ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-31

SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1:
Bohr’s atomic model can explain
(a) the spectrum of hydrogen atom only
(b) the spectrum of an atom or ion containing one electron only
(c) the spectrum of hydrogen molecule
(d) the solar spectrum.
Solution:
In Bohr’s theory while calculating the energy of electron, the potential energy has been found out by
considering only the attraction between the electron and nucleus. If there is another electron in the
orbit, the potential energy would change due electronelectron repulsion. Therefore the Bohr’s
model is meant for all oneelectron systems.
 (b)

Example 2:
The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 2s orbital is
(a) 4 (b) 1
h
(c) Zero (d)
2π
Solution:
h
The orbital angular momentum of an electron is calculated as l (l  1) .
2
h
0(0  1) 0
2
 (c)

Example 3:
The ratio of the energies of photons of 2000 Å to that of 4000 Å is
(a) 2 (b) 4
1 1
(c) (d)
2 4
Solution:

hc E1  2 4000
E ,   = =2
 E2 1 2000

 (a)

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-32
Example 4:
Which of the following postulates does not belong to Bohr’s model of the atom?
h
(a) Angular momentum is an integral multiple of
2
(b) The electron stationed in the orbit is stable.
(c) The path of an electron is circular.
(d) The change in the energy levels of electron is continuous.
Solution:
In Bohr’s model, the energy levels are discrete and not continuous.
 (d)

Example 5:
The wave number of the first Balmer line of Li 2+ ion is 1, 36, 800 cm 1. The wave number of the
first line of Balmer series of hydrogen atom is (in cm 1)
(a) 68,400 (b) 15,200
(c) 76,000 (d) 30,800
Solution:
Atomic number of Li2+ is 3

1  1 1 
 RH Z 2   
  n2 n2 
 1 2

 1 1 
1,36,800 = R H  9  2  2 
2 3 

 1 1  1,36,800
RH    = 15,200
2
2 32  9

 (b)

Example 6:
If uncertainity in the position of an electron is zero the uncertainity in its momentum will be
h h
(a) < (b) >
4 4
(c) Zero (d) infinite
Solution:
h
x  p 
4

if x = 0, then p will be infinite

 (d)

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-33
Example 7:
The principal quantum number represents
(a) shape of an orbital
(b) number of electrons in an orbital
(c) distance of an electron from the nucleus
(d) orientation of orbitals in space
Solution:
 (c)

Example 8:
The energy of an electron of 2py orbital is
(a) greater than 2px orbital
(b) less than 2pz orbital
(c) equal to 2s orbital
(d) same as that of 2px and 2pz orbitals
Solution:
All the 2p orbitals are degenerate.
 (d)

Example 9:
If the following matter waves travel with equal velocity, the longest wavelength is that of a/an
(a) electron
(b) proton
(c) neutron
(d) particle
Solution:

h
=
mv

 will be large if m is small.

 (a)

Example 10:
Number of nodal planes (planes of zero electron density) in the d xy orbital is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 0 (d) 4
Solution:
xz & yz are planes with zero electron density for dxy orbital.
 (b)

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-34
SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1:
An electron in a Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom in quantum level n 2 has an angular momentum
of 4.276  6  1034 kgm2 sec1. If this electron drops from this level to the next lower level,
find the wavelength of this spectral line. (given RH = 109679 cm1)
Solution:
According to Bohr’s theory
nh
mvr =
2
mvr = 4.2176  1034 kg m2s1

2  3.14  ( 4.2176  10 34 kg m 2 s 1 )

n =
( 6.626  10  34 Js)

= 3.99

4
when an electron falls from n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydrogen atom, the wavelength emitted is
calculated as,

1  1 1 
 RH   
 2 2
 n1 n 2 

 1 1 
= 109679  2  2 
3 4 
4 1
 = 1.8756  10 cm
6 1
= 1.8756  10 m
10 1
= 18756  10 m

= 18756 Å

Example 2:
What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength as the Balmer
transition, n = 4 to n = 2 of He+ spectrum?
Solution:
In the He+ spectrum,
1  1 1 
 RH Z 2    ( Z = 2)
 2 2
42 

1  1 1 
 RH  4    
 2 2
42 
In the hydrogen spectrum

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 1  1 1  ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-35
 RH  2  2 
 n1 n 2 

For same wavelength,

 1 1   1 1 
RH 
2

2
 = RH  4    
2
n1 n 2  2 42 

1 1
= RH   2  2 
1 2 
 n2 = 2, n1 = 1

Example 3:
The circumference of the first Bohr orbit in H atom is 3.322  1010 m. What is the velocity of
the electron in this orbit?
Solution:
According to Bohr’s model,
nh
mvr =
2

nh 1 (6.626  10 34 Js)

v= =
2mr (9.1 10  31kg)  3.322  10 10 m

= 2.19  106 m/s

Example 4:
How much will be the kinetic energy and total energy change of an e  in H atom if the atom
emits a photon of wavelength 4860Å?
Solution:
The energy released is
34
hc (6.62  10 Js) (3  10 8 ms 1 )
E = = = 4.09  1019 J
 ( 4860  10 10 m)

 Total energy change = 4.09  1019 J

Total energy of electron in an atom = –kinetic energy of electron in an atom.
Loss in energy due to release of photon = gain in kinetic energy
= 4.09  1019 J

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-36
Example 5:
Calculate the energy emitted when electrons of 1.0 g atom of hydrogen undergo transition
giving the spectral lines of lowest energy in the visible region of its atomic spectra.
RH = 1.1  107 m1, c = 3  108 m sec1 and h = 6.62  1034 J sec.
Solution:
For visible line spectrum, i.e., Balmer series n1 = 2. Also for minimum energy transition n2 = 3.

1  1 1
 = R H  2  2  for Hatom
  n1 n 2 

1  1 1
 = RH  2  2 
 2 3 

 1 1
4  9 5
= 1.1  107   = 1.1  107  36 m1

  = 6.55  107 m

hc 6.62  10 34  3.0  10 8

E = =
 6.55  10 7
= 3.037  1019 Joule
if N electrons show this transition in 1 g atom of H then
Energy released = E  N
= 3.03  1019  6.023  1023
= 18.29  104 J
= 182.9 kJ.

Example 6:
The dissociation of O2 into two normal atoms requires 498 kJ mol 1. Oxygen also undergoes
photochemical dissociation into one normal oxygen atom and one excited atom having
1.967 eV more energy than normal atom. What is the maximum wavelength effective for
photochemical dissociation of O2?

Solution:
O2  2O
2O  O + O* (O* is excited oxygen atom)
For dissociation, total energy required per atom is

498  10 3
= J per atom
6.023  10 23
For exciting one atom energy required is = 1.967  1.6  1019 J

498  10 3
Total energy require is = J  1.967  1.6  1019 J
6.023  10 23

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 hc ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-37
E=

hc
=
E

(6.626  10 34 Js) (3  10 8 ms 1 )

= 498  10 3
J  1.967  1.6  10 19 J
6.023  10 23
= 1.7413  107 m
= 1741.3 Å

Example 7:
Positronium consists of an electron and a positron (same mass, opposite charge) orbiting
around their common center of mass. The spectrum is therefore expected to be hydrogen
like, the difference arising from the mass differences. Calculate the wave number of the first
three lines of Balmer series of positronium.
Solution:
The masses of the nucleus and the electron are comparable and in such systems the mass of the
nucleus is also to be taken into account. In the energy equation, instead of the mass of the electron,
the reduced mass is to be taken.
By definition, reduced mass  is
1 1 1
 
 m M
m is the mass of the electron and M is the mass of the nucleus.
mM
=
mM
Since the mass of positron = mass of electron,
mm m
= 
2m 2
Therefore with equation for Rydberg constant, for positronium is

2 2 e 4k 2 2 2 (m / 2)e 4 k 2
Rpos = 
h3 c h3 c

RH
=
2
109737
= = 54868.5 cm1
2
First line of Balmer series:
 1 1 
    = 7620.6 cm1
 1 = 54868.5 2 2
32 
Second line:

 1 1 
    1
 2 = 54868.5  2 2 4 2  = 10288 cm

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 Third line: ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-38
1 1 
 3 = 54868.5  2 2  5 2  = 11522 cm
 1

Example 8:
The circumference of the second Bohr orbit of electron in hydrogen atom 600 nm. Calculate
the potential difference to which the electron has to be subjected so that the electron stops.
The electron had the de Broglie wavelength corresponding to this circumference.
Solution:
nh
mvr =
2
nh
2r =  n
mv
2r 600
 =  = 300 nm
n 2
h
 =
mv
h
v =
m
If Vo is the voltage,
1
eVo = mv 2
2

1 h2
= m
2 m 2 2

h2
Vo =
2 m 2 e

( 6.626  10 34 Js) 2

=
2  (9.1 10  31kg)  (300  10  9 m) 2  (1.6  10 19 C)

= 1.675  105 V

Example 9:
Calculate the retarding potential to be applied to an electron to increase its de Broglie
wavelength of 1.75 Å to 2.25 Å?
Solution:
Wavelength change = 2.25  1.75
= 0.5 Å
hc
Energy decrease =

(6.626  10 34 Js)  (3  10 8 ms 1 )
=
(0.5  10 10 m)
= 3.975  1015 J

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 eVo = E ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-39
(1.6  1019 C) Vo = 3.975  1015
3.975  10 15
Vo =
1.6  10 19
= 24843.75 V
It looks very much logical to do it this way. But the mistake here is,
c
= is applicable only to electromagnetic waves and not to particle waves.

The correct method is:
1
E = m( v 12  v 22 )
2
 
2
  
2
1  h    h  
= m
2  m1   m  
 2
 
 2
1  
2
1 h 2  1 
= m      
2 m 2  1    2  


=
h2
2m

1.29  10 19 
eVo = E
34
E (6.626  10 Js) 2  (1.29  10 19 m 2 )
Vo = = = 19.45 V
e 2  (9.1  10 31 kg) (1.6  10 19 C)

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-40

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 ATOMIC STRUCTURE CH-41
MIND MAP

3. The radius of an orbit is given by

2. According to Bohr model, the
n 2h 2
1. According to the quantum theory, the radiant angular momentum of an electron r = . The velocity of an electron
energy is emitted by atoms & molecules in h 4 KZme 2
2

small discrete amounts (quanta), rather than is an integral multiple of . nh

over a continuous range. The energy of 2 in an orbit is given by v = and the
Bohr’s model is applicable single 2mr
each quanta is given by E = h
electron species (hydrogen like energy of an electron in an orbit is given by
species).  2 2K 2 Z 2me 4
E=
n2h2

9. In photoelectric effect, electrons are ejected

from the surface of certain metal exposed to 4. In Bohr model, an electron emits a photon
light of at least a certain minimum frequency when it drops from a higher energy state to a
called threshold frequency. lower energy state.
h = h  + K.E

ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
8. Four quantum numbers characterize 5. The emission spectra of hydrogen is
each electron in an atom. The principal obtained when electron from an excited
quantum number(n) identifies the main state is deexcited to the ground state. The
energy level, the angular quantum release of specific amounts of energy in the
number (l) indicates shape of orbital, form of photons accounts for the lines in the
the magnetic quantum number (m) hydrogen spectrum.  of each line in the
specifies orientation of orbital in space spectrum can be given by
and the spin quantum number (s)
indicates the direction of the electron’s 1 
2 1 1
 RHz  2  2 
spin on its axis.   n1 n2 

7. An orbital may be defined as a region in 6. De Broglie extended Einstein’s wave

space around the nucleus where the particle description of light to all matters in
probability of finding the electron is motion. The wavelength of a moving particle
maximum. of mass m and velocity  is given by
h
de Broglie equation,  = .
m

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