Explanation Text

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials
ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling
process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new
materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by
minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most
commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for
contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot
water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to
remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to
the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new
wood fibers to be made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that
is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees
(trees used to produce paper).
1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....
a. precious metals c. old newspapers e. fresh vegetables and fruits
b. broken glass d. plastic spoons
2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?
a. It costs much money for the c. It requires less energy. e. It reduces the demand for
process of recycling high-pollution alternatives.
b. It costs less to make new d. It can reduce pollution.
products.
3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?
a. Collect and search for c. Screen and filter the pulp to e. Mix the pulp with new
contaminants such as plastic bags remove smaller contaminants. wood fibres to be made into
and aluminium foil. paper again.
b. Mix the paper with hot water in a d. Put the pulp to a large vat to
blender which turns it into pulp. separate the ink from the paper
fibres.
4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings,
EXCEPT....
a. Skim it off. c. Reuse as ink. e. Mix it with the pulp.
b. Dry it. d. Burn as boiler fuel.
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out
cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where
they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth,
mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it
can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the
juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the
muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from
the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.
5. What is the text about?
a. The digestive system c. The method of the digestive e. The food substances
system
b. The digestive juice d. The process of intestine work
6. How can we swallow the food easily?
a. the food changes into acids c. The food is directly swallowed e. The food we take must be
absorbed by the villi through esophagus into the changed into substances
stomach. carried in the blood to the
b. The food must be digested first d. The food is mixed with the places.
through the process. juices secreted by the cells in
the stomach.
7. From the text above, we imply that ….
a. a good process of digestive c. the digestive system is needed if e. the better we digest the food
system will help our body we are eating the food instantly. we eat, the healthier we will
becoming healthier. be.
b. no one concerned with the process d. every body must conduct the
of digestive system for their processes of digestive system
health. well.
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost all fish and plant life
because of acid rain. Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). Most
sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the
nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gasses. The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land,
by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere at any time, the gasses will oxidize (gain an oxygen
atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ).
The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.
Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More
ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ).
Acidification increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for
example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the
atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls
on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminum
irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the
effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of
toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms.
8. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To report the acid rain in general c. To persuade the reader to e. To present two different
prevent acid rain. opinions on acid rain
b. To explain the process of acid d. To discuss the danger of acid process.
rain. rain in the air.
9. Which of the following is not true about acid rain?
a. It contains lower pH than the c. It can damage animal and plant e. It endangers water life.
normal rain. life.
b. It has a higher pH than the normal d. It contains dangerous gasses.
rain
10. What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?
a. ammonium c. sulphuric acid e. airborne ammonia
b. nitric acid d. sulfur dioxide