SL.
TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING AV EVALUATION
NO. OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES AIDS
1. 1 min To introduce INTRODUCTION Lecture Listening LCD Introduced the
the topic topic
The human ear, like that of other mammals, contains sense
organs that serve two quite different functions: that
of hearing and that of postural equilibrium and coordination
of head and eye movements.
2. 1min To define ear Lecture Listening LCD Defined ear
DEFINITION
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and
analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound
waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense
of balance (equilibrium).
3. 1min To explain the Lecture Listening LCD Explained the
PARTS OF EAR
parts of ear parts of ear
1. External
2. Middle ear
3. Internal ear
4. 3 min To explain Lecture Listening LCD Enumerates
EXTERNAL EAR
external ear external ear
The external ear consist of auricle or pinna and external
acoustic meatus (external auditory canal).
AURICLE (pinna): the auricle is the visible part of the ear
that projects from the side of the head . It consist of a thin plate
of elastic cartilage covered on both sides by true skin.
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS (AUDITORY
CANAL):
It is slightly ‘S’ shaped tube about 2.5 cm long extending from
the auricle to the tympanic membrane(ear drum). Its outer one-
third is cartilaginous and inner two-third is bony.
Nerve supply:
Auricular branch of auriculotemporal nerve
Facial nerve
Auricular branch of vagus
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE:
This thin, semitransparent, pearly white, oval membrane is
situated at the medial end of the external auditory meatus. It
forms a partition between external ear and middle ear. It
moves in response to ear vibrations. From here, the vibration
are transmitted by the ear ossicles through the middle ear to
the internal ear.
Nerve supply:
External surface is supplied by auriculotemporal nerve
and auricular branch of vagus
Internal surface is supplied by tympanic branch of
glossopharyngeal nerve.
5. 4 mins To discuss the Lecture Listening LCD Discussedmiddle
MIDDLE EAR
middle ear ear
It is also called the tympanic cavity or tympanum. It is a
narrow, air-filled space, situated in the petrous part of temporal
bone, between the external and internal ear.
There are three small bones or ossicles:
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Malleus: it resembles a hammer;it is the largest and most
laterally placed ossicles. It has handles, which is attached to
the tympanic membrane.
Incus (anvil): it resembles a premolar tooth. It has a body and
a long process. The body articulates with the head of the
malleus. The tip of the long process articulates with the head
of the stapes.
Stapes(stirrup): it is the smallest and most medially placed
ossicles of the ear.
MUSCLES OF MIDDLE EAR
There are two muscles:
Tensor tympani
Stapedius
TENSOR TYMPANI: arise from the cartilaginous part of
auditory tube and from the base of the skull and is inserted into
the handle of the malleus.
Nerve supple: by mandibular nerve
STAPEDIUS : lies in a bony canal on the posterior wall of the
middle ear and gets inserted into the neck of the stapes.
Nerve supple: a branch of the facial nerve.
FUNCTIONS:
It act simultaneously to damp down the intensity of high-
pitched sound waves. Thus, they help to protect the internal
ear.
BLOOD SUPPLY:
Middle ear is supplied by branches of external carotid artery
(maxillary artey, posterior auricular artery and ascending
pharyngeal artery), and internal carotid artery (corticotymanic
branches).
6. 1 min To explain INTERNAL EAR Lecture Listening LCD Explained internal
internal ear The internal ear contains the vestibulocochlear organ, which is ear
concerned with the reception of sound and maintenance of
balance. It is situated in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
It consist of the sacs and ducts of the membranous labyrinth.
This system is filled with a fluid, the endolymph.
7. 1 min To explain bony BONY LABYRINTH Lecture Listening LCD Explained bony
labyrinth labyrinth
Bony labyrinth is composed of three parts:
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
8. 3min To explain Cochlea : this shell-like part of the bony labyrinth contains the Lecture Listening LCD Explained cochlea
cochlea
cochlea duct, which is concerned with hearing.
Vestibule: the vestibule is an oval bony chamber which is
continuous anteriorly with the bony cochlea and posteriorly,
with the semicircular canals. The vestibule contains the utricle
and saccule, which are parts of the balancing apparatus.
Semicircular canals: the anterior, posterior and lateral
semicircular canals communicate with the vestibule of the
bony labyrinth. The canals are set at right angle to each other
9. 3 min Lecture Listening LCD Explained
MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
membranous
The membranous labyrinth consist of a series of sacs and
labyrinth, parts
ducts, situated in the cavities of the bony labyrinth. It contains
a fluid called endolymph.
PARTS:
Two small communicating sac, the utricle and saccule
are situated inside the vestibule
Three semicircular ducts in the semicircular canals
The cochlear duct in the cochlea
UTRICLE: it lies in the posterior part of bony vestibule It is
concerned with linear acceleration and deceleration.
SACCULE: the saccule lies anterior to the utricle. Its sensory
epithelium, macula responds to linear accelerations and
deceleration.
SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS: Three semicircular ducts, which
open in the utricle, correspond exactly to the three bony canals.
which respond to rotational movements (angular acceleration)
COCHLEAR DUCT:
The cochlear duct contains the organ of Corti, which is located
on its lower wall and plays an essential role in the sense of
hearing.
10. 1 min To summarize Lecture Listening LCD Summarized the
SUMMARY:
the topic topic
The ear is the sense organ that enables us to hear. The ear is
divided into three main parts – the outer ear, the middle ear,
and the inner ear.The inner ear is filled with fluid. The role of
the outer and middle ear is to transmit sound to the inner
ear. They also help compensate for the loss in sound energy
that naturally occurs when the sound waves pass from air into
water. In addition to converting sound waves into nerve action
potentials, the inner ear is also responsible for the sense of
equilibrium, which relates to our general abilities for balance
and coordination.
11. 1 min To conclude the CONCLUSION: Lecture Listening LCD Concluded the
topic Sound is transmitted as sound waves from the environment. topic
The sound waves are gathered by the outer ear and sent down
the ear canal to the eardrum. The sound waves cause the
eardrum to vibrate, which sets the three tiny bones in the
middle ear into motion. The motion of the bones causes the
fluid in the inner ear or cochlea to move. The movement of the
inner ear fluid causes the hair cells in the cochlea to bend. The
hair cells change the movement into electrical pulses. These
electrical impulses are transmitted to the hearing (auditory)
nerve and up to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Anne w, Allison G. Anatomy & Physiology in health
and illness. 12th edition.
PR Ashalatha, G Deepa. Textbook of Anatomy &
Physiology for nurses. 4th edition. New Delhi: Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers(P) Ltd;2015.
Anatomy of ear[Internet].2019[cited 2019 August 17].
Available from:
https://med.uth.edu/orl/online-ear...ear-anatomy/ear-
anatomy-inner-ear/
anatomy of cochlea[Internet]2019[cited 2019 august
17] available from:
https://www.anatomynext.com/cochlear-duct/
Physiology of ear[Internet] 2019[cited 2019 august 17].
Available from:
https://www.umms.org/ummc/health
services/hearing.../how-ear-works
