Rizal Technological University
S.Y 2019-2020
RESEARCH
GROUP MEMBERS:
Seiko Eloise Manahan
Juvina Timtiman
Euvann Moises
Jonel Verano
TABLE #1
I. INTERPRETATION
GLOBAL ISSUES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
POVERTY 9 12.5% 1
GENDER 8 5.76% 2
INEQUALITY
DRUG ABUSE 7 9.7% 4.5
GLOBAL WARMING 7 9.7% 4.5
TERRORISM 6 8.33% 6
OVER 4 5.55% 7
POPULATION
LACK OF WATER 3 4.16% 9
HIV 3 4.16% 9
GREEN HOUSE 3 4.16% 9
EFFECT
VIOLENCE 2 2.8% 13.5
UNEMPLOYMENT 2
SUICIDE 2
EXTRA JUDICIAL 2
KILLING
CLIMATE CHANGE 2
ABORTION 2
CORRUPTION 1 1.38% 21
VICES 1
CHILD ABUSE 1
OUT OF SCHOOL 1
YOUTH
DISASTER 1
RICE CRISIS 1
AMAZON 1
RAINFOREST FIRE
POLLUTION 1
WASTES 1
TOTAL 72 100%
II. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
Poverty and growth in the Philippines
Authors: Celia Reyes and Aubrey Tabuga, PIDS
Despite the Philippine economy having enjoyed one of its best growth periods in recent years,
the poverty rate continues to rise, putting a strain on achieving the Millennium Development
Goal targets the country has vowed to achieve come 2015.
Inequitable growth across sectors and geographical units combined with various natural and
man-made crises have produced some damaging results. Likewise, poverty-reduction
programs designed without taking into account the characteristics of poverty have not helped.
The Philippines’ GDP grew no less than 4 per cent in six consecutive years, averaging 4.6
per cent from 2003 to 2009. The experience that comes closest to this was during the Ramos
administration in 1994 to 1997 when the country sustained a growth rate of 4 per cent and
above for four consecutive years. Poverty rates for the first time went up continuously, from
24.9 per cent in 2003 to 26.4 in 2006, and then to 26.5 in 2009. This rise amidst high economic
growth is puzzling. Even when the economy performed sluggishly, poverty rate was on a
downward trend. So what factors accounted for the rise in poverty during faster economic
growth?
First, significant economic growth happened in sectors and areas far from where the poor
are. Poverty in the Philippines is still very much an agricultural phenomenon. Unfortunately,
the agricultural sector continued to decelerate while industry and especially services sectors
took centre stage. The sector slowed down consistently to 3.3 per cent and 2.4 per cent
average annual growth during 2003–2006 and 2006–2009 respectively. The majority of the
households who experienced a fall in real income were engaged in agricultural activities.
Economic growth did not happen in the poorest regions in the country. If it did, it happened in
regions where there are no concrete redistributive efforts (none that make marks on the
charts) that can complement the growth effects, rendering these useless in terms of poverty
reduction. Take for instance Central Luzon Region, a largely-urban area north of Manila. It
contributed to over one-tenth of the total increase of poor individuals during 2003 to 2009.
Although, at some point, real income growth helped this region’s poverty rate to decline, the
resulting redistribution of income worked the opposite way, cancelling out the effects of growth
to poverty. On the other hand, persistent poverty in Mindanao like the Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and Caraga continue to make an impact on the aggregate poverty
rate. ARMM alone was responsible for 17 per cent of the increase in the number of poor in
the entire country during 2003 to 2009. This is too big for a region that barely contributes 5
per cent of the total population.
Various kinds of man-made and natural crises have also struck the country recently. The food
crisis in 2008 pulled the poor into an even more desperate situation, and those on the
periphery into poverty, because food is the most basic of all needs. A price increase in rice,
the Filipino staple food, can send an ordinary Filipino earning minimum wage into poverty. At
the same time, the country suffers from the effects of typhoons year after year, bringing
constant struggle to farmers.
These crises, combined with poverty reduction programs that come only in bits and pieces
lacking effective convergence across and within sectors, have resulted to this major setback
that we are facing right now. One problem is that these efforts do not consciously take action
targeted to address the type or nature of poverty the Philippines is facing. The poor is not a
homogeneous group. There are chronically poor people and there are those who were
previously not poor, but, because of certain shocks or crises, fell into poverty (transient poor).
The majority (52 per cent) of the poor are transient poor. The chronic poor need more long-
term interventions that would give them the capacity and opportunities to move out of poverty.
For a large segment of the population, appropriate safety nets during times of crises may
prevent them from falling into poverty. It is essential to take this into account in designing
policies and programs to significantly reduce the poverty rate.
The bottom line is this: growth alone is not sufficient to lift the poor out of poverty. The
Philippines’ so-called ‘growth elasticity’ of poverty reduction is not only way below
international standards but also below the average for developing countries. Higher income
growth is of little help in reducing poverty because of the relationship between growth and
poverty in the country.
The nature of growth must be inclusive, with the poor participating and benefiting from the
growth, in order for poverty to decline significantly. And appropriate safety nets that can be
quickly implemented would help avoid the number of poor to swell during times of shocks.
Representations of Gender Inequality and Women's Issues in Philippine Feminist
Discourses
Author: Carolyn I. Sobritchea
The dynamic women's movements of the Philippines in Southeast Asia are
composed of women from various social classes, ideological orientations,
religious affiliations and occupational groups. This paper is a preliminary attempt
to undertake an anthropology of feminist knowledge as I examine the
representations of gender inequality, the empirical articulations of women's
oppression, and their influence in the directions and dynamics of feminist
theorizing. Narratives or texts about women's/gender issues are embedded in
many kinds of writing—in research reports, creative works, in designs of
development programs, in advocacy materials, training manuals and so on. I
argue here that the development of many discursive sites for the interrogation of
marginality has been responsible for the advances as well as drawbacks, the
many bases of unity as well as tensions, among feminists in non-government
organizations, in academe and in people's organizations. Narratives or texts about
women's/gender issues are embedded in many kinds of writing—in research
reports, creative works, in designs of development programs, in advocacy
materials, training manuals and so on. In other words, the discourse has gone
beyond feminist academic circles to include feminists in development and
advocacy work. I try to provide a brief overview of the important historical events
in the birth and subsequent growth of what is often referred to in feminist circles
as the second wave of women's movement. This provides a useful backdrop for
understanding the contents and trajectory of the many and diverse ideas put
forward by Filipino feminists.
III. Conclusion
As we gather all the data that we got from the respondents, We conclude that 30 of the
students in RTU have an awareness about Global Issues and the rank 1 among 24 issues
that they stated is Poverty with an average score 12.5% followed by rank 2 which is Gender
Inequality 5.76%, Drug Abuse and Global Warming that are tie from rank 3 with 9.7%,
Terrorism in rank 4 for 8.33%, Over population rank 5 with 5.55% followed by the issue of
Lack of Water, HIV, Green House Effect that are tie in rank 6 which has 4.16%, Violence,
Unemployment, Suicide, Extra Judicial Killing, Climate Change and Abortion rank 7 that has
2.8% and Lastly, Corruption, Vices, Child Abuse, Out of school youth, Disaster, Rice Crisis,
Amazon Rainforest Fire, Pollution and Wastes who got the lowest rank with 1.38%.
TABLE #2
I. RESPONSES AND VERBATIM
Out of 30 respondents, here are the 10 answers from the respondents:
Respondent #1
“Ah syempre una is Poverty tas ahmm.. yung mga suicide issues na rin diba kasi ang taas
na.. tas mga drugs issues ganon..”
Respondent #2
“Hmm Drug Abuse, Violence.. poverty po”
Respondent #3
“Yung sa sogie bill tas Amazon haha.. ano pa ba.. yun lang e..”
Respondent #4
“Uh.. first is HIV and then.. ahmm .. yung Water crisis diba.. pwede bay un? Haha ahh oo tas
poverty ganun”
Respondent #5
“Global warming, Gender Inequality and Poverty.. yes.. opo thank you”
Respondent #6
“ahh over population po, poverty atsaka ano.. drugs”
Respondent #7
“ahmm ano ba, climate change? Haha ha..”
Respondent #8
“about siguroo sa ano.. LGBT rights then terrorism.. opo..”
Respondent #9
“haluh.. hahaha green house effect.. oo”
Respondent #10
“ahm siguro uh extreme poverty, water crisis, ayun.. tsaka drug abuse, yes”
II. THEME
ENVIRONMENT HUMAN RIGHTS ECONOMIC HEALTH
Global Warming Gender Inequality Poverty Drug Abuse
Lack of Water Terrorism Over Population HIV
Green House Effect Violence Unemployment Suicide
Climate Change Extra Judicial Killing Corruption Vices
Disaster Abortion Rice Crisis
Amazon Child Abuse
Wastes Out of School Youth
