards in the world
l Covers planes, trains and automobiles
l Electronics operate in extremely harsh
conditions
l Also extremely cost sensitive
l Focus on immunity and emissions
l Society of Automotive Engineers publishes
standards
l SAE J551 and J1113
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 24
Other Standards
l ANSI/ESD-S20.20 -> Protection of Electrical
and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and
Equipment
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No Standards!!!
l “Environmental Noise Effect”
l Spark generator l Large Motors
l Igniters l RF Heaters
l Arc welders l Relays
l Thyristor drives
l ‘Bad’ power conditions
l Switch Mode Power
Supplies
l Transformerless power
supplies
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 26
Cost of Addressing EMC Issues
Cost of Addressing EMC
Concept Design Layout Prototype Testing Production
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 27
Objectives
(Initial Seminars)
l Focus on EMC subgroups
l “It is not susceptible to emissions from other
systems”
l Electrical Fast Transients (EFT)
l Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
l “It does not cause interference with itself ”
l Inductive Loads
l Connectors/ Cables
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 28
Objectives
(Initial Seminars)
l Focus Applications
l Cost Sensitive Applications (Single/ Two layer
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) )
l Typical Application
l Uses microcontroller and some digital glue
logic
l Uses some analog blocks
l Does power control through Relays / Triacs
l May use transformerless power supply
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 29
Objectives
(Initial Seminars)
l Procedure
l Explain fundamentals
l Provide simple low cost Tips & Tricks for,
l Schematic, component placement & PCB
layout
l Use cheap (mainly passive) components
l Component selection
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 30
What’s coming?
l EMC overview
l EFT standard - IEC 61000-4-4
l ESD standard - IEC 61000-4-2
l Noise fundamentals
l Transformerless power supplies
l Component selection
l PCB layout fundamentals
l Tips & tricks, Tips & tricks, Tips & tricks…..
l Case Studies
l Etc, Etc….
© 2004 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to EMC 31
