University Writing & Speaking Center
Textual Analysis Quick Guide
Contributors: Derrian Goebel
The purpose of textual analysis is to describe the content, structure, and functions of the
messages contained in texts.
Textual analysis may involve: consideration of audience; attention to the visual, written and
verbal language; formatting and design elements; assessing the text for what it is attempting to
do; and your response.
Below is a quick guide for helping you analyze text based on content and functions of the
messages contained in the text:
Rhetorical Triangle (See Responding Using the Rhetorical Situation)
• Ethos: How does the author’s credibility affect what is Ethos
credibilit-,' - trust
being said?
• Logos: What evidence does the text provide?
• Pathos: How does the text appeal to emotional responses?
• Does the text have a balanced use of ethos, pathos, logos,
or is one appeal emphasized? Why would that appeal be Logos
consistency - logic
Pathos
emotions. imagination
emphasized?
Audience
• Who is the author/publisher targeting?
o Example: For a cereal advertisement, is the
cereal company targeting the parents who buy
the cereal or the children who consume it?
Visual, Written, and Verbal Language
• How is your source targeting a specific audience?
o Visual Example: If the cereal ad is full of bright colors
with cartoon characters, who is the target audience? –
children
o Written Example: Words on a cereal box that is
targeting children will be simple and understandable.
• Ask yourself: How are those words presented? Who do those
words speak to?
• Verbal Language Example: When listening to a music video,
how is the artist using her/his voice? Is the delivery of the lyrics in contrast to the
meaning of the lyrics?
University Writing & Speaking Center
Providing Textual Evidence
• This is where you provide evidence of your claim about the text;
not discuss what evidence the text/author is providing.
o Example: If your claim is that the cartooning on the cereal
is targeting children, provide details from the ad that
support this? What does the cartoon look like? How does
that specific cartoon speak to children rather than adults?
o Example: If the text brings in a famous quote that helps
drive home a point, how is the quote poignant?
Don’t forget to use proper quotation marks, and always cite your source
(even when paraphrasing).
• When considering verbal text, does the author’s word choice make the claim successful
for the intended audience?
Speak to the Bigger Picture
• How does this fit into the bigger picture in terms of cultural framework?
• Example: If you are talking about cereal ads marketing to children, what
does that say about American marketing (or any other bigger concept)?
