6 Marking scheme: Worksheet (AS)
1 D [1]
2 B [1]
3 C [1]
4 B [1]
5 B [1]
6 Momentum is a vector quantity – it has both direction and magnitude. [1]
If the initial momentum of the car is +p, then its final momentum must be –p (see diagram).
Change in momentum, ∆p = final momentum – initial momentum
∆p = –p – p = –2p (the change is not zero) [1]
7 a ∆p = (2.0 × 8.0) – (2.0 × 4.0) [1]
∆p = +8.0 kg m s–1 [1]
b ∆p = (2.0 × –4.0) – (2.0 × 3.0) [1]
∆p = –14 kg m s–1 [1]
c ∆p = (2.0 × 8.0) – (2.0 × –5.0) [1]
∆p = +26 kg m s–1 [1]
8 a p = mv = 20 × 180 [1]
p = 3.6 × 103 kg m s–1 [1]
b The momentum is conserved in this explosion. The momentum of the cannon is equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to that of the shell. [1]
Momentum of the cannon = 3.6 × 103 kg m s–1 [1]
c Using the answer from b, we have:
850 × V = 3.6 × 103 [1]
3.6 × 10 3
V= [1]
850
V ≈ 4.2 m s–1 [1]
9 a initial momentum = final momentum [1]
900 × 28 = (1500 + 900) × V (V = combined velocity) [1]
900 × 28
V= [1]
2400
V = 10.5 m s−1 ≈ 11 m s−1 [1]
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6 Marking scheme: Worksheet (AS)
1 2
b kinetic energy = mv [1]
2
1
initial kinetic energy = × 900 × 282 = 3.53 × 105 J ≈ 3.5 × 105 J [1]
2
1
final kinetic energy = × 2400 × 10.52 = 1.32 × 105 J ≈ 1.3 × 105 J [1]
2
c The collision is inelastic because there is a decrease in the kinetic energy of the system.
Some of the initial kinetic energy is transformed to other forms, such as heat. [1]
10 initial momentum = final momentum [1]
(1.2 × 4.0) + (0.80 × –2.5) = (1.2 × 1.0) + (0.80 × v) [1]
2.80 = 1.20 + 0.80v
2.80 − 1.20
v= [1]
0.80
v = 2.0 m s–1 to the right [1]
11 a Initial momentum = final momentum [1]
Moving towards the right is taken as the ‘positive’ direction.
0 = (0.500 × 3.8) + (0.310 × v) (v is the velocity of T) [1]
0.500 × 3.8
v=– (the minus sign means that T moves to the left) [1]
0.310
v = –6.13 m s–1 ≈ –6.1 m s–1 [1]
∆p
b F= [1]
∆t
∆p = 0.500 × 3.8 = 1.9 kg m s–1, ∆t = 0.25 s [1]
1.9
F= [1]
0.25
F = 7.6 N [1]
12 a ∆p = m∆v = 0.210 × (–23 – 23) (original direction taken as ‘positive’) [1]
∆p = –9.66 kg m s–1 ≈ –9.7 kg m s–1 [1]
(The minus implies that the force exerted by the wall on the ball is in the opposite direction
to its initial direction of travel.)
b The momentum of the ball itself is not conserved. [1]
The total momentum of the wall and the ball is conserved. The wall gains momentum equal
to 9.7 kg m s–1 but because it is massive its velocity is negligible. [1]
∆p
c F= [1]
∆t
∆p = –9.66 kg m s–1, ∆t = 0.31 s
9.66
F= (magnitude only) [1]
0.31
F ≈ 31 N [1]
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6 Marking scheme: Worksheet (AS)
13 a Momentum is a vector quantity and is conserved.
It has no component at right angles (p cos 90° = 0), hence momentum in a direction at right
angles to the initial momentum must be zero. [1]
Hence, 2.6 sin 30° = 1.5 sin θ [1]
⎛ 2.6 sin 30 ⎞
θ = sin−1 ⎜ ⎟ = 60° [1]
⎝ 1 .5 ⎠
b Initial momentum = 1.2 × 3.0 = 3.6 kg m s−1 in the direction of A’s initial velocity. [1]
Momentum can be added vectorially.
The angle between the final velocities (and hence momentum) of A and B is 90°. [1]
The final momentum p is the vector sum of the momentum of A and the momentum of B.
final momentum p = (1.2 × 2.6) 2 + (1.2 × 1.5) 2 = 3.6 kg m s−1 [1]
The initial momentum and the final momentum are the same.
OR
Initial momentum = 1.2 × 3.0 = 3.6 kg m s−1 in the direction of A’s initial velocity. [1]
final momentum = sum of momentum components [1]
final momentum parallel to A’s initial velocity = (1.2 × 2.6) cos 30° + (1.2 × 1.5) cos 60°
= 3.6 kg m s−1 [1]
The initial momentum and the final momentum are the same. (From part a, the components of
momentum at right angles to A’s initial velocity are zero.)
AS and A Level Physics Original material © Cambridge University Press 2010 3
